Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic
... AS is graded on a combination of hemodynamic and natural history data. According to current guidelines, severe AS is defined as an aortic valve area (AVA) <1.0 cm2 (or <0.6 cm2/m2 body surface area), mean aortic valve pressure gradient >40 mm Hg, or an aortic jet velocity >4 m/s. Two-dimensional tra ...
... AS is graded on a combination of hemodynamic and natural history data. According to current guidelines, severe AS is defined as an aortic valve area (AVA) <1.0 cm2 (or <0.6 cm2/m2 body surface area), mean aortic valve pressure gradient >40 mm Hg, or an aortic jet velocity >4 m/s. Two-dimensional tra ...
the interpretation of pulmonary artery wedge
... those patients with mitral stenosis with significant valve block and left atrial hypertension from those without valve block (but with the murmur of mitral stenosis) may lead to serious diagnostic errors. Unexplained elevation of wedge pressure has been noted by other investigators. Robin and Burwel ...
... those patients with mitral stenosis with significant valve block and left atrial hypertension from those without valve block (but with the murmur of mitral stenosis) may lead to serious diagnostic errors. Unexplained elevation of wedge pressure has been noted by other investigators. Robin and Burwel ...
Hypertensive heart disease. A complex syndrome or a hypertensive
... and sudden death, and more than triples the risk of congestive heart failure as well as strokes[1]. Patients with high blood pressure frequently have abnormalities of cardiac structure or function, including left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction and in extreme cases, overt ...
... and sudden death, and more than triples the risk of congestive heart failure as well as strokes[1]. Patients with high blood pressure frequently have abnormalities of cardiac structure or function, including left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction and in extreme cases, overt ...
Evaluation of Prosthetic Heart Valves by Transesophageal
... Pathologic obstruction in an aortic prosthesis. In an aortic prosthesis, the gradient changes considerably with a change of stroke volume (this effect is much more pronounced than in the larger mitral prosthesis). Stroke volume is determined by the patient’s BSA. Therefore, even in the same valve ty ...
... Pathologic obstruction in an aortic prosthesis. In an aortic prosthesis, the gradient changes considerably with a change of stroke volume (this effect is much more pronounced than in the larger mitral prosthesis). Stroke volume is determined by the patient’s BSA. Therefore, even in the same valve ty ...
Intervention Technique using Transvenous Patent Ductus Arteriosus
... Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease that found in both humans and animals in which the vessel connected between aorta and pulmonary artery is not vanished after birth. The changes in smooth muscle wall made the vessel maintained its structure without constriction and fibrosi ...
... Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease that found in both humans and animals in which the vessel connected between aorta and pulmonary artery is not vanished after birth. The changes in smooth muscle wall made the vessel maintained its structure without constriction and fibrosi ...
- St George`s, University of London
... crucial items of information. Specifically, a known cardiac disease and the presence of antecedent symptoms (pre/syncope, chest pain, abnormal dyspnea during activity), prior cardiac history, family history of premature (< 50 years old) cardiac disease (coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy, ...
... crucial items of information. Specifically, a known cardiac disease and the presence of antecedent symptoms (pre/syncope, chest pain, abnormal dyspnea during activity), prior cardiac history, family history of premature (< 50 years old) cardiac disease (coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy, ...
Percutaneous Repair or Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation
... evere mitral regurgitation is associated with progressive left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure.1 Without intervention, symptomatic patients have an annual rate of death of 5% or more.1-3 Medical management alleviates symptoms but does not alter the progression of the disease.2 C ...
... evere mitral regurgitation is associated with progressive left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure.1 Without intervention, symptomatic patients have an annual rate of death of 5% or more.1-3 Medical management alleviates symptoms but does not alter the progression of the disease.2 C ...
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
... patients with structural heart disease (Zipes, et al., 2006; Kusmirek and Gold, 2007). Ventricular fibrillation is the rhythm most frequently recorded at the time of sudden cardiac arrest. Although a number of studies have investigated the electrophysiologic (EP) mechanisms responsible for the onset ...
... patients with structural heart disease (Zipes, et al., 2006; Kusmirek and Gold, 2007). Ventricular fibrillation is the rhythm most frequently recorded at the time of sudden cardiac arrest. Although a number of studies have investigated the electrophysiologic (EP) mechanisms responsible for the onset ...
PDF - Journal of the American Heart Association
... used for the collection of clinical end points. All end points were defined according to the updated version of the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC2) definitions.7 An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all events. The prespecified end point was the VARC2 early safety outcome, a c ...
... used for the collection of clinical end points. All end points were defined according to the updated version of the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC2) definitions.7 An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all events. The prespecified end point was the VARC2 early safety outcome, a c ...
Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Failure
... ventricle to fill with or eject blood. The term heart failure is preferred over the older term congestive heart failure because not all patients with heart failure have volume overload. Heart failure results from multiple causes, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart diseas ...
... ventricle to fill with or eject blood. The term heart failure is preferred over the older term congestive heart failure because not all patients with heart failure have volume overload. Heart failure results from multiple causes, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart diseas ...
comparison of blood pool gated spect with three diffe
... its tomographic perspective, has the benefit of isolating the left and right ventricles without overlap of other cardiac chambers, which improves the assessment of regional wall motion16-24. Only a few studies have compared several gMPS programs using BPGS as the reference method 25-27. The aim of t ...
... its tomographic perspective, has the benefit of isolating the left and right ventricles without overlap of other cardiac chambers, which improves the assessment of regional wall motion16-24. Only a few studies have compared several gMPS programs using BPGS as the reference method 25-27. The aim of t ...
Electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in general
... Table 3. The predictive value of a positive ECG test was always low (from 5.9% to 25.8%), and the prevalence of LVH diagnosed with the different ECG tests was always falsely low when compared to the gold standard (Fig. 2). In Table 3, the PPV and NPV of ECG tests are summarized. Before the age of 69 ...
... Table 3. The predictive value of a positive ECG test was always low (from 5.9% to 25.8%), and the prevalence of LVH diagnosed with the different ECG tests was always falsely low when compared to the gold standard (Fig. 2). In Table 3, the PPV and NPV of ECG tests are summarized. Before the age of 69 ...
Anatomy of the Human Heart
... occupy the lateral spaces, called thepleural cavities. The space between these two cavities is referred to as the mediastinum ("that which stands in the middle"; Fig. 1). The mediastinum is divided first into the superior and inferior mediastinum by a midsagittal imaginary line called the transverse ...
... occupy the lateral spaces, called thepleural cavities. The space between these two cavities is referred to as the mediastinum ("that which stands in the middle"; Fig. 1). The mediastinum is divided first into the superior and inferior mediastinum by a midsagittal imaginary line called the transverse ...
Lowgrade systolic murmurs in healthy middleaged individuals
... second half of the follow-up. Three men had AVR during the first 5 years of follow-up: one man in the lowgrade murmur group at 4.6 years and two men in the moderate-grade murmur group, both with grade IV murmurs, at 3.7 and 4.1 years, respectively. The median interval from baseline to AVR was 14.3 y ...
... second half of the follow-up. Three men had AVR during the first 5 years of follow-up: one man in the lowgrade murmur group at 4.6 years and two men in the moderate-grade murmur group, both with grade IV murmurs, at 3.7 and 4.1 years, respectively. The median interval from baseline to AVR was 14.3 y ...
the PDF - Heart Rhythm Society
... developed over the years to identify patients at risk for SCD.33–35 Currently, assessment of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction is commonly used to guide primary prevention of SCD,20 but there is considerable interest in using markers that reflect arrhythmia substrates more directly, and theref ...
... developed over the years to identify patients at risk for SCD.33–35 Currently, assessment of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction is commonly used to guide primary prevention of SCD,20 but there is considerable interest in using markers that reflect arrhythmia substrates more directly, and theref ...
Atrial natriuretic factor: Its role in hypertension
... age, systolic pressure, atria1 size. total peripheral resistance and ventricular systolic performance, although age, atrial size and vascular resistance were independent predictors. Ganau et al. therefore suggest that. in normal subjects, impaired ventricular relaxation with age may contribute to at ...
... age, systolic pressure, atria1 size. total peripheral resistance and ventricular systolic performance, although age, atrial size and vascular resistance were independent predictors. Ganau et al. therefore suggest that. in normal subjects, impaired ventricular relaxation with age may contribute to at ...
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
... dysfunction can go unrecognized in the general population. However, even mild dysfunction is associated with a marked increase in mortality. Therefore, it is important to employ rigorous screening techniques in patients at risk of developing HFpEF. Cause of Death (C) Although noncardiovascular dea ...
... dysfunction can go unrecognized in the general population. However, even mild dysfunction is associated with a marked increase in mortality. Therefore, it is important to employ rigorous screening techniques in patients at risk of developing HFpEF. Cause of Death (C) Although noncardiovascular dea ...
Using a human cardiovascular-respiratory model to characterize
... Cardiac tamponade is a condition whereby the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac causes a hemodynamically significant in the intra-pericardial pressure (PPERI) which is conventionally defined as a liquid pressure. In a healthy subject, PPERI is approximately equal to the pleural pressure (P ...
... Cardiac tamponade is a condition whereby the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac causes a hemodynamically significant in the intra-pericardial pressure (PPERI) which is conventionally defined as a liquid pressure. In a healthy subject, PPERI is approximately equal to the pleural pressure (P ...
Reservoir and Conduit Function of the Right Atrium - AJP
... pressure to prevent peripheral edema and hepatic congestion. The three components of atrial function are: 1) reservoir function, storing blood when the tricuspid valve is closed and releasing stored blood when it opens, 2) conduit function, passive blood transfer directly from the coronary and syste ...
... pressure to prevent peripheral edema and hepatic congestion. The three components of atrial function are: 1) reservoir function, storing blood when the tricuspid valve is closed and releasing stored blood when it opens, 2) conduit function, passive blood transfer directly from the coronary and syste ...
Imaging right ventricular function to predict outcome in pulmonary
... Conclusion: RV function to predict outcome in PAH is best evaluated by imaging derived SV/ESV or EF. In this study, there was no added value of invasive measurements or simplified pressure-derived estimates of RV–arterial coupling. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
... Conclusion: RV function to predict outcome in PAH is best evaluated by imaging derived SV/ESV or EF. In this study, there was no added value of invasive measurements or simplified pressure-derived estimates of RV–arterial coupling. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart
... output after the Fontan operation A characteristic feature of the Fontan circuit is the lack of pulsatile pulmonary blood flow through the pulmonary vascular bed. In the normal biventricular circulation pulmonary blood flow is generally not a limiting factor for determining cardiac output. In ischem ...
... output after the Fontan operation A characteristic feature of the Fontan circuit is the lack of pulsatile pulmonary blood flow through the pulmonary vascular bed. In the normal biventricular circulation pulmonary blood flow is generally not a limiting factor for determining cardiac output. In ischem ...
Full version (PDF file)
... QRST integral BSPMs for each heartbeat were constructed in 192 points of a regular grid (16 columns x 12 rows), representing the human chest surface. The corresponding BSPMs are represented on Figure 1. Each contour line on the isointegral map connects points of equal time-integral value, from zero ...
... QRST integral BSPMs for each heartbeat were constructed in 192 points of a regular grid (16 columns x 12 rows), representing the human chest surface. The corresponding BSPMs are represented on Figure 1. Each contour line on the isointegral map connects points of equal time-integral value, from zero ...
PDF file - Nowotwory
... Electrolyte disorders can alter cardiac ionic currents kinetics and depending on the changes can promote proarrhythmic or antiarrhythmic effects. The present report reviews the mechanisms, electrophysiolgical (EP), electrocardiographic (ECG), and clinical consequences of electrolyte disorders. Potas ...
... Electrolyte disorders can alter cardiac ionic currents kinetics and depending on the changes can promote proarrhythmic or antiarrhythmic effects. The present report reviews the mechanisms, electrophysiolgical (EP), electrocardiographic (ECG), and clinical consequences of electrolyte disorders. Potas ...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause, creating functional impairment of the cardiac muscle. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.The occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of sudden unexpected cardiac death in any age group and as a cause of disabling cardiac symptoms. Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.HCM is frequently asymptomatic until sudden cardiac death, and for this reason some suggest routinely screening certain populations for this disease.A cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the muscle of the heart. With HCM, the myocytes (cardiac contractile cells) in the heart increase in size, which results in the thickening of the heart muscle. In addition, the normal alignment of muscle cells is disrupted, a phenomenon known as myocardial disarray. HCM also causes disruptions of the electrical functions of the heart. HCM is most commonly due to a mutation in one of nine sarcomeric genes that results in a mutated protein in the sarcomere, the primary component of the myocyte (the muscle cell of the heart). These are predominantly single-point missense mutations in the genes for beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC), myosin-binding protein C, cardiac troponinT, or tropomyosin. These mutations cause myofibril and myocyte structural abnormalities and possible deficiencies in force generation. Not to be confused with dilated cardiomyopathy or any other cardiomyopathy.While most literature so far focuses on European, American, and Japanese populations, HCM appears in all ethnic groups. The prevalence of HCM is about 0.2% to 0.5% of the general population.