Part 2: Simulating cell motility using CPM
... Mare "e AFM, Grieneisen VA, Edelstein-Keshet L (2012) How Cells Integrate Complex Stimuli: The Effect of Feedback from Phosphoinositides and Cell Shape on Cell Polarization and Motility. PLoS Comput Biol 8(3): e1002402. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002402! ...
... Mare "e AFM, Grieneisen VA, Edelstein-Keshet L (2012) How Cells Integrate Complex Stimuli: The Effect of Feedback from Phosphoinositides and Cell Shape on Cell Polarization and Motility. PLoS Comput Biol 8(3): e1002402. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002402! ...
Chara Myosin and the Energy of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... streaming. Myosin should move with its tail attached to the endoplasmic reticulum meshwork to produce bulk flow of water (Nothnagel and Webb 1982). Recently, it was found that the myosin responsible for the streaming in Chara corallina has very high ATPase activity and the activity is 410 times high ...
... streaming. Myosin should move with its tail attached to the endoplasmic reticulum meshwork to produce bulk flow of water (Nothnagel and Webb 1982). Recently, it was found that the myosin responsible for the streaming in Chara corallina has very high ATPase activity and the activity is 410 times high ...
1c - Cell Membrane Notes
... hyper = above A solution in which the concentration is higher outside the cell than inside. ...
... hyper = above A solution in which the concentration is higher outside the cell than inside. ...
Regent Review: Cell Biology - Holding
... nucleus, are made of one or more cells which contain organelles and are found in the plant, animal, fungi and protist kingdoms. ...
... nucleus, are made of one or more cells which contain organelles and are found in the plant, animal, fungi and protist kingdoms. ...
Biological Sciences
... Learning the potential of Engineering Living System Understand key common features of Living System, Cellular structure & function Basic understanding of cellular metabolism, ...
... Learning the potential of Engineering Living System Understand key common features of Living System, Cellular structure & function Basic understanding of cellular metabolism, ...
Cell Structure
... packed to form “microfibrils” - there, in turn, are bundled together to form “fibrils” - the structure is like fibre glass – in the sense that the cell wall has great strength – due to the many strong fibres and “glue” that holds them together - All plant cells start by having a primary wall, which ...
... packed to form “microfibrils” - there, in turn, are bundled together to form “fibrils” - the structure is like fibre glass – in the sense that the cell wall has great strength – due to the many strong fibres and “glue” that holds them together - All plant cells start by having a primary wall, which ...
07 Cell Transport - Crestwood Local Schools
... transport caused by carrier proteins specific for the molecules they transport. Remember movement is always down the concentration gradient. (i.e. high to low) Also facilitated diffusion needs no energy. ...
... transport caused by carrier proteins specific for the molecules they transport. Remember movement is always down the concentration gradient. (i.e. high to low) Also facilitated diffusion needs no energy. ...
8.2 Cell Transport
... of higher density to regions of lower density across the cell membrane. • The direction of movement depends on the concentration gradient and does not require energy. ...
... of higher density to regions of lower density across the cell membrane. • The direction of movement depends on the concentration gradient and does not require energy. ...
Cells Alive- Interactive Internet Lesson
... button. Click on “Cell Model”. Click on “take me to animation”. Scroll down and click on “plant cell”. Sketch the chloroplast For this model, you will need to click on the various parts of the cell to go to a screen that tells you about the parts. Answers to the following questions are found there. ...
... button. Click on “Cell Model”. Click on “take me to animation”. Scroll down and click on “plant cell”. Sketch the chloroplast For this model, you will need to click on the various parts of the cell to go to a screen that tells you about the parts. Answers to the following questions are found there. ...
Cell Envelope—Outer Covering 3 Basic layers: Glycocalyx, Cell wall
... Thin peptidoglycan layer has a small periplasmic space on both sides of it— reaction site for substances entering/leaving cell Inner cell membrane Gram stain: crystal violet stains the cell purple Gram’s iodine has no affect—due to small peptidoglycan layer ETOH partially dissolves the OM’s lipids a ...
... Thin peptidoglycan layer has a small periplasmic space on both sides of it— reaction site for substances entering/leaving cell Inner cell membrane Gram stain: crystal violet stains the cell purple Gram’s iodine has no affect—due to small peptidoglycan layer ETOH partially dissolves the OM’s lipids a ...
3 Bio Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function (Ch 7.2)
... Found anywhere in the cytoplasm Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell Eat worn out organelles Remove “junk” Cleanup Crew ...
... Found anywhere in the cytoplasm Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell Eat worn out organelles Remove “junk” Cleanup Crew ...
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(RER)
... ribosomes and is the site of lipid metabolism. They provide surface area for the action of enzymes and storage space. These enzymes are used in the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids. In liver cells the smooth ER produces enzymes that help to detoxify certain compounds. For, instance, liver cells ...
... ribosomes and is the site of lipid metabolism. They provide surface area for the action of enzymes and storage space. These enzymes are used in the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids. In liver cells the smooth ER produces enzymes that help to detoxify certain compounds. For, instance, liver cells ...
Chapter 2 Living Things-Looking Inside Cells
... bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. Chloroplasts- Only the cells of plants and some other organisms have green organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts capture energy from sunligh ...
... bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. Chloroplasts- Only the cells of plants and some other organisms have green organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts capture energy from sunligh ...
Ch6_objectives
... microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 26. Explain how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relates to their functions. Cell Surfaces and Junctions ...
... microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. 26. Explain how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relates to their functions. Cell Surfaces and Junctions ...
Section 10–2 Cell Division (pages 244–249)
... 10. What happens during the S phase? Chromosomes are replicated, and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place. Also, key proteins associated with the chromosomes are synthesized. ...
... 10. What happens during the S phase? Chromosomes are replicated, and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place. Also, key proteins associated with the chromosomes are synthesized. ...
Cells: How their discovery led to the cell theory
... A group of similar cells that perform a particular function ...
... A group of similar cells that perform a particular function ...
The Cell Unit Plan
... and the endosymbiont theory), and a virtual cell activity. Assessments: One lab, one project and an exam Materials can be accessed from: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0B_xbBGrOHjEgU2c4c3pVNWpBYm M Assessment Pacing: This unit takes about 4 weeks to complete. Essential Questions: 1. Comp ...
... and the endosymbiont theory), and a virtual cell activity. Assessments: One lab, one project and an exam Materials can be accessed from: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0B_xbBGrOHjEgU2c4c3pVNWpBYm M Assessment Pacing: This unit takes about 4 weeks to complete. Essential Questions: 1. Comp ...
Cell Envelope—Outer Covering 3 Basic layers: Glycocalyx, Cell wall
... Thin peptidoglycan layer has a small periplasmic space on both sides of it— reaction site for substances entering/leaving cell Inner cell membrane Gram stain: crystal violet stains the cell purple Gram’s iodine has no affect—due to small peptidoglycan layer ETOH partially dissolves the OM’s lipids a ...
... Thin peptidoglycan layer has a small periplasmic space on both sides of it— reaction site for substances entering/leaving cell Inner cell membrane Gram stain: crystal violet stains the cell purple Gram’s iodine has no affect—due to small peptidoglycan layer ETOH partially dissolves the OM’s lipids a ...
Function
... lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules so that they can be used by the cell. They also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness (remove junk that accumulates in the cell). Many serious diseases can be traced to lysosomes that fail to function properly. ...
... lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules so that they can be used by the cell. They also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness (remove junk that accumulates in the cell). Many serious diseases can be traced to lysosomes that fail to function properly. ...
doc MIMM 211 Lecture Notes 3
... Mitochondria and Chloroplasts o Almost the same size o Contain circular DNA (active genome) o Contain 70s ribosome (instead of 80s in eukaryotes) o Have double membrane (like gram negative bacteria), but no cell envelope o Divide by binary fission (reproduce separately from host) ...
... Mitochondria and Chloroplasts o Almost the same size o Contain circular DNA (active genome) o Contain 70s ribosome (instead of 80s in eukaryotes) o Have double membrane (like gram negative bacteria), but no cell envelope o Divide by binary fission (reproduce separately from host) ...
The Cell - Simpson
... Storage area of the cell Stores food and water Plants have one large vacuole for water Some animal cells have them & others do not ...
... Storage area of the cell Stores food and water Plants have one large vacuole for water Some animal cells have them & others do not ...
Document
... It twists the filament, making it easier for subunits at the Minus end of the filament to dissassemble ...
... It twists the filament, making it easier for subunits at the Minus end of the filament to dissassemble ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑