The intention-to-CAUSE bias: Evidence from children’s causal
... ‘‘the boy moved the ball’’, the causal agent (the boy) is mapped into the subject noun phrase, while the effect (moving ball) is mapped into the verb phrase (verb + direct object). This linguistic structure is referred to as the lexical causative construction. Another possibility is that only the ef ...
... ‘‘the boy moved the ball’’, the causal agent (the boy) is mapped into the subject noun phrase, while the effect (moving ball) is mapped into the verb phrase (verb + direct object). This linguistic structure is referred to as the lexical causative construction. Another possibility is that only the ef ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure to aldehydes during the perfusion itself because it would have required surgery before perfusion for each individual case. This is not, however, a limitation in our study since we compared densities of synapses at different stages of maturation rathe ...
... to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure to aldehydes during the perfusion itself because it would have required surgery before perfusion for each individual case. This is not, however, a limitation in our study since we compared densities of synapses at different stages of maturation rathe ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
... c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Two eye fields have been identified in the frontal lobes of primates: one is situated dorsomedially within the frontal cortex and will be referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex ŽDMFC.; the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to ...
... Two eye fields have been identified in the frontal lobes of primates: one is situated dorsomedially within the frontal cortex and will be referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex ŽDMFC.; the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... treatments. In spite of the fact that it has been shown in studies that the effectiveness of TMS on tinnitus depends on the stimulation frequency applied and the auditory cortex hyperactivity, the mechanism of rTMS in tinnitus is not known completely yet. Besides, it is known that the current given ...
... treatments. In spite of the fact that it has been shown in studies that the effectiveness of TMS on tinnitus depends on the stimulation frequency applied and the auditory cortex hyperactivity, the mechanism of rTMS in tinnitus is not known completely yet. Besides, it is known that the current given ...
FREE Sample Here
... OBJ: 1-Identify parts of neuron, describe functions of these parts and explain how neurons communicate. TOP: MOD: 2.1 KEY: Evaluate/Explain | Identify MSC: factual 6. In a neuron, the axon _______________________, and the dendrite ___________________________. a. synthesizes neurotransmitters; receiv ...
... OBJ: 1-Identify parts of neuron, describe functions of these parts and explain how neurons communicate. TOP: MOD: 2.1 KEY: Evaluate/Explain | Identify MSC: factual 6. In a neuron, the axon _______________________, and the dendrite ___________________________. a. synthesizes neurotransmitters; receiv ...
Visceral sensitivity and functional dyspepsia
... so-called brain gut axis). Symptoms of functional dyspepsia can be caused by poor regulation of this axis. The most recent studies focus on the apparent alteration of the CNS in processing visceral signals that are accompanied by emotional changes and anxiety and which are very often associated with ...
... so-called brain gut axis). Symptoms of functional dyspepsia can be caused by poor regulation of this axis. The most recent studies focus on the apparent alteration of the CNS in processing visceral signals that are accompanied by emotional changes and anxiety and which are very often associated with ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... When a stimulus of sufficient strength is applied to the nerve preparation, a CAP is expressed. The basic temporal characteristics of a signal can be seen and calculated. The latent period is the time from stimulus application to neuronal initial response. This is usually a fraction of a millisecond ...
... When a stimulus of sufficient strength is applied to the nerve preparation, a CAP is expressed. The basic temporal characteristics of a signal can be seen and calculated. The latent period is the time from stimulus application to neuronal initial response. This is usually a fraction of a millisecond ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... Theories of orientation selectivity The rationale of our experiments came from considering different models or theories for visual cortical function, so it makes sense to begin with theory. There are two poles of thought about theoretical solutions for the problem of orientation selectivity: feedfor ...
... Theories of orientation selectivity The rationale of our experiments came from considering different models or theories for visual cortical function, so it makes sense to begin with theory. There are two poles of thought about theoretical solutions for the problem of orientation selectivity: feedfor ...
Reward and Aversion
... distinct components of wanting and liking, which can be separately identified and behaviorally manipulated, and that DA mediates the wanting but not the liking component of reward. According to this incentive salience hypothesis, the function of DA is not to mediate the pleasure of unconditioned inc ...
... distinct components of wanting and liking, which can be separately identified and behaviorally manipulated, and that DA mediates the wanting but not the liking component of reward. According to this incentive salience hypothesis, the function of DA is not to mediate the pleasure of unconditioned inc ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... This year, the field of neuroscience celebrates the 50th anniversary of Mountcastle’s discovery of the cortical column. In this review, we summarize half a century of research and come to the disappointing realization that the column may have no function. Originally, it was described as a discrete s ...
... This year, the field of neuroscience celebrates the 50th anniversary of Mountcastle’s discovery of the cortical column. In this review, we summarize half a century of research and come to the disappointing realization that the column may have no function. Originally, it was described as a discrete s ...
Hebb repetition learning 1 VISUAL AND PHONOLOGICAL HEBB
... visually presented materials is blocked by CA. While it is true, therefore, that the loop seems the component of choice for ISR, resulting in generally higher levels of recall, other reasonably effective systems must exist. Whatever these systems are doing when access to the loop is denied, the gene ...
... visually presented materials is blocked by CA. While it is true, therefore, that the loop seems the component of choice for ISR, resulting in generally higher levels of recall, other reasonably effective systems must exist. Whatever these systems are doing when access to the loop is denied, the gene ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... Comparison of the time course of the dopamine transient in the VTA, SNc, and striatum FSCV with carbon fiber electrodes was used to compare the time course of dopamine release from axonal terminals in the dorsal striatum and dendritic terminals in the VTA. A single stimulus evoked release of dopamin ...
... Comparison of the time course of the dopamine transient in the VTA, SNc, and striatum FSCV with carbon fiber electrodes was used to compare the time course of dopamine release from axonal terminals in the dorsal striatum and dendritic terminals in the VTA. A single stimulus evoked release of dopamin ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... 0.4 mM; Mg-ATP, 2 mM; biocytin, 5 mM; pH 7.3; and 280 –300 mOsm, yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potent ...
... 0.4 mM; Mg-ATP, 2 mM; biocytin, 5 mM; pH 7.3; and 280 –300 mOsm, yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potent ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... Selective synchronization and selective attentional processing 1c). Consistent with this hypothesis, the interaction pattern of one neuronal group (A) with two other groups (B and C) can be predicted by their pattern of precise synchronization (Figure 1c). This has recently been demonstrated for in ...
... Selective synchronization and selective attentional processing 1c). Consistent with this hypothesis, the interaction pattern of one neuronal group (A) with two other groups (B and C) can be predicted by their pattern of precise synchronization (Figure 1c). This has recently been demonstrated for in ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... that have been implicated in emotion and specific aspects of memory. To address this issue, we investigated the relationship of input and output zones in the anterior thalamic nuclei linking them with functionally distinct orbitofrontal, medial, and lateral prefrontal cortices. We identified input z ...
... that have been implicated in emotion and specific aspects of memory. To address this issue, we investigated the relationship of input and output zones in the anterior thalamic nuclei linking them with functionally distinct orbitofrontal, medial, and lateral prefrontal cortices. We identified input z ...
Nervous System Module - Year 2 Semester 1 Number of Credit – 8
... 2. List the errors of refraction, describe how they occur and explain the basis of correcting each of them. 3.Explain the term accommodation as applied to the eye. 4. Explain the basis of the accommodation-convergence reflex and pupillary light reflex. 5. Explain the principles underlying visual acu ...
... 2. List the errors of refraction, describe how they occur and explain the basis of correcting each of them. 3.Explain the term accommodation as applied to the eye. 4. Explain the basis of the accommodation-convergence reflex and pupillary light reflex. 5. Explain the principles underlying visual acu ...
Alertness and feeding behaviors in ADHD: Does the hypocretin
... Summary Increasing evidence has suggested that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with a deficit of alertness and sleep disturbances. Recent studies have also pointed out a previously underestimated association between ADHD and abnormal eating behaviors, includ ...
... Summary Increasing evidence has suggested that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with a deficit of alertness and sleep disturbances. Recent studies have also pointed out a previously underestimated association between ADHD and abnormal eating behaviors, includ ...
Neural Activity in Macaque Parietal Cortex Reflects
... trial to trial, we identified the location of the visual field that caused a sustained elevation in firing rate during the delay period, termed the RF. This hand-mapped location determined the position of the “preferred choice” target in the direction-discrimination task. This screening procedure id ...
... trial to trial, we identified the location of the visual field that caused a sustained elevation in firing rate during the delay period, termed the RF. This hand-mapped location determined the position of the “preferred choice” target in the direction-discrimination task. This screening procedure id ...
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
... Remember that tinnitus often has two parts: The sound and the suffering • Use of an analog scale for evaluation of the strength of the tinnitus sound • Use of an analog scale for evaluation of the severity of suffering ...
... Remember that tinnitus often has two parts: The sound and the suffering • Use of an analog scale for evaluation of the strength of the tinnitus sound • Use of an analog scale for evaluation of the severity of suffering ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.