“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... the responses of opposite neurons hardly vary when a single cue is replaced by two congruent cues (i.e., no cue integration behavior), whereas their responses increase significantly when the disparity between visual and vestibular cues increases [11], indicating that opposite neurons may serve to ex ...
... the responses of opposite neurons hardly vary when a single cue is replaced by two congruent cues (i.e., no cue integration behavior), whereas their responses increase significantly when the disparity between visual and vestibular cues increases [11], indicating that opposite neurons may serve to ex ...
Olfaction
... One idea is that a different population of neurons is active for each odor (or class of odor). However, each olfactory nerve fiber and central olfactory neuron responds to multiple odorants. The spatial distribution of activity in the salamander olfactory bulb is the same for three very different od ...
... One idea is that a different population of neurons is active for each odor (or class of odor). However, each olfactory nerve fiber and central olfactory neuron responds to multiple odorants. The spatial distribution of activity in the salamander olfactory bulb is the same for three very different od ...
MARMORATAl - Journal of Neuroscience
... antigens are first expressed and the order in which they are expressed by different cells or tissues. Three of the mAbs produced by Zipser and McKay (Zipser, B., and R. McKay (1981) Nature 289: 549-554) were screened: Lan3-1, Lan3-5, and Lan3-6. Each mAb shows a different pattern of labeling in the ...
... antigens are first expressed and the order in which they are expressed by different cells or tissues. Three of the mAbs produced by Zipser and McKay (Zipser, B., and R. McKay (1981) Nature 289: 549-554) were screened: Lan3-1, Lan3-5, and Lan3-6. Each mAb shows a different pattern of labeling in the ...
Five Essential Components to the Reflex Arc
... descending tracts, which consist of axons conducting impulses away from the brain. ...
... descending tracts, which consist of axons conducting impulses away from the brain. ...
Gpr126 is essential for peripheral nerve development and
... Myelin is a multilayered membrane formed by glial cells around axons in the vertebrate nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells form the myelin sheath by wrapping their membrane around an axonal segment many times. Schwann cell precursors arise from neural crest progenit ...
... Myelin is a multilayered membrane formed by glial cells around axons in the vertebrate nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells form the myelin sheath by wrapping their membrane around an axonal segment many times. Schwann cell precursors arise from neural crest progenit ...
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: A MOLECULAR LOGIC OF OLFACTORY PERCEPTION
... The completed sequence of both the murine and human genome ultimately identified 1300 odorant receptors in the mouse (12,13) and 500 in humans (14,15,16). If mice possess 20,000 genes, then as much as 5% of the genome, one in 20 genes encodes the odorant receptors. A large family of odorant receptor ...
... The completed sequence of both the murine and human genome ultimately identified 1300 odorant receptors in the mouse (12,13) and 500 in humans (14,15,16). If mice possess 20,000 genes, then as much as 5% of the genome, one in 20 genes encodes the odorant receptors. A large family of odorant receptor ...
In transverse section, the spinal cord features: -
... Since spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal at nominally corresponding intervertebral foramina, spinal roots must elongate when spinal cord segments are displaced cranially. The term cauda equina (horse tail) refers to caudally streaming spinal roots running to intervertebral foramina in the sacrum ...
... Since spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal at nominally corresponding intervertebral foramina, spinal roots must elongate when spinal cord segments are displaced cranially. The term cauda equina (horse tail) refers to caudally streaming spinal roots running to intervertebral foramina in the sacrum ...
The spinal trigeminal nucleus — considerations on the
... these cells similar to the ICC belonging to the gastrointestinal tract? What role do these cells play within the spinal trigeminal nucleus? If intermingled with the descending primary trigeminal fibres, which lamina of the spinal trigeminal nucleus can they be considered to belong to? The presence o ...
... these cells similar to the ICC belonging to the gastrointestinal tract? What role do these cells play within the spinal trigeminal nucleus? If intermingled with the descending primary trigeminal fibres, which lamina of the spinal trigeminal nucleus can they be considered to belong to? The presence o ...
motor systems
... cortical areas also participate of some kinematic and dynamic movement parameters. The non-primary motor areas appear more specialized, however, for selecting and controlling movements made in particular behavioral contexts, such as when the direction of a movement to be made must be remembered or w ...
... cortical areas also participate of some kinematic and dynamic movement parameters. The non-primary motor areas appear more specialized, however, for selecting and controlling movements made in particular behavioral contexts, such as when the direction of a movement to be made must be remembered or w ...
Chapter 16: Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System
... • Lowers cAMP levels in cytoplasm • Has inhibitory effect on the cell • Helps coordinate sympathetic and ...
... • Lowers cAMP levels in cytoplasm • Has inhibitory effect on the cell • Helps coordinate sympathetic and ...
Fast and slow neurons in the nucleus of the
... is consistent with behavioral observations. In pigeons, the gain of the OKR in response to nasal to temporal (forward) motion does not decline until velocities of 20±408/s. In contrast, the gain declines at lower velocities for stimuli moving backward, upward and downward [4,5]. Furthermore, and con ...
... is consistent with behavioral observations. In pigeons, the gain of the OKR in response to nasal to temporal (forward) motion does not decline until velocities of 20±408/s. In contrast, the gain declines at lower velocities for stimuli moving backward, upward and downward [4,5]. Furthermore, and con ...
Thalamocortical projection from the ventral posteromedial nucleus
... were also present. They entered SI distant from target sites, extended toward the brain surface, then sharply turned toward the plexus in layers IV and VI, and converged in the plexus (indicated by arrowheads in Fig. 1B). The axons had few branches and did not project to the supragranular layers. In ...
... were also present. They entered SI distant from target sites, extended toward the brain surface, then sharply turned toward the plexus in layers IV and VI, and converged in the plexus (indicated by arrowheads in Fig. 1B). The axons had few branches and did not project to the supragranular layers. In ...
Timing of Impulses From the Central Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of
... connections between CE and BNST (Dong and Swanson 2006a-c; Dong et al. 2001; Krettek and Price 1978b; Price and Amaral 1981; Sun and Cassell 1993; Veinante and Freund-Mercier 2003). According to these tracing studies, BNST projections to the CE mostly originate in its anterolateral and anteromedial ...
... connections between CE and BNST (Dong and Swanson 2006a-c; Dong et al. 2001; Krettek and Price 1978b; Price and Amaral 1981; Sun and Cassell 1993; Veinante and Freund-Mercier 2003). According to these tracing studies, BNST projections to the CE mostly originate in its anterolateral and anteromedial ...
Monday, June 20, 2005
... metabolic activity elucidated the overall geometry of functional maps, but is averaged over many cells (resolution >100 micron). Consequently, the purity of functional domains and the precision of the borders between them could not be resolved. Here, we labelled thousands of neurons of the visual co ...
... metabolic activity elucidated the overall geometry of functional maps, but is averaged over many cells (resolution >100 micron). Consequently, the purity of functional domains and the precision of the borders between them could not be resolved. Here, we labelled thousands of neurons of the visual co ...
The Projection from the Superficial to the Deep Layers
... paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide (initial dose, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Artificial respiration was carried out according to the table of Freminet et al. (1972);and paralysis and anesthesia were maintained for the duration of the recording experiment with periodic injections of gallamine triethiodide a ...
... paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide (initial dose, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Artificial respiration was carried out according to the table of Freminet et al. (1972);and paralysis and anesthesia were maintained for the duration of the recording experiment with periodic injections of gallamine triethiodide a ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... The sympathetic (sim-pa -̆ thet ́ ik) division is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies. It is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” division because increased sympathetic activity results in the increased alertness and metabolic activity needed in stressful or frighteni ...
... The sympathetic (sim-pa -̆ thet ́ ik) division is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies. It is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” division because increased sympathetic activity results in the increased alertness and metabolic activity needed in stressful or frighteni ...
LPN Nervous System 2017
... Columns of white matter, composed of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers, form the outer portion of the H-shaped core of the spinal cord; bundles of axons called tracts Interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies Spinal cord tracts provide two-way conduction pa ...
... Columns of white matter, composed of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers, form the outer portion of the H-shaped core of the spinal cord; bundles of axons called tracts Interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies Spinal cord tracts provide two-way conduction pa ...
Lecture 2: Structure and function of the NS
... Neuronal cell bodies and axons are largely segregated within the CNS The neuronal cell body is the site of synthesis of nearly all the neuron’s enzymes, structural proteins, membrane components, and organelles, as well as some of its chemical messengers. Its structure (Fig. 1-9) reflects this functi ...
... Neuronal cell bodies and axons are largely segregated within the CNS The neuronal cell body is the site of synthesis of nearly all the neuron’s enzymes, structural proteins, membrane components, and organelles, as well as some of its chemical messengers. Its structure (Fig. 1-9) reflects this functi ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in balance The resting potential varies widely with the type of cell A typical neuron has a resting po ...
... It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in balance The resting potential varies widely with the type of cell A typical neuron has a resting po ...
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
... Multiple Hormones Can Target a Cell/Tissue • Growth Hormone • Somatomedins • Thyroxin – All have receptors on many tissues – Stimulate pathways for growth Figure 7-17: A complex endocrine pathway ...
... Multiple Hormones Can Target a Cell/Tissue • Growth Hormone • Somatomedins • Thyroxin – All have receptors on many tissues – Stimulate pathways for growth Figure 7-17: A complex endocrine pathway ...
Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs: Introduction Drugs
... be discovered by primitive humans and are still the most widely used group of pharmacologic agents. In addition to their use in therapy, many drugs acting on the CNS are used without prescription to increase one's sense of well-being. The mechanisms by which various drugs act in the CNS have not alw ...
... be discovered by primitive humans and are still the most widely used group of pharmacologic agents. In addition to their use in therapy, many drugs acting on the CNS are used without prescription to increase one's sense of well-being. The mechanisms by which various drugs act in the CNS have not alw ...
Spinal Cord
... 3) Others: Transmit information between different levels of brain and spinal cord. ...
... 3) Others: Transmit information between different levels of brain and spinal cord. ...