Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
... Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin which plays a key role in blood coagulation. Its name comes from the German name, Koagulationsvitamin. There are three forms, two naturally occurring and one synthetic: K1 (phylloquinone-synthesized from plants, especially chlorophyll) and K2 (memaquinone-synthesiz ...
... Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin which plays a key role in blood coagulation. Its name comes from the German name, Koagulationsvitamin. There are three forms, two naturally occurring and one synthetic: K1 (phylloquinone-synthesized from plants, especially chlorophyll) and K2 (memaquinone-synthesiz ...
Se-enriched vegetables and cancer reduction: P. Whanger, Oregon
... excessive tissue accumulation of selenium and thus are safe for human consumption. 4. SeMCYS is the most effective selenocompound in plants for reduction of mammary tumors in rats. Methylselenol appears to be the specific selenocompound that is effective against mammary tumors. ...
... excessive tissue accumulation of selenium and thus are safe for human consumption. 4. SeMCYS is the most effective selenocompound in plants for reduction of mammary tumors in rats. Methylselenol appears to be the specific selenocompound that is effective against mammary tumors. ...
Foreword
... sources and that the contents are not meant to provide new information, rather accurate information that has been distilled into a new format that is user‐friendly for use in the field. In some instances the information contained within this work are translated verbatim from the original source. I ...
... sources and that the contents are not meant to provide new information, rather accurate information that has been distilled into a new format that is user‐friendly for use in the field. In some instances the information contained within this work are translated verbatim from the original source. I ...
Nutrition: vitamins and minerals
... Unless otherwise stated, this resource is released under the terms of the Creative Commons Licence v4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en_GB. Within that The Open University interprets this licence in the following way: www.open.edu/openlearn/about-openlearn/frequently-asked-q ...
... Unless otherwise stated, this resource is released under the terms of the Creative Commons Licence v4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en_GB. Within that The Open University interprets this licence in the following way: www.open.edu/openlearn/about-openlearn/frequently-asked-q ...
Biosynthesis of theanine (g-ethylamino-L
... In intact tea seedlings, nitrogen for theanine synthesis may be supplied from soil or from storage amino acids in cotyledons. To find the routes of theanine biosynthesis in intact tea seedlings, three-week-old seedlings were incubated with [15N]ammonium sulphate for 3 days, and the incorporation of ...
... In intact tea seedlings, nitrogen for theanine synthesis may be supplied from soil or from storage amino acids in cotyledons. To find the routes of theanine biosynthesis in intact tea seedlings, three-week-old seedlings were incubated with [15N]ammonium sulphate for 3 days, and the incorporation of ...
The Amazing Peanut
... How the Peanut Plant Grows Unlike other nuts, peanuts do not grow on trees. In fact, the peanut is not a nut at all! It is a legume, in the pea family. The peanut is unusual because it grows on a plant which flowers above the soil but fruits below it. A farmer usually plants his peanuts in April or ...
... How the Peanut Plant Grows Unlike other nuts, peanuts do not grow on trees. In fact, the peanut is not a nut at all! It is a legume, in the pea family. The peanut is unusual because it grows on a plant which flowers above the soil but fruits below it. A farmer usually plants his peanuts in April or ...
Bioactive polyacetylenes in food plants of the Apiaceae
... responsible for these effects of food plants. A possible explanation could be that plants contain other bioactive compounds, i.e. compounds having a direct or indirect effect on living tissue in vitro and/or in vivo, which provide benefits for health, even though they are not essential nutrients [6] ...
... responsible for these effects of food plants. A possible explanation could be that plants contain other bioactive compounds, i.e. compounds having a direct or indirect effect on living tissue in vitro and/or in vivo, which provide benefits for health, even though they are not essential nutrients [6] ...
A 3-month old female infant seemed normal until she developed
... Alanine is the main amino acid extracted from the skeletal muscle in both post absorptive state and after several weeks of starvation. The decline in the rate of gluconeogenesis results from a reduction of alanine supply to the liver. Failure of alanine supply leads to a failure of pyruvate supply t ...
... Alanine is the main amino acid extracted from the skeletal muscle in both post absorptive state and after several weeks of starvation. The decline in the rate of gluconeogenesis results from a reduction of alanine supply to the liver. Failure of alanine supply leads to a failure of pyruvate supply t ...
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
... obtain their catabolic (energy) and anabolic (material) requirements from the same organic compounds. In contrast, the latter group, which are lithoautotrophs, obtain their catabolic and anabolic requirements from different inorganic compounds: the catabolic (energy) from oxidizing ammonia in the wa ...
... obtain their catabolic (energy) and anabolic (material) requirements from the same organic compounds. In contrast, the latter group, which are lithoautotrophs, obtain their catabolic and anabolic requirements from different inorganic compounds: the catabolic (energy) from oxidizing ammonia in the wa ...
Chemical Composition of Phloem Sap from the Uppermost Internode
... sap from the amino acid metabolism in the surrounding organs (Fisher and Macnicol 1986). However, in rice, the higher concentrations of Gin and Asn in the sap from the uppermost internode than in the leaf-sheath sap suggest metabolic changes from Glu to Gin and from Asp to Asn or the selective unloa ...
... sap from the amino acid metabolism in the surrounding organs (Fisher and Macnicol 1986). However, in rice, the higher concentrations of Gin and Asn in the sap from the uppermost internode than in the leaf-sheath sap suggest metabolic changes from Glu to Gin and from Asp to Asn or the selective unloa ...
Thrips on Orchids - St. Augustine Orchid Society
... Managing thrips is difficult because they are very small and easy to overlook; they are mobile, spend part of their life cycle in the soil; prefer to feed on flower parts, where systemic insecticides do not reach them; like to hide in flowers, flower buds, and leaf buds making them hard to spot and ...
... Managing thrips is difficult because they are very small and easy to overlook; they are mobile, spend part of their life cycle in the soil; prefer to feed on flower parts, where systemic insecticides do not reach them; like to hide in flowers, flower buds, and leaf buds making them hard to spot and ...
Impaired glycogen synthesis causes metabolic
... The biosynthesis of glycogen or starch is one of the main strategies developed by living organisms for the intracellular storage of carbon and energy. In phototrophic organisms, such polyglucans accumulate due to carbon fixation during photosynthesis and are used to provide maintenance energy for ce ...
... The biosynthesis of glycogen or starch is one of the main strategies developed by living organisms for the intracellular storage of carbon and energy. In phototrophic organisms, such polyglucans accumulate due to carbon fixation during photosynthesis and are used to provide maintenance energy for ce ...
History and Development of the Soils Department in the Faculty of
... Each of these three agricultural survey parties consisted of one representative from the Field Husbandry Department, one from the Animal Husbandry Department, and three member selected from various other departments of the College. Their assignment was to obtain data about the farms, the farmsteads, ...
... Each of these three agricultural survey parties consisted of one representative from the Field Husbandry Department, one from the Animal Husbandry Department, and three member selected from various other departments of the College. Their assignment was to obtain data about the farms, the farmsteads, ...
2016 - FREE - Catalog - Mizz Tizzy`s Weeds and Seeds
... Lovingly and organically grown at Mizz Tizzy’s, our herbs are highly potent and used for many purposes, one being that this combination is an excellent mosquito repellent, but when combined with our mix of carrier oils, and essential oils, it also becomes an Ayurvedic (alternative medicine - healing ...
... Lovingly and organically grown at Mizz Tizzy’s, our herbs are highly potent and used for many purposes, one being that this combination is an excellent mosquito repellent, but when combined with our mix of carrier oils, and essential oils, it also becomes an Ayurvedic (alternative medicine - healing ...
Choosing the Right Plants - University of Nevada Cooperative
... Lack Flammable Chemicals: Many evergreen woody plants, such as juniper, pine, and arborvitae, contain flammable chemicals. As these plants heat up from an approaching fire, some of the chemicals turn into combustible gases surrounding the plant. Once ignited, these gases and plants can burn very int ...
... Lack Flammable Chemicals: Many evergreen woody plants, such as juniper, pine, and arborvitae, contain flammable chemicals. As these plants heat up from an approaching fire, some of the chemicals turn into combustible gases surrounding the plant. Once ignited, these gases and plants can burn very int ...
Overweight / Obesity
... indicated its deficiency is linked to increased adipogenesis (creation of fat cells) and insulin resistance, as well as decreased glucose tolerance. Moreover, supplementation with Vitamin A has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, reduce fat mass and help modulate circulating leptin levels. Y ...
... indicated its deficiency is linked to increased adipogenesis (creation of fat cells) and insulin resistance, as well as decreased glucose tolerance. Moreover, supplementation with Vitamin A has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, reduce fat mass and help modulate circulating leptin levels. Y ...
Smokable Dimethyltryptamine from Organic Sources
... that to make alkaloids soluble in water we must first make them acidic.Conversely, for them to be soluble in an organic solvent, such as ether, we must make them basic or alkaline. Most of the psychoactive substances we are interested in extracting are called "alkaloids," compounds numerically above ...
... that to make alkaloids soluble in water we must first make them acidic.Conversely, for them to be soluble in an organic solvent, such as ether, we must make them basic or alkaline. Most of the psychoactive substances we are interested in extracting are called "alkaloids," compounds numerically above ...
Explanation of traits used in CLO-PLA3
... BranchingType_1 BranchingType_2 BranchingType_3 BranchingType_4 ...
... BranchingType_1 BranchingType_2 BranchingType_3 BranchingType_4 ...
Appendix 3: City of Flagstaff Landscape Plant List
... b. PS = Partial shade; and c. SH = Full shade. 4. Water Needs The water needs of each plant are indicated as follows, and are intended to assist in the proper placement of plant types according to water consumption and therefore their placement in different landscape zones. a. L = Low; b. M = Medium ...
... b. PS = Partial shade; and c. SH = Full shade. 4. Water Needs The water needs of each plant are indicated as follows, and are intended to assist in the proper placement of plant types according to water consumption and therefore their placement in different landscape zones. a. L = Low; b. M = Medium ...
The structure of the phloem–still more questions than answers
... Figure 1. Microscopy of sieve tubes. (a) Bright field micrograph of a Nicotiana benthamiana sieve tube. A sieve plate (arrow) separates two sieve elements. While the resolution is sufficient to measure sieve element length and diameter, sieve plate, and especially sieve plate pores are too small to ...
... Figure 1. Microscopy of sieve tubes. (a) Bright field micrograph of a Nicotiana benthamiana sieve tube. A sieve plate (arrow) separates two sieve elements. While the resolution is sufficient to measure sieve element length and diameter, sieve plate, and especially sieve plate pores are too small to ...
Full Text - Global Science Books
... Potato tuberization begins with a sensing of the environmental signals, followed by the generation of a signal (known as tuberigen) in the leaves (Gregory et al. 1956). Then, the generated signal is transported successively to a distant organ, such as the stolon tips, at which tuber formation is ind ...
... Potato tuberization begins with a sensing of the environmental signals, followed by the generation of a signal (known as tuberigen) in the leaves (Gregory et al. 1956). Then, the generated signal is transported successively to a distant organ, such as the stolon tips, at which tuber formation is ind ...
BEST FERNS FOR THE MID-SOUTH AREA By Christine
... Growing non-nativeferns is a matter of trial and effor and a challengeto fern lovers.New species, mostly Polystichumand Dryopteris from Japanand SoutheastAsia and mountainousareas,are proving to be hardy here. Moving a non-nativefern that is not growing well to a shadieror sunnier place or giving it ...
... Growing non-nativeferns is a matter of trial and effor and a challengeto fern lovers.New species, mostly Polystichumand Dryopteris from Japanand SoutheastAsia and mountainousareas,are proving to be hardy here. Moving a non-nativefern that is not growing well to a shadieror sunnier place or giving it ...
here - Friends of the Australian National Botanic Gardens
... Dense shrub 2.5mx1.5m. Tolerates most soil Red flowers 6cmx4cm, mainly late types and moisture levels. Tolerant of drought, spring, but good summer watering wind and cold. Can be trimmed for size or produces flowers. New growth is bright hedging. brick red. Good for hedges and attracts birds. A sele ...
... Dense shrub 2.5mx1.5m. Tolerates most soil Red flowers 6cmx4cm, mainly late types and moisture levels. Tolerant of drought, spring, but good summer watering wind and cold. Can be trimmed for size or produces flowers. New growth is bright hedging. brick red. Good for hedges and attracts birds. A sele ...
The Biology and Ecology of Carnations November 2006
... Carnations are exotic to Australia but have been grown commercially as a flower crop since 1954. In 2006, the carnation industry produced approximately 140 million cut-flowers per annum across a total of 100 ha in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and New South Wales. Victoria is the lar ...
... Carnations are exotic to Australia but have been grown commercially as a flower crop since 1954. In 2006, the carnation industry produced approximately 140 million cut-flowers per annum across a total of 100 ha in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and New South Wales. Victoria is the lar ...
Algae triglycerides
... include, but are not limited to, neutral lipids, polar lipids, wax esters, sterols and hydrocarbons, as well as prenyl derivatives such as tocopherols, carotenoids, terpenes, quinones and phytylated pyrrole derivatives such as the chlorophylls. Under optimal conditions of growth, algae synthesize fa ...
... include, but are not limited to, neutral lipids, polar lipids, wax esters, sterols and hydrocarbons, as well as prenyl derivatives such as tocopherols, carotenoids, terpenes, quinones and phytylated pyrrole derivatives such as the chlorophylls. Under optimal conditions of growth, algae synthesize fa ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.