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introduction
introduction

... The SFA measurements indicate that both bacterial surface polymers EPS and LPS can adhesively interact with mica. The measured adhesion forces arose from bridging interactions between the two mica surfaces due to the adsorbed EPS or LPS, which is supported by the sustained adhesion associated with i ...
MIC
MIC

... MIC: It is the lowest concentration of the antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of the test ...
Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone
Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone

... bacterial species produce the same type of AHLs, these molecules are responsible for the regulation of different processes, e.g. 3-oxo-C6-HSL is involved in exoenzyme and carbapanem production by Pectobacterium carotovorum (former: Erwinia carotovora), exopolysaccharide production of Pantoea (former ...
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle

... 4. Industrial fixation: factories make fertilizer from atmospheric nitrogen. Why is nitrogen important? Nitrogen is necessary for all life on earth as it is a key element that forms nucleic acids that are a part of DNA, RNA, and amino acids (protein). How can humans alter the nitrogen cycle? Overuse ...
MDH Flow Chart for Rule-out and Referral of Bacillus anthracis
MDH Flow Chart for Rule-out and Referral of Bacillus anthracis

... MDH Flow Chart for Rule-out and Referral of Bacillus anthracis Public Health Laboratory - Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit 601 Robert St. N. PO Box 64899, St. Paul, MN 55164 ...
Earliest evidence of life found: 3.49 billion years ago
Earliest evidence of life found: 3.49 billion years ago

... her group found the ratio in their samples was consistent with organic carbon. Unfortunately, there were no traces of preserved fats, proteins or fossilized microbes to definitely confirm the material (Phys.org)—A group of US researchers studying some of the oldest rocks in the world in the Pilbara ...
Is Life Thriving Deep Beneath the Seafloor?
Is Life Thriving Deep Beneath the Seafloor?

... surfaces where Arcobacter are perfectly suited. They are bathed in hydrothermal fluids percolating from the ocean crust, which are low in oxygen and high in hydrogen sulfide. In this niche, Arcobacter feasts on ample H2S-rich fluids and outcompetes other oxygen-respiring bacteria. It turns out that ...
Vibrio salmonicida sp. nov., a New Fish Pathogen
Vibrio salmonicida sp. nov., a New Fish Pathogen

... facultatively anaerobic, curved, motile rod-shaped organism. It is oxidase positive and strongly susceptible to vibriostatic agent 0/129; Na+ is required for growth, and the guanine-plus-cytosine content is 42 mol% (14). Growth is oxidative or fermentative. These characteristics, together with its p ...
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica

... Life cycle of E. histolytica (Noninvasive form) Intestinal infection occur through the ingestion of a mature quadrinucleate infective cyst which contaminated food, drinks and also by hand to mouth contact. Then pass through the stomach , as the cyst wall is resistant to gastric juice. - In the inte ...
Vibrio salmonicida sp. nov., a New Fish Pathogen
Vibrio salmonicida sp. nov., a New Fish Pathogen

... facultatively anaerobic, curved, motile rod-shaped organism. It is oxidase positive and strongly susceptible to vibriostatic agent 0/129; Na+ is required for growth, and the guanine-plus-cytosine content is 42 mol% (14). Growth is oxidative or fermentative. These characteristics, together with its p ...
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica

... Life cycle of E. histolytica (Noninvasive form) Intestinal infection occur through the ingestion of a mature quadrinucleate infective cyst which contaminated food, drinks and also by hand to mouth contact. Then pass through the stomach , as the cyst wall is resistant to gastric juice. - In the intes ...
Document
Document

... The abundance of lactose in the medium compared to glucose allows for differentiation of fermentation of one sugar against that of both sugars. Since lactose is a disaccharide (glucose and galactose) if lactose is fermented then glucose must be fermented too. Thus distinction is made between fermen ...
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica

... Life cycle of E. histolytica (Noninvasive form) Intestinal infection occur through the ingestion of a mature quadrinucleate infective cyst which contaminated food, drinks and also by hand to mouth contact. Then pass through the stomach , as the cyst wall is resistant to gastric juice. - In the inte ...
Host-pathogen interaction using Dictyostelium discoideum as
Host-pathogen interaction using Dictyostelium discoideum as

... for example humans. Furthermore, several genes in D. discoideum have shown to be homologous with human genes. Due to these facts, D. discoideum have also been used to study host-pathogen interactions with many different human pathogens. In this project, the aim was to survey the literature and find ...
Concepts and Tools for Studying Microorganisms
Concepts and Tools for Studying Microorganisms

... Several bacterial behaviors are dependent on population density. When population numbers reach a critical level, chemical signals are produced that alter gene activity. Such quorum sensing (QS) can control spore formation as described for the myxobacteria or enhance the ability of a pathogen to caus ...
MW3610 Orig artice
MW3610 Orig artice

... ceftazidime cannot be explained by differences in the rate of bacterial killing since killing curves were nearly identical for ciprofloxacin and the -lactams. Rather, it may be assumed that the production and/or assembly of cell-bound LPS was inhibited by ciprofloxacin. LPS synthesis involves a numb ...
1b Lab TQ bank Types of media
1b Lab TQ bank Types of media

... True or False: T: All purpose media is a nutrient agar that supports the growth of a wide variety of organisms, but does not support fastidious organisms. ...
T -I O -D
T -I O -D

... should be stirred to gain a uniform consistency and should include the sulfur and inorganic carbon sources. Place a 2-3 cm layer of the mud mixture in the column, add the source of cellulose, and stir and pack with the dowel. Add as much of the mixture as needed, 2-3 cm at a time, with gentle tampin ...
Anaerobes
Anaerobes

... Obligate anaerobes Gram negative or gram variable Colonize GU tract in low numbers Associated with bacterial vaginosis – Detected in vagina of 6% of controls – As many as 97% of women with bacterial vaginosis ...
(T/F) The outer membrane for G+ and the cell membrane for G
(T/F) The outer membrane for G+ and the cell membrane for G

... Are Strep. pneumoniae sensitve to optochin? Are Viridans strep.? Strep. pneumoniae is optochin-Sensitive - Viridans streptococci is optochin-Resistant Are Strep. pyogenes Bacitracin-sensitive?> YES. both are catalase + Are Viridans strep. alpha, beta, or non-hemolytic? alpha Because of drug resistan ...
Antimicrobial resistance in biofilms
Antimicrobial resistance in biofilms

... of targets, and exclusion of the antibiotic [33]. These actions typically require the acquisition of specific genetic factors, such as genes for -lactamase or efflux pumps. One of the most important aspects of bacterial biofilm formation is the increased resistance of the constituent microbes to an ...
Material
Material

... They are made of porcelain, asbestos and sintered glass. Inside the filter, funnel is a membrane made with tiny pores of exactly specified and controlled size, these pores are usually 0.45μm. the average bacterial cell is larger than this so they cannot pass through the filter membrane. The filter f ...
Update on placentitis in mares - University of Illinois College of
Update on placentitis in mares - University of Illinois College of

... can be compared to reported normal ranges. - Increased CTUP associated with clinical signs and areas of placental separation are suggestive of ascending placentitis. - Measures of CTUP outside the normal published ranges does not necessarily indicate placentitis, but rather normal variation, and at ...
The Microbiology of Bad Breath and Periodontitis
The Microbiology of Bad Breath and Periodontitis

... continued… • High VSC concentrations indicate oral malodor • Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC) are measured with a ...
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine

... associated with canine gingivitis and periodontitis and to compare this with the normal oral flora. Swabs were obtained from the gingival margin of three dogs with gingivitis and three orally healthy controls, and subgingival plaque was collected from three dogs with periodontitis. Samples were subj ...
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Bacterial morphological plasticity

Bacterial morphological plasticity refers to evolutionary changes in the shape and size of bacterial cells. As bacteria evolve, morphology changes have to be made to maintain the consistency of the cell. However, this consistency could be affected in some circumstances (such as environmental stress) and changes in bacterial shape and size, but specially the transformation into filamentous organisms have been recently showed. These are survival strategies that affect the bacterial normal physiology in response for instance to innate immune response, predator sensing, quorum sensing and antimicrobial signs.
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