Recombinant DNA Technology
... segment of DNA in a form that can be duplicated in another cell • Requires a – Vector = carrier of DNA segment – Host = cell in which foreign DNA can be duplicated and its gene product may be synthesized ...
... segment of DNA in a form that can be duplicated in another cell • Requires a – Vector = carrier of DNA segment – Host = cell in which foreign DNA can be duplicated and its gene product may be synthesized ...
Chromosomes and DNA Packaging
... Fairly uniform, some variability Why variable if only function is packaging? ...
... Fairly uniform, some variability Why variable if only function is packaging? ...
Determining the Structure of DNA
... molecule. To visualize the answer, Watson built cardboard cutouts of the bases. Early one morning, as Watson moved the cutouts around on a tabletop, he found that the overall shape of an adenine molecule paired with a thymine molecule was similar to the overall shape of a guanine-cytosine pair. He i ...
... molecule. To visualize the answer, Watson built cardboard cutouts of the bases. Early one morning, as Watson moved the cutouts around on a tabletop, he found that the overall shape of an adenine molecule paired with a thymine molecule was similar to the overall shape of a guanine-cytosine pair. He i ...
Timeline Code DNAi Site Guide
... How is the DNA code read? Players Paul Zamecnik and Mahlon Hoagland, Sydney Brenner, Marshall Nirenberg, Marshall Nirenberg and collaborators, Har Gobind Khorana Pieces of the puzzle Breaking the code, Cell-free extracts, The genetic code, The other codons, Defining the gene Putting it together The ...
... How is the DNA code read? Players Paul Zamecnik and Mahlon Hoagland, Sydney Brenner, Marshall Nirenberg, Marshall Nirenberg and collaborators, Har Gobind Khorana Pieces of the puzzle Breaking the code, Cell-free extracts, The genetic code, The other codons, Defining the gene Putting it together The ...
1, 2, 5, 6, 7 Time: 08:00
... involved in the transcription and translation of genes. -Summarize the role of RNA polymerase in the synthesis of messenger RNA. -Describe how the code of DNA is translated into messenger RNA and is utilized to synthesize a particular protein. ...
... involved in the transcription and translation of genes. -Summarize the role of RNA polymerase in the synthesis of messenger RNA. -Describe how the code of DNA is translated into messenger RNA and is utilized to synthesize a particular protein. ...
Welcome to the Chapter 12 Test!
... get to work at your own pace. • You can discuss each answer with your table partner. • Together, you will turn in one set of answers. ...
... get to work at your own pace. • You can discuss each answer with your table partner. • Together, you will turn in one set of answers. ...
Unit 7 (Molecular Biology - DNA) Study Guide KEY
... plasmid and DNA from another source. This plasmid will also have a gene for antibiotic resistance on it. b. The second step is to introduce the fragments to the “open” plasmids for recombination to occur. i. Recombination – This is the DNA of the plasmid recombining to contain both the original plas ...
... plasmid and DNA from another source. This plasmid will also have a gene for antibiotic resistance on it. b. The second step is to introduce the fragments to the “open” plasmids for recombination to occur. i. Recombination – This is the DNA of the plasmid recombining to contain both the original plas ...
C16 DNA
... 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase discovered that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage. (Bacteriophages or phages – “bacteria eaters,” viruses that infect bacteria). 1953, James Watson (American) and Francis Crick published their 3-D model of DNA as a double helix in a 1-page paper in Nat ...
... 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase discovered that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage. (Bacteriophages or phages – “bacteria eaters,” viruses that infect bacteria). 1953, James Watson (American) and Francis Crick published their 3-D model of DNA as a double helix in a 1-page paper in Nat ...
View/Open
... X-ray Crystallography defined – Diffracted X-rays as they pass through a crystallized substance – Patterns of spots are translated by mathematical equations to define 3-D shape ...
... X-ray Crystallography defined – Diffracted X-rays as they pass through a crystallized substance – Patterns of spots are translated by mathematical equations to define 3-D shape ...
Slide 1
... Step 2: Anneal – The primers cannot bind to the DNA strands at such a high temperature, so the vial is cooled to 60°C. At this temperature, the primers bind (anneal) to the single-stranded DNA. Step 3: Extend – is to allow the DNA polymerase to extend the copy DNA strand by raising the temperature t ...
... Step 2: Anneal – The primers cannot bind to the DNA strands at such a high temperature, so the vial is cooled to 60°C. At this temperature, the primers bind (anneal) to the single-stranded DNA. Step 3: Extend – is to allow the DNA polymerase to extend the copy DNA strand by raising the temperature t ...
Only One Strand of DNA Is Translated
... and light strands, and challenged each separately with “early” mRNA and “late” mRNA. They added a DNA endonculease that degraded single-stranded DNA, so that any DNA not bound by the mRNA was degraded. They could then ask which DNA strand bound which mRNA by looking to see which gene survive the deg ...
... and light strands, and challenged each separately with “early” mRNA and “late” mRNA. They added a DNA endonculease that degraded single-stranded DNA, so that any DNA not bound by the mRNA was degraded. They could then ask which DNA strand bound which mRNA by looking to see which gene survive the deg ...
DNA
... Complimentary sequences of ssDNA will bind together to form dsDNA Temperature at which dsDNA remains together depends on percent of matching and GC content Does not yield the DNA sequence of organisms, just the sequence similarity between organisms Total genomic hybridization can be used to estimate ...
... Complimentary sequences of ssDNA will bind together to form dsDNA Temperature at which dsDNA remains together depends on percent of matching and GC content Does not yield the DNA sequence of organisms, just the sequence similarity between organisms Total genomic hybridization can be used to estimate ...
DNA Testing Submission Process
... Step 3: Order Hair Collection Envelopes from the CGA. Plain white envelopes will work as well. Be sure to write the animal ID on each envelope. Step 4: Collect samples from all animals to be tested. When pulling hair samples, it is important to make sure the follicle is present and intact at the roo ...
... Step 3: Order Hair Collection Envelopes from the CGA. Plain white envelopes will work as well. Be sure to write the animal ID on each envelope. Step 4: Collect samples from all animals to be tested. When pulling hair samples, it is important to make sure the follicle is present and intact at the roo ...
BIOL 212 General Genetics
... Needed for cloning large genes of higher organisms (for DNA regions 50 kb or larger) and for genome projects. Can be modified forms of E. coli plasmids (cosmids), viruses (PACs), or F factors (BACs) or can be artificial yeast chromosomes (YACs) ...
... Needed for cloning large genes of higher organisms (for DNA regions 50 kb or larger) and for genome projects. Can be modified forms of E. coli plasmids (cosmids), viruses (PACs), or F factors (BACs) or can be artificial yeast chromosomes (YACs) ...
Fruit Salad—Hold the DNA, Please
... All the genetic information for a living organism is contained in its DNA, which is housed in the nucleus of its cells. DNA is made up of nucleotides and a sugar phosphate backbone that bond together in a double-helix form. It is a very long molecule made of millions of nucleotides. Between two indi ...
... All the genetic information for a living organism is contained in its DNA, which is housed in the nucleus of its cells. DNA is made up of nucleotides and a sugar phosphate backbone that bond together in a double-helix form. It is a very long molecule made of millions of nucleotides. Between two indi ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems The Double Helix
... A-T base pairs are held together more strongly than G-C pairs. The 5´ end of one strand is always adjacent to the 3´ end of the opposite strand. A base pair always consists of two purines or two pyrimidines. There are three phosphates between the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the 5´ carbon of the ...
... A-T base pairs are held together more strongly than G-C pairs. The 5´ end of one strand is always adjacent to the 3´ end of the opposite strand. A base pair always consists of two purines or two pyrimidines. There are three phosphates between the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the 5´ carbon of the ...
Thanksgiving Extra Credit Assignment
... 15. How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to determining the structure of DNA? 16. What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? Are they strong or weak bonds? 17. What makes up the "backbone" of the DNA molecule? 18. On DNA, a ____________________ base will always pair with a __________________ ...
... 15. How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to determining the structure of DNA? 16. What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? Are they strong or weak bonds? 17. What makes up the "backbone" of the DNA molecule? 18. On DNA, a ____________________ base will always pair with a __________________ ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
... A-T base pairs are held together more strongly than G-C pairs. The 5´ end of one strand is always adjacent to the 3´ end of the opposite strand. A base pair always consists of two purines or two pyrimidines. There are three phosphates between the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the 5´ carbon of the ...
... A-T base pairs are held together more strongly than G-C pairs. The 5´ end of one strand is always adjacent to the 3´ end of the opposite strand. A base pair always consists of two purines or two pyrimidines. There are three phosphates between the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the 5´ carbon of the ...
Lecture 2: Biology Review II
... PCR with short probes that bind randomly to sites in the genome. Good for genomes where little sequence information is available. Band-present is dominant. Expected number of products = 2fN/16b ...
... PCR with short probes that bind randomly to sites in the genome. Good for genomes where little sequence information is available. Band-present is dominant. Expected number of products = 2fN/16b ...
Review for Lecture 18
... fragments of DNA of different lengths. How would you set up the reactions to sequence a fragment of DNA? 9. Gene chips – what is the technique – i.e. steps involved – and what information do you obtain from this technique? Questions: 1. Specific DNA sequences or bands are identified in a Southern bl ...
... fragments of DNA of different lengths. How would you set up the reactions to sequence a fragment of DNA? 9. Gene chips – what is the technique – i.e. steps involved – and what information do you obtain from this technique? Questions: 1. Specific DNA sequences or bands are identified in a Southern bl ...
DNA / RNA / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS / AP Biology
... phosphate) construct the following DNA and RNA molecules; transcribe the message into RNA when asked to do so; and translate the message into amino acids (protein) when directed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1) Cons ...
... phosphate) construct the following DNA and RNA molecules; transcribe the message into RNA when asked to do so; and translate the message into amino acids (protein) when directed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1) Cons ...
Study Questions
... smallest speck of blood, hair, etc., from your body behind because if you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by __________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime. A) ATP B) PCR C) blotting D) RFLP E) reverse transcriptase 20.16. The polyme ...
... smallest speck of blood, hair, etc., from your body behind because if you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by __________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime. A) ATP B) PCR C) blotting D) RFLP E) reverse transcriptase 20.16. The polyme ...
DNA Discovery, Structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation
... 15. List three differences between DNA and RNA a. b. c. 16. Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do. a. b. c. 17. What is produced by transcription? ...
... 15. List three differences between DNA and RNA a. b. c. 16. Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do. a. b. c. 17. What is produced by transcription? ...
Lecture 0
... Gene expression begins with the process of TRANSCRIPTION More terminology: • The promoter is a region of DNA at the 5’ end of the gene that controls its expression. In eukaryotes it includes the initiation site (start site), the first base that is transcribed (bacteria=operator). • The terminator i ...
... Gene expression begins with the process of TRANSCRIPTION More terminology: • The promoter is a region of DNA at the 5’ end of the gene that controls its expression. In eukaryotes it includes the initiation site (start site), the first base that is transcribed (bacteria=operator). • The terminator i ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.