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09-26/27 Laboratory – Mutagenesis I
09-26/27 Laboratory – Mutagenesis I

... in TA 1537. In this strain, a C is deleted from a run of Cs that exists in the wildtype organism. • TA 102 is significantly different from the others. It has an ochre mutation (-TAA-), which means that it has a nonsense mutation, in place of the –CAA- present in the wild-type organism. Unlike the ot ...
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

... Haemophilus influenae. ...
microbio 62 [4-20
microbio 62 [4-20

...  Mycoplasma pneumoniae & Chlamydophila pneumoniae 12. How does acute pneumonia present on radiographs?  Infiltrate (shadow) on X-Rays is most important for diagnosis of pneumonia  Focal lobar consolidation with typicals S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, and aspirations  Diffuse interstitial infiltra ...
Industrial revolution and microbial evolution
Industrial revolution and microbial evolution

... cellular proteins, such as those essential for cell survival. Many reasons have been put forward to explain these important characteristics, which are certainly causally related. Massive congruence in protein sequence emphasizes the importance of well-defined arrangements of metabolic networks in th ...
Variances seen in Bacterial Analysis for Water and Waste Water
Variances seen in Bacterial Analysis for Water and Waste Water

... produce 4- Methylumbelliferone, which fluoresces on exposure to UV light (366nm). Non-coliforms do not produce this enzyme and therefore do not fluoresce on the medium. Escherichia coli is detected by the compound IBDG. The β-glucuronidase produced by E. coli cleaves the substrate to produce a blue ...
1-024_prelimt - 2P219lsseportfolio
1-024_prelimt - 2P219lsseportfolio

... Allicin has anti-bacterial and anti-fungus properties. Garlic generate allicin using enzymes when it is injured to protect itself from fungus and insects. In garlic, an enzyme called alliinase, which is stored in a separate compartment in garlic, combines with a compound called alliin to produce all ...
eukarya kingdom protista i
eukarya kingdom protista i

...  In eukaryote a diploid stage undergo meiosis to produce a haploid stage  These two stages alternate in three patterns  Gametic meiosis: most animals & some protists *  Sporic meiosis (alternation of generations: plants & ...
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Chapter 9 Nitrification

... simple substrate : 0.017 mg BODL /L complex substrate : > 0.17 mg BODL /L ...
“Protists” Lectures on Protists “Protists”
“Protists” Lectures on Protists “Protists”

... When diatoms do reproduce sexually, their life cycle is like an animal’s, except never multicellular Dinoflagellates: Dinophyta ...
Chapter 2 Understanding Foodborne Illness
Chapter 2 Understanding Foodborne Illness

... conditions. The number of bacteria can reach dangerous levels very quickly in a short period of time. • Some bacteria when exposed to unfavourable conditions such as very hot or very cold temperatures protect themselves by changing into a spore state. The spore protects the bacteria from being destr ...
AD Operators Training
AD Operators Training

... • Methanogenesis has been found to occur upto 75oC but the optimum temperature is thought to be 5560oC. • The advantage of the higher temperature ranges is that the process will proceed at a faster rate than the lower temperature ranges as stated by the Arrhenius equation. ...
E.Coli - ECGCFriday
E.Coli - ECGCFriday

... E.coli is bacterium that is commonly found in warm-blooded animals. May have fever. May have stomach cramps. May have diarrhea May have vomiting ...
Lab Practical study Guide
Lab Practical study Guide

...  What is the importance of the production of agrocin in A. radiobacter (K84).  How does A. tumefaciens produce galls in host plants? Nematodes:  There are ten characteristics commonly used to identify nematodes…..know five.  What is the importance of the stylet in plant parasitic nematodes?  Wh ...
Class tests topics of microbiology academic year
Class tests topics of microbiology academic year

... on http://www.lekarski.umed.wroc.pl/mikrobiologia. Knowledge of the material will be required during final exam, but not on a class test. ...
the_search_for_better_health_-_part_4 - HSC Guru
the_search_for_better_health_-_part_4 - HSC Guru

... As the blood circulates around the body, some of the plasma moves out of the capillaries into the tissues and becomes part of the tissue fluid. This tissue fluid then moves into a system of vessels known as the lymphatic system. This consists of lymph, nodes, vessels, spleen, tonsils and adenoids. T ...
Selected Diesease in Humans
Selected Diesease in Humans

...  capsid structure (helical, icosahedral, or complex)  envelope structure (enveloped or nonenveloped)  host (animal, plant, or bacteria)  mechanism of replication  site of infection (pneumotrophic, dermatotrophic, viscerotrophic, neurotrophic) ...
Gram positive rods bacteria
Gram positive rods bacteria

... throat with grayish white adherent exudates (pseudo membrane) and a generalized toxemia due to the secretion and dissemination of a highly potent toxin? This genus consists of species that are gram positive straight or curved rod contains volutin granules (intracytoplasmic polyphosphate bodies) when ...
Sir Richard Sykes - Oxford Academic
Sir Richard Sykes - Oxford Academic

... A major factor in bacterial resistance to antibiotics is the failure of the antibiotic to reach its target (Figure 2). This may be due to poor membrane permeability and/or antibiotic inactivation. For b-lactam antibiotics to reach their target on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane they must pass thr ...
A REVIEW Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common
A REVIEW Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common

... net negative charge, often stabilized by the presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+. This is associated with the teichoic acid and polysaccharide elements of Grampositive bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, and the cytoplasmic membrane itself. It is not therefore ...
M. pneumoniae
M. pneumoniae

... important genera  Mycoplasma  Ureoplasma  Three common clinical isolates – M. pneumoniae, M. hominis, and U. urealyticum  Morphology and cultural characteristics  Do not possess the distinctive cell wall of bacteria  Plasma membrane is the outermost part of the organism and is unique in bacter ...
Full text in pdf format
Full text in pdf format

... between October and April. These observations are consistent with the temperature relationships noted above, although 2 isolations of V. alginolyticus were from individuals that stranded in November a n d V. damsela was found in 2 strandings which occurred in November and December. Some species of V ...
Spring 2011 Large Animal Veterinary Science Midterm Name (print
Spring 2011 Large Animal Veterinary Science Midterm Name (print

... a vaccination a. Natural; Artificial b. Artificial; Natural c. Active; Passive d. Passive; Active 12. Which of the following is the best example of passive immunity? a. A vaccination b. White blood cells c. Antibody-rich Colostrum d. An antigen 13. An ________ caused the disease while an ________ wa ...
Structural biology of bacterial pathogenesis
Structural biology of bacterial pathogenesis

... annotation for the type III and type IV pathways, respectively. Type I, type III and type IV secretion systems secrete proteins in an energized step without a periplasmic intermediate. The chaperone-usher, autotransporter, precipitation-nucleator and type II pathways have periplasmic intermediates t ...
Clostridium infections
Clostridium infections

... bacteria of the genus Clostridium, which are relatively large gram-positive organisms that are usually anaerobic, spore-forming and rodshaped. The organisms as spores are resistant and can live for long periods in the soil. Susceptible hosts acquire them either by wound contamination or by ingestion ...
Bacteriology Chart Review
Bacteriology Chart Review

... Pathogenesis Extracellular product listeriolysin O is responsible for pathogenicity- a cytolysin that specifically dissolves the endosomal membrane so that it evades the major antibacterial activity of the cell, this way the org. can also get into cytoplasm. Cell surface virulence includes Internali ...
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Bacterial cell structure



Bacteria, despite their simplicity, contain a well-developed cell structure which is responsible for many of their unique biological structures. Many structural features are unique to bacteria and are not found among archaea or eukaryotes. Because of the simplicity of bacteria relative to larger organisms and the ease with which they can be manipulated experimentally, the cell structure of bacteria has been well studied, revealing many biochemical principles that have been subsequently applied to other organisms.
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