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Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

... GDP displaced by GTP Activation of G-protein Activation of phospholipase Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP Inactivation of G-protein Phospholipase splits PIP2 into DAG and IP3 DAG and IP3 act as secondary messengers DAG activates protein kinases, IP3 triggers Ca++ release from ER Ca++ activates channels on p ...
File
File

... What Does the Endocrine System Do? • Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the endocrine gland that produced it through the bloodstream to the cells designed to receive its message. These cells are called target cells. • When the hormone reaches its target cell, it locks onto the cell's speci ...
Learning objectives
Learning objectives

... Chemical Signals and Their Modes of Action 1. Distinguish between hormones and local regulators. 2. Distinguish between paracrine and autocrine signals. 3. Define and give an example of a neurohormone. 4. List the three major classes of molecules that function as hormones. 5. Describe the evidence t ...
Learning objectives
Learning objectives

... Chemical Signals and Their Modes of Action 1. Distinguish between hormones and local regulators. 2. Distinguish between paracrine and autocrine signals. 3. Define and give an example of a neurohormone. 4. List the three major classes of molecules that function as hormones. 5. Describe the evidence t ...
Endocrine System
Endocrine System

...  Insulin is required for the intake of glucose in cells and prevents the excess breakdown of glycogen.  If insulin is lacking, one outcome is the passing of glucose in the urine.  This is called diabetes mellitus.  This can cause coma because the brain needs glucose.  Synthetic Insulin is now a ...
REGULATION cont. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
REGULATION cont. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

... Feedback responses can be simple or ...
Hormone Nutrition
Hormone Nutrition

... hormone responsible for metabolism. Cortisol itself inhibits the conversion of the Thyroid hormones from their inactive form to their active form. In short, the stress response inhibits Thyroid function, and prolonged or frequent adrenal action, as seen in drug use, may have implications for the Thy ...
patient glossary
patient glossary

... A condition whereby undeveloped follicles (cysts) form within the ovaries. It is seen in women with high estrogen and low progesterone levels, and/or high androgen (testosterone) and insulin levels. PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) A set of physical and emotional symptoms that stem from hormonal imbalanc ...
What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine
What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine

...  Increases levels of blood glucose, accelerates protein metabolism, produces anti-imflammatory effect. ...
The endocrine system helps regulate body conditions
The endocrine system helps regulate body conditions

... The endocrine system helps regulate body conditions. 1. Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers. Hormones are chemicals made in one organ to trigger response in another organ. The endocrine system uses hormones to control conditions in the body. 2. Glands produce and release hormones.  The pitu ...
The Endocrine System Recall What are hormones? The endocrine s
The Endocrine System Recall What are hormones? The endocrine s

... Differences in membrane solubility mean that protein and steroid hormones act on cells in different ways y Protein hormones  hormone interacts with a receptor on the th target ...
Hormones in Animals
Hormones in Animals

... The hypothalamus can regulate physiological activity via three routes: •Via the autonomic nervous system e.g. via the release of adrenaline by the adrenal medulla •Neurones in the hypothalamus produce releasing hormones into the blood portal system causing the release of hormones by specific cells ...
Aquaculture: Genetics
Aquaculture: Genetics

... -sex reversal (apply during sexual differentiation tilapia, walleye, yellow perch -can be used to sterilize fish (monosex population) -can be given orally (food) 6) Estradiol -all female fish possible when used at the right time... ...
Hormones general characteristics, classification
Hormones general characteristics, classification

... Hormones – organic biologically active compounds of different chemical nature that are produced by the endocrine glands, enter directly into blood and accomplish humoral regulation of the metabolism of compounds and functions on the organism level. Hormonoids (tissue hormones) – compounds that are ...
Hormones: definition - a chemical signal released into body fluids
Hormones: definition - a chemical signal released into body fluids

... Hormones: definition - a chemical signal released into body fluids. Generally this regulates or causes a specific action. Usually, only specific cells known as target cells will respond, but some hormones can affect many different systems: A simple example: Adrenal gland -> epinephrine -> ...
Endocrine Problems after Childhood Cancer: Hypopituitarism
Endocrine Problems after Childhood Cancer: Hypopituitarism

... The endocrine system is a group of glands that regulate many body functions including growth, puberty, energy level, urine production, and stress response. Glands of the endocrine system include the pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries (in females), and testes (in males). Th ...
Reproductive & Endocrine Notes
Reproductive & Endocrine Notes

... 1. Ovaries: Create eggs and female hormone called estrogen 2. Fallopian tubes: Carry eggs from ovaries to uterus 3. Uterus: muscular organ that houses egg if it becomes fertilized 4. Vagina: (birth canal) muscular organ that delivers the baby ...
Endocrine System
Endocrine System

... Glands -small organs that make chemicals to help your body function in many ways. Growth hormones -chemicals causing bones, muscles and other organs to grow. Hormones-chemicals that tell your body when/how to function. Insulin- hormone that controls how your body uses sugar. Mammary Glands-found in ...
ch 45 clicker questions
ch 45 clicker questions

... In the chemical communication system of the developing insect, the larval forms are most likely to persist in those individuals that have high levels of a) juvenile hormone. b) ecdysteroid hormones. c) prothoraciotropic hormone. ...
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS – CHAPTER 27
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS – CHAPTER 27

... With reference to hormone actions, what is meant by the terms autocrine, paracrine and endocrine? (pp. 637–638) The three terms generally refer to the distance the target is away from the secreting cell. Autocrine hormones interact with receptors on the surface of the same cell that was responsible ...
The Endocrine System - Appoquinimink High School
The Endocrine System - Appoquinimink High School

... • the most common being elevated blood pressure, especially in those with preexisting hypertension, and harmful changes in cholesterol levels, • have been shown to alter fasting blood sugar and glucose tolerance tests • increase the risk of cardiovascular disease or coronary artery disease ...
bio12_sm_10_2
bio12_sm_10_2

... 1. The hormones primarily responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body are thyroid hormones. 2. The hormones that help the body respond to stress are the adrenal hormones. 3. The function of the posterior pituitary gland differs from the function of the anterior pituitary gland in that the ...
to Endocrinology Introduction ppt
to Endocrinology Introduction ppt

... into the extracellular fluid and can function as autocrines, paracrines, or endocrine hormones. Examples of cytokines include the interleukins and other lymphokines that are secreted by helper cells and act on other cells of the immune system .Cytokine hormones (e.g., leptin) produced by adipocytes ...
Topic #7 -- introduction to the endocrine system
Topic #7 -- introduction to the endocrine system

... Hormone: specialized, specific chemical substances synthesized by specialized tissues that are secreted into and carried by the blood stream to target organs and cells where they produce specific biological effects. How to study the endocrine system: Where appropriate, understand the following point ...
29.6 The Endocrine System and Hormones
29.6 The Endocrine System and Hormones

... – a structure of both the nervous and endocrine systems – produces releasing hormones, sent to pituitary gland ...
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Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy

Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), also known as bioidentical hormone therapy or natural hormone therapy, is a poorly defined term referring to the use of hormones that are identical, on a molecular level, with endogenous hormones in hormone replacement therapy. The term is also associated with pharmacy compounding, blood or saliva testing, efforts to reach a targeted level of hormones in the body (as established through blood or saliva testing) and unfounded claims of safety and efficacy. Specific hormones used in BHRT include estrone, estradiol, progesterone (which are available both in FDA-approved manufactured products and as pharmacy-compounded products), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (both products have more limited availability and approval in Canada and the United States) and estriol (which is available in Europe but is not approved in Canada and the United States).Custom-compounded BHRT is a practice almost wholly restricted to the United States. BHRT is a form of alternative medicine, and has been promoted as a panacea for many diseases rather than a means of relieving the symptoms of menopause and/or reducing the risk of osteoporosis (the goals of traditional hormone replacement therapy). There is no evidence to support these claims; the hormones are expected to have the same risks and benefits of comparable approved drugs for which there is an evidence base and extensive research and regulation. The exception is progesterone, which may have an improved safety profile, though direct comparisons with progestins have not been made. Bioidentical hormones may also present extra risks, due to the process of compounding. In addition, the accuracy and efficacy of saliva testing has not been definitively proven, and the long-term effects of using blood testing to reach target levels of hormones have not been researched.The International Menopause Society, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, The Endocrine Society, the North American Menopause Society (NAMS), United States Food and Drug Administration, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Medical Association, American Cancer Society and the Mayo Clinic have released statements that there is a lack of evidence that the benefits and risks of bioidentical hormones are different from well-studied nonbioidentical counterparts; until such evidence is produced the risks should be treated as if they were similar; and that compounded hormone products may have additional risks related to compounding. A major safety concern in bioidentical hormone replacement therapy is that there is no requirement to include package inserts, despite the potential for serious adverse effects (including life-threatening adverse effects) associated with HRT. This can lead to consumers' being deceived (and harmed), as they are misled into believing that BHRT is safe and has no side effects. Regulatory bodies require pharmacies to include important safety information with conventional hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) via package inserts.
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