Schluter TREE 2001
... The ecological hypothesis of speciation is that reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection on traits between environments. Ecological speciation is general and might occur in allopatry or sympatry, involve many agents of natural selection, and result fr ...
... The ecological hypothesis of speciation is that reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection on traits between environments. Ecological speciation is general and might occur in allopatry or sympatry, involve many agents of natural selection, and result fr ...
Impact of global change on biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles
... Stephan Unger (1), Cristina Maguas (2), Joao S.Pereira (3), Teresa S. David (4), Luis Aires (5) & Cchristiane Werner (1)..................................................................................................................... 74 Functional diversity of Central European tree species – Tra ...
... Stephan Unger (1), Cristina Maguas (2), Joao S.Pereira (3), Teresa S. David (4), Luis Aires (5) & Cchristiane Werner (1)..................................................................................................................... 74 Functional diversity of Central European tree species – Tra ...
The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants Revisited: A Re
... terrestrial ecosystems is N-limited (DiTomasso and Aarssen, 1989; Bridgham et al., 1995; Shaver and Chapin, 1995; Wassen et al., 1995) despite the widespread occurrence of biological N,- fixation (Vitousek and Howarth, 1991). Vitousek and Howarth (199 1) explain the relatively minor contribution of ...
... terrestrial ecosystems is N-limited (DiTomasso and Aarssen, 1989; Bridgham et al., 1995; Shaver and Chapin, 1995; Wassen et al., 1995) despite the widespread occurrence of biological N,- fixation (Vitousek and Howarth, 1991). Vitousek and Howarth (199 1) explain the relatively minor contribution of ...
The characteristics and success of vertebrate translocations within
... The bird species most translocated included Noisy Scrub Bird, Malleefowl, Bush Thick-knee, Orange bellied Parrot, Black-eared Miner, and Helmeted Honeyeater. All, bar the Bush Thick-knee are threatened at the national level. Roughly equal numbers of individuals of threatened and non-threatened bird ...
... The bird species most translocated included Noisy Scrub Bird, Malleefowl, Bush Thick-knee, Orange bellied Parrot, Black-eared Miner, and Helmeted Honeyeater. All, bar the Bush Thick-knee are threatened at the national level. Roughly equal numbers of individuals of threatened and non-threatened bird ...
Independent Study - incredible world
... Moose populations are not at risk in Canada. Moose population numbers mostly fluctuate in relation to food availability, disease, hunting pressure. Where predation and hunting are limited, moose numbers may increase to the point where food is inadequate. Under these conditions, many animals starve ...
... Moose populations are not at risk in Canada. Moose population numbers mostly fluctuate in relation to food availability, disease, hunting pressure. Where predation and hunting are limited, moose numbers may increase to the point where food is inadequate. Under these conditions, many animals starve ...
Changes in composition and abundance of functional groups of
... in microbial decomposition rates [21]. However, distinct species-specific responses to warming were revealed also in saprotrophic taxa. In this paper, we provide evidence that long-term experimental summer warming has profound effects on community composition and abundance of functional groups of ar ...
... in microbial decomposition rates [21]. However, distinct species-specific responses to warming were revealed also in saprotrophic taxa. In this paper, we provide evidence that long-term experimental summer warming has profound effects on community composition and abundance of functional groups of ar ...
Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Kenya
... Biodiversity is best defined by patterns we see in the world around us and these patterns are the raw material for understanding biological diversity (Huston, 1994). Patterns of species diversity have long been of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, but explanation of these patterns remains ...
... Biodiversity is best defined by patterns we see in the world around us and these patterns are the raw material for understanding biological diversity (Huston, 1994). Patterns of species diversity have long been of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, but explanation of these patterns remains ...
coastal and sub-coastal floodplain lakes
... lakes can vary year to year and can influence how long they are wet or dry, fresh or saline. Although inflowing water to lakes (from rainwater) is fresh, certain lakes may become brackish or saline over time as they dry out, resulting in significant changes to water quality. Some lakes are also natu ...
... lakes can vary year to year and can influence how long they are wet or dry, fresh or saline. Although inflowing water to lakes (from rainwater) is fresh, certain lakes may become brackish or saline over time as they dry out, resulting in significant changes to water quality. Some lakes are also natu ...
Do delayed effects of overgrazing explain population cycles in voles?
... vole dynamics were experimentally tested, the results have been controversial. Deleterious impacts of previously high density and grazing on the reproduction and body growth rate of field voles (Microtus agrestis L.) in southern Sweden was reported by Agrell et al. (1995), whereas similar field expe ...
... vole dynamics were experimentally tested, the results have been controversial. Deleterious impacts of previously high density and grazing on the reproduction and body growth rate of field voles (Microtus agrestis L.) in southern Sweden was reported by Agrell et al. (1995), whereas similar field expe ...
Quapaw Traditional Lifeways Scenario
... result in exposure to each medium. For example, by estimating the relative amount of time spent in activities that result in high, medium, or low soil contact rates for each activity category, an overall soil ingestion rate was estimated. However, we did not attempt to be overly quantitative in enum ...
... result in exposure to each medium. For example, by estimating the relative amount of time spent in activities that result in high, medium, or low soil contact rates for each activity category, an overall soil ingestion rate was estimated. However, we did not attempt to be overly quantitative in enum ...
Community dynamics of ephemeral systems: food web
... concentration of playas, many other regions have similar habitats. One reason why these ecosystems have been studied less than similar habitats, such as the vernal pools of California, is their unpredictability. Many playas exist in quite arid regions, where rainfall patterns are highly isolated and ...
... concentration of playas, many other regions have similar habitats. One reason why these ecosystems have been studied less than similar habitats, such as the vernal pools of California, is their unpredictability. Many playas exist in quite arid regions, where rainfall patterns are highly isolated and ...
KATARINA OGANJAN Distribution, feeding and
... ‘reefs’ habitat type (habitat type code 1170), acting there as reef forming species. ‘Reefs’ are a marine habitat of conservation importance and protection under Annex I of the HD (Paal, 2007). Habitat is of great conservation value due to the structuring role it plays in the areas with higher hydro ...
... ‘reefs’ habitat type (habitat type code 1170), acting there as reef forming species. ‘Reefs’ are a marine habitat of conservation importance and protection under Annex I of the HD (Paal, 2007). Habitat is of great conservation value due to the structuring role it plays in the areas with higher hydro ...
The vegetation of Omusati and Oshana Regions, central
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
The vegetation of Omusati and Oshana Regions, central- northern Namibia by
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
Invertebrate herbivory, plant diversity and ecosystem processes in
... 1.2 Rise and fall of present-day biodiversity...........................................................................................7 1.3 Biodiversity, and ecosystem processes, services and functions.........................................................8 1.4 Biodiversity and herbivory........ ...
... 1.2 Rise and fall of present-day biodiversity...........................................................................................7 1.3 Biodiversity, and ecosystem processes, services and functions.........................................................8 1.4 Biodiversity and herbivory........ ...
Leaf gas exchange responses of 13 prairie grassland
... year. Therefore, plot was the experimental unit used in ANOVA. For each of the nine variables analysed (Table 2), data from species measured in both 1998 and 1999 were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA including year in the model. Year as a main effect was significant (P < 0.01) for seven of the n ...
... year. Therefore, plot was the experimental unit used in ANOVA. For each of the nine variables analysed (Table 2), data from species measured in both 1998 and 1999 were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA including year in the model. Year as a main effect was significant (P < 0.01) for seven of the n ...
Alternative Stable States Generated by Ontogenetic Niche
... feedback that leads to a situation in which the system converges to either a juvenile- or an adult-dominated state, depending on the initial conditions (see also a review by [14] for details on densitydependent population regulation in stage-structured models). The existence of ASS has important imp ...
... feedback that leads to a situation in which the system converges to either a juvenile- or an adult-dominated state, depending on the initial conditions (see also a review by [14] for details on densitydependent population regulation in stage-structured models). The existence of ASS has important imp ...
PDF
... food is often of low-quality for a variety of organisms including molluscs (Stelzer and Lamberti, 2002; Fink and Elert, 2006), crustaceans (Boersma and Kreutzer, 2002; Meunier et al., 2012, 2016a), insects (Perkins et al., 2004), fish (Borlongan and Satoh, 2001; Vrede et al., 2011), and birds (Grone ...
... food is often of low-quality for a variety of organisms including molluscs (Stelzer and Lamberti, 2002; Fink and Elert, 2006), crustaceans (Boersma and Kreutzer, 2002; Meunier et al., 2012, 2016a), insects (Perkins et al., 2004), fish (Borlongan and Satoh, 2001; Vrede et al., 2011), and birds (Grone ...
Ogasawara Islands Ecosystem Conservation Action Plan
... ・ Black rats have impacted native flora and fauna such as endemic land snails. The black rat is also considered to play a role in inhibiting vegetation recovery on islands where feral goat eradication had been completed. Black rat elimination was initiated on Nishijima in FY 2007. In FY 2008, elimin ...
... ・ Black rats have impacted native flora and fauna such as endemic land snails. The black rat is also considered to play a role in inhibiting vegetation recovery on islands where feral goat eradication had been completed. Black rat elimination was initiated on Nishijima in FY 2007. In FY 2008, elimin ...
Impact of Cattle Grazing on the Smith`s Blue Butterfly, Its Host Plant
... most dominant species, an exotic annual grass (Bromus diandrus), which may have long-term implications about the persistence of this competitive dominant in grazed systems. Two hypotheses might explain the lack of response in native species; they may have life history characteristics that prevented ...
... most dominant species, an exotic annual grass (Bromus diandrus), which may have long-term implications about the persistence of this competitive dominant in grazed systems. Two hypotheses might explain the lack of response in native species; they may have life history characteristics that prevented ...
Community ecology and logging responses of Southeast Asian
... old-growth forests. For about 15 seconds Dr Jan Wattel, curator of the bird collection at the museum and my supervisor, stopped by to tell me that the Netherlands Science Foundation (NWO) had issued a call for proposals. NWO was inviting proposals for research on groups of plants or animals that had ...
... old-growth forests. For about 15 seconds Dr Jan Wattel, curator of the bird collection at the museum and my supervisor, stopped by to tell me that the Netherlands Science Foundation (NWO) had issued a call for proposals. NWO was inviting proposals for research on groups of plants or animals that had ...
DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION, HABITAT VARIATION, AND
... with habitat-specific mortality patterns; (2) represents the first comprehensive field test of species-specific, habitat-specific, and density-dependent mortality for subtidal, soft-bottom, deep-burrowing prey; and (3) thereby enables development of a conceptual model to be used as a heuristic tool ...
... with habitat-specific mortality patterns; (2) represents the first comprehensive field test of species-specific, habitat-specific, and density-dependent mortality for subtidal, soft-bottom, deep-burrowing prey; and (3) thereby enables development of a conceptual model to be used as a heuristic tool ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks
... a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence of other traits, or selection may directly favor the evolution of reproductive isolation. Ecological speciation is ad ...
... a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence of other traits, or selection may directly favor the evolution of reproductive isolation. Ecological speciation is ad ...
Document
... Moves between organisms and atmosphere due to photosynthesis and respiration In aquatic ecosystems, CO2 dissolves into water – then used by primary producers Although some C cycles rapidly, some remains stored in unavailable forms for long time ...
... Moves between organisms and atmosphere due to photosynthesis and respiration In aquatic ecosystems, CO2 dissolves into water – then used by primary producers Although some C cycles rapidly, some remains stored in unavailable forms for long time ...
Advances of mixed forest litter decomposition researches
... quantity in the fermented layer of mixed forest is almost twice that Quercus variabilis forest. Although tree species is different in this mixed and pure forest, it partly showed that litter mixed decomposition provides a series of favorable and essential conditions for fungi growth, and accelerate ...
... quantity in the fermented layer of mixed forest is almost twice that Quercus variabilis forest. Although tree species is different in this mixed and pure forest, it partly showed that litter mixed decomposition provides a series of favorable and essential conditions for fungi growth, and accelerate ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.