Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Fauna
... species composition and fuel arrays over large areas, subsequent fires without prior fuel modification are unlikely to restore presettlement vegetation and habitat. In many desert and semidesert habitats where fire historically burned infrequently because of sparse fuels, invasion of weedy species h ...
... species composition and fuel arrays over large areas, subsequent fires without prior fuel modification are unlikely to restore presettlement vegetation and habitat. In many desert and semidesert habitats where fire historically burned infrequently because of sparse fuels, invasion of weedy species h ...
Primary producers sustaining macro-invertebrate
... and (2) a consistent degree of fractionation occurs between the isotopic signal of the diet and that of the consumer. For δ13C, a small or negligible enrichment of on average 0–1‰ has been found to occur (DeNiro and Epstein 1978). For δ15N, a higher fractionation of on average 2.6‰ (Owens 1987) to 3 ...
... and (2) a consistent degree of fractionation occurs between the isotopic signal of the diet and that of the consumer. For δ13C, a small or negligible enrichment of on average 0–1‰ has been found to occur (DeNiro and Epstein 1978). For δ15N, a higher fractionation of on average 2.6‰ (Owens 1987) to 3 ...
antagonistic interactions between plant competition and insect
... Abstract. Interspecific competition between plants and herbivory by specialized insects can have synergistic effects on the growth and performance of the attacked host plant. We tested the hypothesis that competition between plants may also negatively affect the performance of herbivores as well as t ...
... Abstract. Interspecific competition between plants and herbivory by specialized insects can have synergistic effects on the growth and performance of the attacked host plant. We tested the hypothesis that competition between plants may also negatively affect the performance of herbivores as well as t ...
effects of interspecific competition and multiple predators
... Predators can also affect their prey indirectly, by their mere presence. Prey can detect the presence of a predator from a variety of signs, visual, auditory or olfactory, and use them as cues to estimate current risk level and respond accordingly. Preisser et al. (2005) suggest that resulting indir ...
... Predators can also affect their prey indirectly, by their mere presence. Prey can detect the presence of a predator from a variety of signs, visual, auditory or olfactory, and use them as cues to estimate current risk level and respond accordingly. Preisser et al. (2005) suggest that resulting indir ...
South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy
... IBRA subregions and may include up to five landforms and 10 vegetation associations. Regional ecosystem: Thurlga landsystem – String of salt lakes with fringing woodland and bladder saltbush shrubland. Landsystem Regional Ecosystem ...
... IBRA subregions and may include up to five landforms and 10 vegetation associations. Regional ecosystem: Thurlga landsystem – String of salt lakes with fringing woodland and bladder saltbush shrubland. Landsystem Regional Ecosystem ...
Chapter 4 – BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
... success to control several introduced species of Opuntia in Australia and several Caribbean islands, and then spread inadvertently to Florida where it is damaging native Opuntia species. It was first was released in Australia in 1925, and later to South Africa and to the islands of Nevis (1957), Mon ...
... success to control several introduced species of Opuntia in Australia and several Caribbean islands, and then spread inadvertently to Florida where it is damaging native Opuntia species. It was first was released in Australia in 1925, and later to South Africa and to the islands of Nevis (1957), Mon ...
Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Fauna
... species composition and fuel arrays over large areas, subsequent fires without prior fuel modification are unlikely to restore presettlement vegetation and habitat. In many desert and semidesert habitats where fire historically burned infrequently because of sparse fuels, invasion of weedy species h ...
... species composition and fuel arrays over large areas, subsequent fires without prior fuel modification are unlikely to restore presettlement vegetation and habitat. In many desert and semidesert habitats where fire historically burned infrequently because of sparse fuels, invasion of weedy species h ...
Differences in soft-sediment macrobenthic - Research Online
... redox potential (and associated chemical changes) may explain patterns in abundance of infauna among habitats. Our findings indicate that invasion by C. taxifolia causes important changes to soft-sediment macroinvertebrate assemblages and suggest that infauna may be particularly vulnerable to invasi ...
... redox potential (and associated chemical changes) may explain patterns in abundance of infauna among habitats. Our findings indicate that invasion by C. taxifolia causes important changes to soft-sediment macroinvertebrate assemblages and suggest that infauna may be particularly vulnerable to invasi ...
Herbivores, resources and risks: alternating regulation along
... contrast, sandy soils of granitic origin are low in nutrients, and result in fibrous plants that ...
... contrast, sandy soils of granitic origin are low in nutrients, and result in fibrous plants that ...
STATUS OF RARE WOODLAND PLANTS AND LICHENS 1.0
... Coppicing produces particularly species rich, if temporary, communities (Rackham, 2003). Coppicing was a fundamental part of the character of lowland woodlands for centuries before the decline of the practice. It produces flushes of freely flowering woodland species and more weedy species, neither o ...
... Coppicing produces particularly species rich, if temporary, communities (Rackham, 2003). Coppicing was a fundamental part of the character of lowland woodlands for centuries before the decline of the practice. It produces flushes of freely flowering woodland species and more weedy species, neither o ...
Plant ectoparasitic nematodes prefer roots without their microbial
... key root herbivores in natural coastal foredunes. They are able to strongly decrease the biomass of A. arenaria (de Rooij van der Goes 1995a), if not controlled by their microbial enemies (Piśkiewicz et al. 2007). In the field T. ventralis usually does not reach population levels that can affect pla ...
... key root herbivores in natural coastal foredunes. They are able to strongly decrease the biomass of A. arenaria (de Rooij van der Goes 1995a), if not controlled by their microbial enemies (Piśkiewicz et al. 2007). In the field T. ventralis usually does not reach population levels that can affect pla ...
Trophic ecology of meiofauna: Francisco J.A. Nascimento
... 2. INTRODUCTION One of the fundamental goals of ecology is to understand the processes that determine the abundance and distribution of species, and hence the composition of biological communities. As soft bottoms cover 70% of our planet’s surface, regulation of animal communities in these habitats ...
... 2. INTRODUCTION One of the fundamental goals of ecology is to understand the processes that determine the abundance and distribution of species, and hence the composition of biological communities. As soft bottoms cover 70% of our planet’s surface, regulation of animal communities in these habitats ...
The value of field margins for farmland birds
... have survived until today have to a greater or lesser degree been able to handle anthropogenic influences. One could argue that presently there is no place left in this world that is not to some extent influenced by humans, but in some habitats this influence is most pronounced. One of these habitat ...
... have survived until today have to a greater or lesser degree been able to handle anthropogenic influences. One could argue that presently there is no place left in this world that is not to some extent influenced by humans, but in some habitats this influence is most pronounced. One of these habitat ...
Conservation Biology for All
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
Meta-analysis on the effect of competition between lynx
... and changes in bioclimatic effects on ecosystem productivity and anthropogenic habitat change can also explain sudden changes in prey densities and the ecosystem. Up to now, it is unknown how the re-establishments of lynx and wolf will affect differences in trophic interactions in Europe. Studies on ...
... and changes in bioclimatic effects on ecosystem productivity and anthropogenic habitat change can also explain sudden changes in prey densities and the ecosystem. Up to now, it is unknown how the re-establishments of lynx and wolf will affect differences in trophic interactions in Europe. Studies on ...
GIANT TORTOISE - Galapagos Conservancy
... in previously unexplored areas. During each expedition, potentially as many as 100 tortoises (known Pinta/Floreana tortoises, as well as un-sampled tortoises with similar morphology) will be transported by helicopter to a holding pen near the northern Isabela coast, where blood samples will be taken ...
... in previously unexplored areas. During each expedition, potentially as many as 100 tortoises (known Pinta/Floreana tortoises, as well as un-sampled tortoises with similar morphology) will be transported by helicopter to a holding pen near the northern Isabela coast, where blood samples will be taken ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 282:87
... and grazer studies, we used a fixed-effects model, which assumes that all studies with similar characteristics have a single, true effect size in common (Gurevitch & Hedges 1999, 2001). If there was significant variation in effect sizes within nutrients or grazers, we divided them into categories an ...
... and grazer studies, we used a fixed-effects model, which assumes that all studies with similar characteristics have a single, true effect size in common (Gurevitch & Hedges 1999, 2001). If there was significant variation in effect sizes within nutrients or grazers, we divided them into categories an ...
Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Small Streams
... 1. Chadwick MA and Huryn AD (2005) Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnology and Oceanography 50: 228–236. 2. Gaines WL, Cushing CE, and Smith SD (1992) Secondary production estimates of benthic insects in three cold desert strea ...
... 1. Chadwick MA and Huryn AD (2005) Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnology and Oceanography 50: 228–236. 2. Gaines WL, Cushing CE, and Smith SD (1992) Secondary production estimates of benthic insects in three cold desert strea ...
tropics
... • One way to predict future global climate change is to study previous changes • As glaciers began retreating 16,000 years ago, tree distribution patterns changed • As climate changes, species that have difficulty dispersing may have smaller ranges or could become extinct Copyright © 2008 Pearson Ed ...
... • One way to predict future global climate change is to study previous changes • As glaciers began retreating 16,000 years ago, tree distribution patterns changed • As climate changes, species that have difficulty dispersing may have smaller ranges or could become extinct Copyright © 2008 Pearson Ed ...
Conceptual issues in local adaptation
... showing a similar degree of adaptation to all habitats; (ii) a single specialist phenotype optimally adapted to one habitat (usually the habitat that is most frequently encountered or of highest quality) and poorly adapted to other habitats; and (iii) a set of specialist phenotypes each maximizing f ...
... showing a similar degree of adaptation to all habitats; (ii) a single specialist phenotype optimally adapted to one habitat (usually the habitat that is most frequently encountered or of highest quality) and poorly adapted to other habitats; and (iii) a set of specialist phenotypes each maximizing f ...
SCHULZE, PETER C., HORACIO E. ZAGARESE, AND CRAIG E
... Hessen and Andersen 1992), material excreted by Daphnia is likely to have a higher N : P ratio than material excreted by Diaptomus, and this may affect competitive relationships among the phytoplankton (Elser et al. 1988; Sterner 1990). Finally, vertebrate predators tend to prey more rapidly on Daph ...
... Hessen and Andersen 1992), material excreted by Daphnia is likely to have a higher N : P ratio than material excreted by Diaptomus, and this may affect competitive relationships among the phytoplankton (Elser et al. 1988; Sterner 1990). Finally, vertebrate predators tend to prey more rapidly on Daph ...
A Discussion Paper
... within all life forms, from the smallest molecular organizations in soils to the unabated complexities of life forms within entire ecosystems (Wilson, 1999). Biodiversity contributes to a relentless and often invisible ecosystem service that is provided within atmospheric, hydrologic and biogeochemi ...
... within all life forms, from the smallest molecular organizations in soils to the unabated complexities of life forms within entire ecosystems (Wilson, 1999). Biodiversity contributes to a relentless and often invisible ecosystem service that is provided within atmospheric, hydrologic and biogeochemi ...
Understanding broad-scale vegetation patterns Abst
... Plant functional trait research was born to address this grand challenge. First, there is now solid evidence that functional properties of vegetation such as community mean leaf nitrogen or fibre content or properties as simple as mean plant height control a series of processes involved in carbon an ...
... Plant functional trait research was born to address this grand challenge. First, there is now solid evidence that functional properties of vegetation such as community mean leaf nitrogen or fibre content or properties as simple as mean plant height control a series of processes involved in carbon an ...
Lythrum salicaria invasiveness, impacts and regulation implications
... Bailey 1976 study is over 30 years old ample time has been given for Lythrum varieties to adapt to colder climates. Some gardeners argue that Lythrum varieties in interior Alaska behave as annuals due to the cold temperatures. Annual and biennials are also known to be invasive often due to copious s ...
... Bailey 1976 study is over 30 years old ample time has been given for Lythrum varieties to adapt to colder climates. Some gardeners argue that Lythrum varieties in interior Alaska behave as annuals due to the cold temperatures. Annual and biennials are also known to be invasive often due to copious s ...
the global 200
... these MHTs and for some ecoregions of subSaharan Africa, we gave greater weight to extraordinary ecological phenomena—in these cases, examples of extensive intact habitats and large vertebrate assemblages, particularly those that still sustain top predators, large herbivores, and larger frugivores t ...
... these MHTs and for some ecoregions of subSaharan Africa, we gave greater weight to extraordinary ecological phenomena—in these cases, examples of extensive intact habitats and large vertebrate assemblages, particularly those that still sustain top predators, large herbivores, and larger frugivores t ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.