Year-to-year variation in plant competition in a mountain grassland
... these experiments, however, are designed to assess the effect of the change of averages of specific climatic variables; this may predict change of species composition under different climate scenarios, but does not assess the role of climatic variation itself for species coexistence. Recent analyses ...
... these experiments, however, are designed to assess the effect of the change of averages of specific climatic variables; this may predict change of species composition under different climate scenarios, but does not assess the role of climatic variation itself for species coexistence. Recent analyses ...
Aves (Birds): Strigiformes, Strigidae Burrowing Owl (Athene
... wintering burrowing owls, followed by New Mexico, Florida, Arizona, and Texas, respectively [36]….southern California have year-round burrowing owl residents as well as winter migrants [28]. (From Howard 1996) Factors in population decline: Intensive agriculture or development results in loss of bur ...
... wintering burrowing owls, followed by New Mexico, Florida, Arizona, and Texas, respectively [36]….southern California have year-round burrowing owl residents as well as winter migrants [28]. (From Howard 1996) Factors in population decline: Intensive agriculture or development results in loss of bur ...
Key Elements of Biodiversity in British Columbia
... Key Elements of Biodiversity in BC: Some Examples from Freshwater and Aquatic Realms, R. Holt and T. Hadfield. May 2007 ...
... Key Elements of Biodiversity in BC: Some Examples from Freshwater and Aquatic Realms, R. Holt and T. Hadfield. May 2007 ...
conceptual synthesis in community ecology
... between functionally distinct species and their environments, i.e., selection. Initial developments of mathematical theory in community ecology occurred decades earlier (e.g., Lotka 1925), but by all accounts the 1960s marked the period during which theoretical development in community ecology flour ...
... between functionally distinct species and their environments, i.e., selection. Initial developments of mathematical theory in community ecology occurred decades earlier (e.g., Lotka 1925), but by all accounts the 1960s marked the period during which theoretical development in community ecology flour ...
Forest edges and habitat selection in birds: a functional approach
... detect occupancy patterns of breeding bird species with respect to edge (Howe 1984). Using this method, Taylor et al. (1987) identified several edge species in a British suburban area including the finches (Fringillidae), yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella, and green woodpecker Picus viridis. A summa ...
... detect occupancy patterns of breeding bird species with respect to edge (Howe 1984). Using this method, Taylor et al. (1987) identified several edge species in a British suburban area including the finches (Fringillidae), yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella, and green woodpecker Picus viridis. A summa ...
WHY MAPPING ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES IS A MUST IN EU
... Target 2. But first, there is a need to understand what is meant by the term “biodiversity”. It’s well known that it means the variety of all life on earth, plays the most important role in the structural set-up of ecosystems which is crucial in maintaining basic ecosystem processes, but in reality ...
... Target 2. But first, there is a need to understand what is meant by the term “biodiversity”. It’s well known that it means the variety of all life on earth, plays the most important role in the structural set-up of ecosystems which is crucial in maintaining basic ecosystem processes, but in reality ...
UK Overseas Territories and Crown Dependiences: 2011
... Climate change: Rising sea temperatures and the threat of more frequent and intense hurricanes have already caused a degradation in the health of coral reefs and coastal mangrove vegetation. Land use and human impacts: The main threats to native ecosystems and biodiversity in Anguilla is the growing ...
... Climate change: Rising sea temperatures and the threat of more frequent and intense hurricanes have already caused a degradation in the health of coral reefs and coastal mangrove vegetation. Land use and human impacts: The main threats to native ecosystems and biodiversity in Anguilla is the growing ...
Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species
... Abstract Evidence concerning mechanisms hypothesized to explain species coexistence in hyper-diverse communities is reviewed for tropical forest plants. Three hypotheses receive strong support. Niche differences are evident from non-random spatial distributions along micro-topographic gradients and ...
... Abstract Evidence concerning mechanisms hypothesized to explain species coexistence in hyper-diverse communities is reviewed for tropical forest plants. Three hypotheses receive strong support. Niche differences are evident from non-random spatial distributions along micro-topographic gradients and ...
Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling
... from those in deeper soil. Encystment involves partial dehydration of the cytoplasm and the secretion of a cellulosic, chitin, or protein cell wall outside the cell membrane. Cysts are also resistant to temperatures outside the range tolerated by the active cells, because of the stabilization of pro ...
... from those in deeper soil. Encystment involves partial dehydration of the cytoplasm and the secretion of a cellulosic, chitin, or protein cell wall outside the cell membrane. Cysts are also resistant to temperatures outside the range tolerated by the active cells, because of the stabilization of pro ...
Individualscale variation, speciesscale differences: inference
... species distributions and regional climate. And: ÔWhere are all the niches in communities that appear to be dominated by only a few limiting resources?Õ Still, no models generate high diversity of competing species, unless each is explicitly guaranteed its own niche. Quantifying the strength of spec ...
... species distributions and regional climate. And: ÔWhere are all the niches in communities that appear to be dominated by only a few limiting resources?Õ Still, no models generate high diversity of competing species, unless each is explicitly guaranteed its own niche. Quantifying the strength of spec ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
... their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a landuse intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species ...
... their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a landuse intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species ...
Placing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in context
... biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research, which focuses on the influences of species richness and other biodiversity components (e.g. Balvanera et al. 2006; Cardinale et al. 2006). However, human activities often alter both biodiversity and abiotic environmental parameters simultaneously (e.g. Hu ...
... biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research, which focuses on the influences of species richness and other biodiversity components (e.g. Balvanera et al. 2006; Cardinale et al. 2006). However, human activities often alter both biodiversity and abiotic environmental parameters simultaneously (e.g. Hu ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
... their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a landuse intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species ...
... their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a landuse intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species ...
NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Procyon lotor
... In Poland, it has been allowed to hunt P. lotor all year round using livetraps since 2009. As in Germany, there seems to be little effect of the hunting on slowing down the species expansion in Poland. The EU LIFE project (2011-2014) for the waterbirds protection in five Polish national parks includ ...
... In Poland, it has been allowed to hunt P. lotor all year round using livetraps since 2009. As in Germany, there seems to be little effect of the hunting on slowing down the species expansion in Poland. The EU LIFE project (2011-2014) for the waterbirds protection in five Polish national parks includ ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Drivers of Geographic Variation in
... replicates and thus not overlap too much in species composition ( Jetz & Fine 2012). Comprehensive lists of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the resident biota must be available for these regions as well as accurate region-wide data on the various drivers hypothesized to drive diversi ...
... replicates and thus not overlap too much in species composition ( Jetz & Fine 2012). Comprehensive lists of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the resident biota must be available for these regions as well as accurate region-wide data on the various drivers hypothesized to drive diversi ...
Generalities in grazing and browsing ecology du Toit, Johan T
... rule. Such examples fit within the conceptual framework of across-guild comparisons (Fig. 1) yet that general approach has not previously been formalized for controlling the contingency problem in community ecology. Here we demonstrate the utility of the framework for clarifying generalities in graz ...
... rule. Such examples fit within the conceptual framework of across-guild comparisons (Fig. 1) yet that general approach has not previously been formalized for controlling the contingency problem in community ecology. Here we demonstrate the utility of the framework for clarifying generalities in graz ...
The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well
... which we live. They can help ensure the flow of clean water and protect us from flooding or other hazards like soil erosion, land-slips and tsunamis. They can even contribute to our spiritual well-being, through their cultural or religious significance or the opportunities they provide for recreatio ...
... which we live. They can help ensure the flow of clean water and protect us from flooding or other hazards like soil erosion, land-slips and tsunamis. They can even contribute to our spiritual well-being, through their cultural or religious significance or the opportunities they provide for recreatio ...
ORN_chap3
... species with disjunct distributions in continuous habitat • likely explanation for present discontinuities: during past climatic extreme, species were confined to remaining isolated refuges of habitat; with improvement in climate they spread less rapidly than habitat (some tropical species) • some s ...
... species with disjunct distributions in continuous habitat • likely explanation for present discontinuities: during past climatic extreme, species were confined to remaining isolated refuges of habitat; with improvement in climate they spread less rapidly than habitat (some tropical species) • some s ...
Krebs 2010 book chapter
... systems under study. The great progress that ecology has made in the last century rests firmly on ...
... systems under study. The great progress that ecology has made in the last century rests firmly on ...
Form 1 (name of the territorial authority of the Ministry of Natural
... Description of boundaries of wild flora place of growth ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. Description of wild flora place of growth _____________________________ ...
... Description of boundaries of wild flora place of growth ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. Description of wild flora place of growth _____________________________ ...
Historical land use and environmental determinants
... nonnative species distributions in the coastal region of southern New England and adjacent New York. The region is unified by similar geological and climatic conditions, and broadly similar histories of human and natural disturbance (Eberhardt et al., 2003; Foster and Motzkin, 2003; Motzkin et al., ...
... nonnative species distributions in the coastal region of southern New England and adjacent New York. The region is unified by similar geological and climatic conditions, and broadly similar histories of human and natural disturbance (Eberhardt et al., 2003; Foster and Motzkin, 2003; Motzkin et al., ...
Seed arrival, ecological filters, and plant species richness: a meta
... of 159 plant species, Clark et al. (2007) found that populations of most species examined were seed limited, especially in disturbed microsites. Although these patterns suggest an important role for propagule supply at the population level, they do not necessarily scale-up to predictable community-l ...
... of 159 plant species, Clark et al. (2007) found that populations of most species examined were seed limited, especially in disturbed microsites. Although these patterns suggest an important role for propagule supply at the population level, they do not necessarily scale-up to predictable community-l ...
Diversity of Interactions: A Metric for Studies of Biodiversity
... The quantitative investigation of food webs therefore requires the development of sampling schemes designed to infer the properties of the complete community food web from samples that in practice represent only a portion of the community. Current quantitative food-web investigations solve this prob ...
... The quantitative investigation of food webs therefore requires the development of sampling schemes designed to infer the properties of the complete community food web from samples that in practice represent only a portion of the community. Current quantitative food-web investigations solve this prob ...
The Cronus hypothesis – extinction as a necessary and dynamic
... Abstract The incredible diversity of life on Earth veils the tumultuous history of biodiversity loss over deep time. Six mass extinction events since the Cambrian species explosion (including the current Anthropocene), and many smaller extinction spasms, have terminated 99 % of all species that have ...
... Abstract The incredible diversity of life on Earth veils the tumultuous history of biodiversity loss over deep time. Six mass extinction events since the Cambrian species explosion (including the current Anthropocene), and many smaller extinction spasms, have terminated 99 % of all species that have ...
Reconciliation ecology
Reconciliation ecology is the branch of ecology which studies ways to encourage biodiversity in human-dominated ecosystems. Michael Rosenzweig first articulated the concept in his book Win-Win Ecology, based on the theory that there is not enough area for all of earth’s biodiversity to be saved within designated nature preserves. Therefore, humans should increase biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes. By managing for biodiversity in ways that do not decrease human utility of the system, it is a ""win-win"" situation for both human use and native biodiversity. The science is based in the ecological foundation of human land-use trends and species-area relationships. It has many benefits beyond protection of biodiversity, and there are numerous examples of it around the globe. Aspects of reconciliation ecology can already be found in management legislation, but there are challenges in both public acceptance and ecological success of reconciliation attempts.