MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
Implicit Operant Learning of Pain Sens
... excluded. In addition, as mentioned above, the appearance of windup can be facilitated by present LTP in the spinal cord [210]. Thus, perceptual sensitization caused by windup can occur at relatively low afferent input. Habituation Perceptual habituation is a subjective decrease in sensation to repe ...
... excluded. In addition, as mentioned above, the appearance of windup can be facilitated by present LTP in the spinal cord [210]. Thus, perceptual sensitization caused by windup can occur at relatively low afferent input. Habituation Perceptual habituation is a subjective decrease in sensation to repe ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... train duration ranged from 100 to 1,000 ms (typically 500 ms), and the currents ranged from 25 to 150 A. These parameters were adopted from the oculomotor literature where they have been used to evoke movements of the eyes and head (e.g., Bruce et al. 1985; Freedman et al. 1996; Gottlieb et al. 199 ...
... train duration ranged from 100 to 1,000 ms (typically 500 ms), and the currents ranged from 25 to 150 A. These parameters were adopted from the oculomotor literature where they have been used to evoke movements of the eyes and head (e.g., Bruce et al. 1985; Freedman et al. 1996; Gottlieb et al. 199 ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem both in the cat (Mori et al. 1989) and in the lamprey (Deliagina et al. 2002) links RS neurons with spinal networks responsible ...
... 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem both in the cat (Mori et al. 1989) and in the lamprey (Deliagina et al. 2002) links RS neurons with spinal networks responsible ...
NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript
... In line with previous theorists, we define emotion regulation as an individual's ability to modify an emotional state so as to promote adaptive, goal-oriented behaviors (2). It encompasses the processes that allow the individual flexibly to select, attend to, and appraise emotionally arousing stimul ...
... In line with previous theorists, we define emotion regulation as an individual's ability to modify an emotional state so as to promote adaptive, goal-oriented behaviors (2). It encompasses the processes that allow the individual flexibly to select, attend to, and appraise emotionally arousing stimul ...
(2000). Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior.
... intrinsic activity [327] that controls behavioral state — the sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent o ...
... intrinsic activity [327] that controls behavioral state — the sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent o ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... the effects of the neuromodulators can be exerted very speedily, via quick-acting receptors, but can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the seman ...
... the effects of the neuromodulators can be exerted very speedily, via quick-acting receptors, but can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the seman ...
Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated
... intrinsic activity [327] that controls behavioral state — the sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent o ...
... intrinsic activity [327] that controls behavioral state — the sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent o ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... Drug-resistant epilepsy is a significant public health concern. It is associated with a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy predicts drug-responsiveness. Great ...
... Drug-resistant epilepsy is a significant public health concern. It is associated with a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy predicts drug-responsiveness. Great ...
Serotonin synthesis, release and reuptake in terminals: a
... Traditionally, serotonin (5-HT) has been associated to a wide variety of behaviors including feeding and body-weight regulation, social hierarchies, aggression and suicidality, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcoholism, anxiety, and affective disorders[1]. In addition, 5-HT has been linked to motor ...
... Traditionally, serotonin (5-HT) has been associated to a wide variety of behaviors including feeding and body-weight regulation, social hierarchies, aggression and suicidality, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcoholism, anxiety, and affective disorders[1]. In addition, 5-HT has been linked to motor ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... inferior colliculus (Winer et al., 1998) and other midbrain targets (Beneyto et al., 1998); such data will be useful in deriving a more complete profile of the corticofugal system. A further goal is to integrate the many features of auditory corticofugal organization into a larger picture of thalami ...
... inferior colliculus (Winer et al., 1998) and other midbrain targets (Beneyto et al., 1998); such data will be useful in deriving a more complete profile of the corticofugal system. A further goal is to integrate the many features of auditory corticofugal organization into a larger picture of thalami ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... graphical segregation of spindles (between “slow” frontal and “fast” centroparietal), a controversial hypothesis has emerged that two types of spindles are produced by distinct biological mechanisms.55,56 Using high-density EEG recordings, Massimini and colleagues have examined the patterns of orig ...
... graphical segregation of spindles (between “slow” frontal and “fast” centroparietal), a controversial hypothesis has emerged that two types of spindles are produced by distinct biological mechanisms.55,56 Using high-density EEG recordings, Massimini and colleagues have examined the patterns of orig ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... (Bastermeyer and O’Leary 1996). Gray matter innervation is mediated by target-specific chemotropic factors that induce branching. In tissue explant experiments, for example, neurites from a portion of the sensory-motor cortex that will later become the forelimb area grow toward a cervical spinal exp ...
... (Bastermeyer and O’Leary 1996). Gray matter innervation is mediated by target-specific chemotropic factors that induce branching. In tissue explant experiments, for example, neurites from a portion of the sensory-motor cortex that will later become the forelimb area grow toward a cervical spinal exp ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary
... (reproduced in Figs 1–9) that were taken by Thomas Harvey in 1955 before the brain was sectioned (Lepore, 2001). The photographs of Einstein’s brain were taken from various angles that imaged all external surfaces of the cerebral cortex, the medial surface of each hemisphere and (after dissection of ...
... (reproduced in Figs 1–9) that were taken by Thomas Harvey in 1955 before the brain was sectioned (Lepore, 2001). The photographs of Einstein’s brain were taken from various angles that imaged all external surfaces of the cerebral cortex, the medial surface of each hemisphere and (after dissection of ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a
... (reproduced in Figs 1–9) that were taken by Thomas Harvey in 1955 before the brain was sectioned (Lepore, 2001). The photographs of Einstein’s brain were taken from various angles that imaged all external surfaces of the cerebral cortex, the medial surface of each hemisphere and (after dissection of ...
... (reproduced in Figs 1–9) that were taken by Thomas Harvey in 1955 before the brain was sectioned (Lepore, 2001). The photographs of Einstein’s brain were taken from various angles that imaged all external surfaces of the cerebral cortex, the medial surface of each hemisphere and (after dissection of ...
Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... processed auditory conscious sound could also create unpleasant and distress feeling in the chronic tinnitus subjects due to its relation to limbic system. Memory, attention, and the emotional state of the patients are important factors that may be involved in this reaction. Thus, this neurophysiol ...
... processed auditory conscious sound could also create unpleasant and distress feeling in the chronic tinnitus subjects due to its relation to limbic system. Memory, attention, and the emotional state of the patients are important factors that may be involved in this reaction. Thus, this neurophysiol ...
Shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and
... Our results suggest that the mouse superior colliculus (SC) has access to input from most of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that innervate the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). By comparison, a number of RGC types appear to innervate the SC but not the dLGN; these RGCs generally exhibit m ...
... Our results suggest that the mouse superior colliculus (SC) has access to input from most of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that innervate the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). By comparison, a number of RGC types appear to innervate the SC but not the dLGN; these RGCs generally exhibit m ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... Sleep spindles are waxing and waning oscillations at around 12–15 Hz that last about 1 second and occur 5–10 times a minute. Eye movements and muscle tone are much reduced. Individuals are partially disconnected from the environment (increased arousal threshold) ...
... Sleep spindles are waxing and waning oscillations at around 12–15 Hz that last about 1 second and occur 5–10 times a minute. Eye movements and muscle tone are much reduced. Individuals are partially disconnected from the environment (increased arousal threshold) ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.