Keystone Review Packet #1 Answers
... b. They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation. c. They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled. d. They increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange. 4. Which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses ...
... b. They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation. c. They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled. d. They increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange. 4. Which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses ...
Cells - Pleasantville High School
... Plasmolysis is a loss of turgor pressure and the cell will shrink. Hypotonic: If concentration of water is higher outside the cell, water diffuses into the cell and the cell will expand (burst). Provides the plant cell with turgor pressure. In an animal cell, it may result in cytolysis (burs ...
... Plasmolysis is a loss of turgor pressure and the cell will shrink. Hypotonic: If concentration of water is higher outside the cell, water diffuses into the cell and the cell will expand (burst). Provides the plant cell with turgor pressure. In an animal cell, it may result in cytolysis (burs ...
transport across the membrane
... • movement of molecules by diffusion requires no energy to be added (although adding energy (i.e. heat) will speed it up). • is a slow process - diffusion in liquid is slower than in gas Three Ways of increasing the rate of diffusion: 1. increase the temperature Membrane and Transport Notes.doc ...
... • movement of molecules by diffusion requires no energy to be added (although adding energy (i.e. heat) will speed it up). • is a slow process - diffusion in liquid is slower than in gas Three Ways of increasing the rate of diffusion: 1. increase the temperature Membrane and Transport Notes.doc ...
Chapter 4
... Two or more at one (or both) ends is lophotrichous Flagella all over is peritrichous ...
... Two or more at one (or both) ends is lophotrichous Flagella all over is peritrichous ...
Cellular Transport Review
... Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ transport. A. active B. passive Glucose enters cells most rapidly by _________________ A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. phagocytosis Energy for active transport comes from a cell’s ___________________. ...
... Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ transport. A. active B. passive Glucose enters cells most rapidly by _________________ A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. phagocytosis Energy for active transport comes from a cell’s ___________________. ...
Slide 1 - AccessCardiology
... Apoptosis pathway. Two distinct, but not mutually exclusive, pathways of apoptotic cell death have been well desribed: extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In the extrinsic pathway, soluble or cell surface death ligands, such as TNF-α and Fas ligand, bind to the corresponding death receptors inducing a ...
... Apoptosis pathway. Two distinct, but not mutually exclusive, pathways of apoptotic cell death have been well desribed: extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In the extrinsic pathway, soluble or cell surface death ligands, such as TNF-α and Fas ligand, bind to the corresponding death receptors inducing a ...
Diversity of Living Things Part 3
... But the protists (eukaryotes) were very different. They are 10 times larger than prokaryotes, have many chromosomes, have organelles with their own membranes. ...
... But the protists (eukaryotes) were very different. They are 10 times larger than prokaryotes, have many chromosomes, have organelles with their own membranes. ...
Cells
... molecules on both sides of the membrane flow across the membrane. However, there is a net flow of molecules from the more concentrated solution into the less concentrated solution, until the concentrations are equal. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in each direct ...
... molecules on both sides of the membrane flow across the membrane. However, there is a net flow of molecules from the more concentrated solution into the less concentrated solution, until the concentrations are equal. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in each direct ...
Anatomy-and-Physiology-Chapter
... orient itself so that it is as close as possible to water molecules. The Lipid Tails are HYDROPHOBIC meaning "WATER-FEARING", the Hydrophobic tails will tend to orient themselves away from water. ...
... orient itself so that it is as close as possible to water molecules. The Lipid Tails are HYDROPHOBIC meaning "WATER-FEARING", the Hydrophobic tails will tend to orient themselves away from water. ...
The Muscular System
... fibers (muscle fiber = muscle cell). The individual muscles are separated from each other and held in place by a covering called the FASCIA. This fascia also forms TENDONS connecting muscles to bones. ...
... fibers (muscle fiber = muscle cell). The individual muscles are separated from each other and held in place by a covering called the FASCIA. This fascia also forms TENDONS connecting muscles to bones. ...
Cell Membrane II
... proteins, sugars, etc., the flow of water across the membrane depends on the concentration of water. • Extracellular fluid is usually (“having the same strength”) to the cytoplasmic fluid within each cell. • Solutions that have a higher concentration of dissolved particles than does a cell’s cytopla ...
... proteins, sugars, etc., the flow of water across the membrane depends on the concentration of water. • Extracellular fluid is usually (“having the same strength”) to the cytoplasmic fluid within each cell. • Solutions that have a higher concentration of dissolved particles than does a cell’s cytopla ...
Molecular Machines (1MB429) Exam 2011-12-21
... Profilin is an AEF (ADP to ATP exchange factor) that accelerates the conversion of G actin from ADP to ATP form. It also blocks Actin –ATP binding to the (-) end. CapZ blocks microfilament growth at the (+) end by binding to it with high affinity and prevents filament disassembly from the (+) end to ...
... Profilin is an AEF (ADP to ATP exchange factor) that accelerates the conversion of G actin from ADP to ATP form. It also blocks Actin –ATP binding to the (-) end. CapZ blocks microfilament growth at the (+) end by binding to it with high affinity and prevents filament disassembly from the (+) end to ...
WHAT IS THE CELL MEMBRANE?
... 2. Why do animal cells NOT have a chloroplast? Answer in complete sentences. 3. Which structure of the cell provides protection and controls what goes in or out of the cell? 4. What kinds of materials do you think pass through a cell? Name at least 3. ...
... 2. Why do animal cells NOT have a chloroplast? Answer in complete sentences. 3. Which structure of the cell provides protection and controls what goes in or out of the cell? 4. What kinds of materials do you think pass through a cell? Name at least 3. ...
Cell Full Notes
... • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes ...
... • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes ...
PPT
... carotenoid pigments that are related to carotene. These pigments are various shades of orange or yellow. The pigments can be separated from leaves by means of a technique known as chromatography. ...
... carotenoid pigments that are related to carotene. These pigments are various shades of orange or yellow. The pigments can be separated from leaves by means of a technique known as chromatography. ...
plant cell animal cell
... • What are the 4 main structures/organelles that ALL living cells must have? • What are the primary structures (organelles), and their processes, for cells to function properly? • Differentiate between the structures and functions of plant and animal cell organelles (including cell membrane, cell wa ...
... • What are the 4 main structures/organelles that ALL living cells must have? • What are the primary structures (organelles), and their processes, for cells to function properly? • Differentiate between the structures and functions of plant and animal cell organelles (including cell membrane, cell wa ...
Muscles
... How is the cross bridge cycle switched off in a relaxed muscle? This is where the regulatory protein on the actin filament, tropomyosin is involved. Actin filaments have myosin binding sites. These binding sites are blocked by tropomyosin in relaxed muscle. When Ca2+ bind tropomyosin is disp ...
... How is the cross bridge cycle switched off in a relaxed muscle? This is where the regulatory protein on the actin filament, tropomyosin is involved. Actin filaments have myosin binding sites. These binding sites are blocked by tropomyosin in relaxed muscle. When Ca2+ bind tropomyosin is disp ...
Cell Structure
... • Passage of water from cell to cell is facilitated through pit-pairs which allow lateral transport of water • Act as the only water conducting elements in gymnosperms and primitive vascular plant; small amount in angiosperms ...
... • Passage of water from cell to cell is facilitated through pit-pairs which allow lateral transport of water • Act as the only water conducting elements in gymnosperms and primitive vascular plant; small amount in angiosperms ...
reference
... • Modifies chemicals to make them functional • Prominent in cells that secrete cell products like mucus • Secretes chemicals in tiny vesicles. Reference: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/golgibody.htm ...
... • Modifies chemicals to make them functional • Prominent in cells that secrete cell products like mucus • Secretes chemicals in tiny vesicles. Reference: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/golgibody.htm ...
Passive Transport
... •Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. •A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. •Salt water fis ...
... •Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. •A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. •Salt water fis ...
Introduction to Biology Week 4
... b) Temperature - higher temperatures cause increased agitation of molecules c) Molecular size Small molecules move faster than larger ones e) Pressure gradient -(1) difference in pressure between two adjoining regions can influence the rate and direction of diffusion 2. Bulk Flow a. Tendency of diff ...
... b) Temperature - higher temperatures cause increased agitation of molecules c) Molecular size Small molecules move faster than larger ones e) Pressure gradient -(1) difference in pressure between two adjoining regions can influence the rate and direction of diffusion 2. Bulk Flow a. Tendency of diff ...
Cell Analogy to Hospitals - APBiology2015-2016
... The other organelles won’t be held in place and this may cause the cluttering and clashing of the organelles together. The functions of the cell will have more difficulty of being organized and having materials easily going through. ...
... The other organelles won’t be held in place and this may cause the cluttering and clashing of the organelles together. The functions of the cell will have more difficulty of being organized and having materials easily going through. ...
Chapter 7 Osmosis & Diffusion
... no salt or sugar in it). Because there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell, water enters the cell by OSMOSIS. In this case too much water enters and the cell swells to the point of bursting open. In the end pieces of cell membrane are left in the water. ...
... no salt or sugar in it). Because there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell, water enters the cell by OSMOSIS. In this case too much water enters and the cell swells to the point of bursting open. In the end pieces of cell membrane are left in the water. ...
Prokaryotic Cell Division
... The precise timing and formation of the mitotic spindle is critical to the success of eukaryotic cell division. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not undergo karyokinesis and therefore have no need for a mitotic spindle. However, the FtsZ protein that plays such a vital role in prokaryotic cy ...
... The precise timing and formation of the mitotic spindle is critical to the success of eukaryotic cell division. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not undergo karyokinesis and therefore have no need for a mitotic spindle. However, the FtsZ protein that plays such a vital role in prokaryotic cy ...
Six Instructional Shifts
... out of the cell. All the while, little cytoplasmic factories work 24/7, cranking out sugars, fats, proteins, and energy to keep the whole thing running and feed the nucleus – the brains of the operation. Inside every nucleus within each cell in your body, there’s an identical copy of your entire gen ...
... out of the cell. All the while, little cytoplasmic factories work 24/7, cranking out sugars, fats, proteins, and energy to keep the whole thing running and feed the nucleus – the brains of the operation. Inside every nucleus within each cell in your body, there’s an identical copy of your entire gen ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑