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Variable phenotype expression with a frameshift mutation of the
Variable phenotype expression with a frameshift mutation of the

... Fig. 2. A: Monitoring ECGs of patient #2 with ventricular fibrillation detected by AED. Electrical cardioversions were performed three times by AED before hospitalization. B: 12-Lead ECGs of patient #2 at 13 years of age and 18 years of age. QRS width age-dependently increased over 6 years. C: Sinus ...
Cardiac & Pulmonary Rehabilitation Under Medicare….Mark D
Cardiac & Pulmonary Rehabilitation Under Medicare….Mark D

... Disclaimer This presentation was current at the time it was delivered. Medicare policy changes frequently so links to the source documents have been provided within the document for your reference. This presentation was prepared as a tool to assist providers and is not intended to grant rights or i ...
Update on Exercise Stress Testing
Update on Exercise Stress Testing

Cardiovascular - Algonquin College
Cardiovascular - Algonquin College

... gates or channels are normally closed. Calcium is felt to play a role in closing the gates which control access to the sodium channels. Channels also exist for calcium and magnesium, a familiar concept because of the recent development and use of calcium channel blockers in cardiac patients, e.g. Di ...
Sudden cardiac death
Sudden cardiac death

... not inducible at the time of electrophysiologic study [29,30]. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and very advanced heart failure, bradiarrhythmia, rather than tachyarrhythmia, is the final event that leads to sudden death. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sudden death often occurs in young adul ...
Gender Differences in Electrophysiological
Gender Differences in Electrophysiological

... tachycardias in adult patients. According to the long-term experience they have relatively very good prognosis. IVTs are usually classified into three groups according to the site of their origin: IVT from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT-VT), IVT from left ventricular outflow tract and Fascicu ...
Assessment of QT and JT Intervals in Patients With Left Bundle
Assessment of QT and JT Intervals in Patients With Left Bundle

... increases in depolarization duration and not in repolarization. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to apply corrected JT interval (JTc) as an appropriate measure of ventricular repolarization for predicting QTc in a formula. Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of 101 patients with ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... gates or channels are normally closed. Calcium is felt to play a role in closing the gates which control access to the sodium channels. Channels also exist for calcium and magnesium, a familiar concept because of the recent development and use of calcium channel blockers in cardiac patients, e.g. Di ...
12 lead MEPN IV
12 lead MEPN IV

... • List the criteria for identification of right or left bundle branch blocks. • List the anatomically congruent leads associated with an inferior, lateral and anterior wall MI • Describe morphology of Q wave presence ...
2. CARDIAC CYCLE
2. CARDIAC CYCLE

... A third heart sound (S3) is usually abnormal and is due to rapid passive ventricular filling. It occurs in dilated congestive heart failure, severe hypertension, myocardial infarction, or mitral incompetence. ...
Difficulty Level 2
Difficulty Level 2

... b. ensures that there is adequate time for d. is short so that tetany of cardiac muscle blood to fill the heart chamber cells can occur Cardiac muscle tissue is characterized by all of these, EXCEPT: a. long, multinucleated, cylindrical cells b. bifurcated (branched) cells c. intercalated discs d. n ...
Heart failure - acute or decompensated
Heart failure - acute or decompensated

... • continue to monitor oxygen saturation whilst the patient is on oxygen therapy Consider additional tests as indicated: Published: 21-Feb-2011 ...
2. CARDIAC CYCLE - badripaudel.com
2. CARDIAC CYCLE - badripaudel.com

... n  2. Isometric relaxation = 0.08 n  3. Rapid filling ...
Congestive Heart Failure Complicated with Chylothorax as the
Congestive Heart Failure Complicated with Chylothorax as the

... Though rare in incidence, chylothorax usually leads to significant morbidity and mortality and is mostly attributable to trauma (including surgery), malignancy, and miscellaneous disorders1-3. Rarely, heart failure secondary to various ...
The Heart
The Heart

... refractory is another 50 msec) Tetanus (continuous contraction) and wave ...
Control of fluid balance guided by body composition monitoring in
Control of fluid balance guided by body composition monitoring in

... such as the left ventricular mass index, E/e′ ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial volume index, and BP at month 12; parameters measured by BIS, such as the OH value, ECW, and ECW/ICW; hospitalization, cardiovascular and allcause mortality, ...
Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2
Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2

... The composite outcome of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death occurred in a significantly lower percentage of patients treated with empagliflozin [265/4687 patients (5.7%)] than placebo [198/2333 patients (8.5%)] [hazard ratio, HR: 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.55 –0.79; ...
Enalapril Krka tablet ENG SmPC
Enalapril Krka tablet ENG SmPC

... Symptomatic hypotension Symptomatic hypotension is rarely seen in uncomplicated hypertensive patients. In hypertensive patients receiving , symptomatic hypotension is more likely to occur if the patient has been volume depleted, e.g. by diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, dial ...
Heart to Heart
Heart to Heart

... follow the sensible advice below from the medical experts at St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital. If you’re overweight, it is important to lose weight because those excess pounds place you at higher risk for heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes and additional health problems. Unfortuna ...
2-Beta receptor blockers-1
2-Beta receptor blockers-1

... Congestive heart failure: e.g. carvedilol: – antioxidant and non selective α,B blocker –  myocardial remodeling &  risk of sudden death. Myocardial infarction: Have cardio-protective effect  infarct size morbidity & mortality   myocardial O2 demand. • Anti-arrhythmic action. •  incidence of s ...
File
File

... • pacing spikes (best seen here in V4 - V6) will be seen - they may be subtle • the paced QRS complexes are abnormally wide • In this example the pacemaker starts when there is a long R - R interval following a blocked atrial premature beat (arrowed in figure below). Sinus rhythm takes over again la ...
Are Diabetic Patients at Increased Risk of Arrhythmias?
Are Diabetic Patients at Increased Risk of Arrhythmias?

... ed the incidence of sudden cardiac death in 3276 patients with acute myocardial infarction between 1996 and 2005.33 Among diabetic patients, the incidence of sudden cardiac death was higher (5.9%) than in nondiabetic patients (1.7%) (HR 3.8, 95% CI 2.4–3.8, p<0.001, and HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8, p<0.0 ...
Noradrenergic Transmission
Noradrenergic Transmission

... Congestive heart failure: e.g. carvedilol: – antioxidant and non selective α,B blocker –  myocardial remodeling &  risk of sudden death. Myocardial infarction: Have cardio-protective effect  infarct size morbidity & mortality   myocardial O2 demand. • Anti-arrhythmic action. •  incidence of s ...
Heart anatomy of Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi: a case report
Heart anatomy of Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi: a case report

... 4.3 kg. The circumference at the level of the coronary sulcus measured 60.0 cm. The distance between the pulmonary trunk and the apex measured along the auricular face was 25.0 cm. The distance from the coronary sulcus to the apex measured along the subsinosal sulcus of the atrial face was 28.0 cm. ...
Lenient vs. strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and
Lenient vs. strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and

... every effort was made to maintain sinus rhythm, but long-term success was poor.4 – 6 Recent studies have shown that rate control is not inferior to pharmacological rhythm control with regard to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.7,8 Similar findings have been observed in patients with chronic he ...
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Cardiac contractility modulation



Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.
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