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STUDY GU STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
STUDY GU STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

... Plant Kingdom Characteristics: 11. What  things  can  a  vacuole  store?    Water,  waste,  and  food * multicellular, eukaryotic organisms 12. What  is  the  func7on  of  chloroplasts?    To  change  light  energy  into  food * all autotrophs (photosynthe ...
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Plant Cell Animal Cell

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Stores water, nutrients, waste, etc. “Storage Sack” within the cell
Stores water, nutrients, waste, etc. “Storage Sack” within the cell

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Cell Structure answers
Cell Structure answers

... Mitochondria are the organelles A power plant (organelle means “little organ) that convert energy from one form to another. It is enclosed by two membranes (inner and outer). All of the folds (called cristae) of the inner membrane increase the surface area so the mitochondria can make more ATP (ATP ...
ExamView Pro - Final Exam review sheet #3.tst
ExamView Pro - Final Exam review sheet #3.tst

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Basic unit of all living things
Basic unit of all living things

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The Cell Theory and Membrane Transport
The Cell Theory and Membrane Transport

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II. The Cell - Quakertown Community School District
II. The Cell - Quakertown Community School District

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Passive Transport (Section 5-1) Answer Sheet
Passive Transport (Section 5-1) Answer Sheet

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Intro to Cells - Ms. Fuller's Biology Class
Intro to Cells - Ms. Fuller's Biology Class

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Plant vs Animal Cells - Fall River Public Schools
Plant vs Animal Cells - Fall River Public Schools

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Review sheet

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Cell Structures and Functions

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Homework: Plant vs Animal Cells HW-35
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Cell Analogy Rubric

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The Cell Model Project
The Cell Model Project

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Note questions part 4 - Peoria Public Schools
Note questions part 4 - Peoria Public Schools

... 133. What serves as the ultimate energy for ALL life on earth? 134. Where is the energy of sunlight stored inside of sugars? 135. How many membranes are around a chloroplast? 136. The outer membrane of the chloroplast is _____________, while the inner membrane is modified into sacs called __________ ...
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Eukaryotic cells .................................... and

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Basic Structure of a Cell
Basic Structure of a Cell

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File - Biology with Radjewski
File - Biology with Radjewski

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< 1 ... 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 ... 393 >

Cytoplasmic streaming



Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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