Psilocybin – Summary of knowledge and new perspectives
... of psilocybin Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to psilocin in the intestinal mucosa by alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. After ingestion, about 50% of the total volume of psilocin is absorbed from the digestive tract of the rat (Kalberer et al., 1962). After systemic parenteral adm ...
... of psilocybin Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to psilocin in the intestinal mucosa by alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. After ingestion, about 50% of the total volume of psilocin is absorbed from the digestive tract of the rat (Kalberer et al., 1962). After systemic parenteral adm ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
mastering-the-world-of-psychology-4th-edition-wood
... Objective: Learning Objective 2.2 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke and wanted permission to confirm this speculation by using an ima ...
... Objective: Learning Objective 2.2 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke and wanted permission to confirm this speculation by using an ima ...
View/Open - DukeSpace
... encoding visual stimuli and eye movements. The first fundamental question about an executive role for SEF logically would be the following: Can the SEF turn on and off saccades, even if it cannot generate them by itself? Schall and colleagues studied this question using a task in which a monkey is i ...
... encoding visual stimuli and eye movements. The first fundamental question about an executive role for SEF logically would be the following: Can the SEF turn on and off saccades, even if it cannot generate them by itself? Schall and colleagues studied this question using a task in which a monkey is i ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
... As I am writing this chapter, the Dutch public broadcasting association KRO-‐ NCRV is airing its second episode in a special series about ‘the ADHD-‐epidemic’. Within one week of announcing the making of this series earlier this year, ...
... As I am writing this chapter, the Dutch public broadcasting association KRO-‐ NCRV is airing its second episode in a special series about ‘the ADHD-‐epidemic’. Within one week of announcing the making of this series earlier this year, ...
Early Sensory Pathways for Detection of Fearful Conditioned Stimuli
... footshock motivates the animal to move readily to the adjacent compartment (escape response), at which point the footshock and CS are coterminated, ending the trial. During the intertrial interval (ITI), the animal awaited the next trial and was free to cross between compartments at will. These spon ...
... footshock motivates the animal to move readily to the adjacent compartment (escape response), at which point the footshock and CS are coterminated, ending the trial. During the intertrial interval (ITI), the animal awaited the next trial and was free to cross between compartments at will. These spon ...
The transference of benefits between the eyes Does
... 1.3. Measurement of eye movements In order to explain eye movements one needs to know how to measure them. The adult eyeball is a sphere and measures about 2.5 cm with only the anterior one-sixth of the eyeball exposed (Tortora & Nielsen, 2012). Because the eye is a sphere we measure it in degrees, ...
... 1.3. Measurement of eye movements In order to explain eye movements one needs to know how to measure them. The adult eyeball is a sphere and measures about 2.5 cm with only the anterior one-sixth of the eyeball exposed (Tortora & Nielsen, 2012). Because the eye is a sphere we measure it in degrees, ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... Fear is a physiological trait with a strong weight on survival and adaptation. Great progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of fear learning, mainly using auditory fear conditioning (AFC). In this behavioral paradigm, an initial neutral tone (conditioned stimulus, CS) acquires aversive ...
... Fear is a physiological trait with a strong weight on survival and adaptation. Great progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of fear learning, mainly using auditory fear conditioning (AFC). In this behavioral paradigm, an initial neutral tone (conditioned stimulus, CS) acquires aversive ...
Measurement of Corpus Callosum in Sudanese Population Using MRI
... arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is a strong, thick membrane that closely lines the inside of the skull; its two layers, the periosteal and meningeal dura, are fused and separate only to form venous sinuses. The dura creates little folds or compartments. There are two special dural fol ...
... arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is a strong, thick membrane that closely lines the inside of the skull; its two layers, the periosteal and meningeal dura, are fused and separate only to form venous sinuses. The dura creates little folds or compartments. There are two special dural fol ...
Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... and presynaptic afferent inhibition has been shown to occur in man after magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex (Iles 1996; Nielsen and Petersen 1994). Orbital cortex in cat, but not monkey, produces DRPs (Abdelmoumene et al. 1970), whereas in the cat under chloralose anesthesia, visual flash (Bes ...
... and presynaptic afferent inhibition has been shown to occur in man after magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex (Iles 1996; Nielsen and Petersen 1994). Orbital cortex in cat, but not monkey, produces DRPs (Abdelmoumene et al. 1970), whereas in the cat under chloralose anesthesia, visual flash (Bes ...
Graziano's CV
... Webb TW, Graziano MSA (2015) The attention schema theory: a mechanistic account of subjective awareness. Frontiers in Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00500. Graziano MSA, Webb TW (2014) A mechanistic theory of consciousness. International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 6, 163-176. Graziano MS ...
... Webb TW, Graziano MSA (2015) The attention schema theory: a mechanistic account of subjective awareness. Frontiers in Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00500. Graziano MSA, Webb TW (2014) A mechanistic theory of consciousness. International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 6, 163-176. Graziano MS ...
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar
... longer elicited CRs. As predicted, when a forelimb CS was then presented, it, too, was unable to elicit CRs. To avoid any additional effects from conditioning with the forelimb CS, only a small number of test trials could be given. However, the experiment was repeated in the same animal with the sam ...
... longer elicited CRs. As predicted, when a forelimb CS was then presented, it, too, was unable to elicit CRs. To avoid any additional effects from conditioning with the forelimb CS, only a small number of test trials could be given. However, the experiment was repeated in the same animal with the sam ...
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... hypoactivity for a variety of stimuli, including one’s own and others’ faces, as well as non-face objects. This suggests a model of distorted visual processing in which details are not contextualized or integrated into a whole percept. This may be associated with patients’ propensity to focus on det ...
... hypoactivity for a variety of stimuli, including one’s own and others’ faces, as well as non-face objects. This suggests a model of distorted visual processing in which details are not contextualized or integrated into a whole percept. This may be associated with patients’ propensity to focus on det ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... When plasma glucose levels are above or below an ‘‘allowable’’ range, homeostatic feedback mechanisms are engaged to restore them to within that range, for example, insulin secretion in hyperglycemia, epinephrine secretion and glycogen breakdown in hypoglycemia. Similarly, when body temperature is a ...
... When plasma glucose levels are above or below an ‘‘allowable’’ range, homeostatic feedback mechanisms are engaged to restore them to within that range, for example, insulin secretion in hyperglycemia, epinephrine secretion and glycogen breakdown in hypoglycemia. Similarly, when body temperature is a ...
olfaction
... Lateral olfactory tract projects directly to the piriform cortex (= primary olfactory cortex = paleocortex) adjacent to lateral olfactory tract in temporal lobe. This is only sense that does not have relay in thalamus on way from receptors to cerebral cortex. From piriform cortex there are projectio ...
... Lateral olfactory tract projects directly to the piriform cortex (= primary olfactory cortex = paleocortex) adjacent to lateral olfactory tract in temporal lobe. This is only sense that does not have relay in thalamus on way from receptors to cerebral cortex. From piriform cortex there are projectio ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... My results reveal that ICd neurons exhibit various temporal firing patterns and long and variable first spike latencies. These neurons displayed a variety of frequency-tuning curves. Both monotonic and non-monotonic rate-level functions were present in these neurons. ICd neurons displayed stimulus-s ...
... My results reveal that ICd neurons exhibit various temporal firing patterns and long and variable first spike latencies. These neurons displayed a variety of frequency-tuning curves. Both monotonic and non-monotonic rate-level functions were present in these neurons. ICd neurons displayed stimulus-s ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... predict future rewards and punishments, and use these predictions as well as past experiences to direct behaviour (O'Doherty, 2004). A reward can be defined as an event or a stimulus “for which an animal will perform an operant response” (Koob, 1992). Rewards elicit approach behaviour whereas punish ...
... predict future rewards and punishments, and use these predictions as well as past experiences to direct behaviour (O'Doherty, 2004). A reward can be defined as an event or a stimulus “for which an animal will perform an operant response” (Koob, 1992). Rewards elicit approach behaviour whereas punish ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... reinforcement learning — has informed both the design and interpretation of experiments that probe how the dopamine system influences sequences of choices made about rewards. These models are maturing rapidly and may even guide our understanding of other neuromod-ulatory systems in the brain, althou ...
... reinforcement learning — has informed both the design and interpretation of experiments that probe how the dopamine system influences sequences of choices made about rewards. These models are maturing rapidly and may even guide our understanding of other neuromod-ulatory systems in the brain, althou ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... In order to quantify the effects of attention on the receptive field of a neuron, we define two quantities: the receptive field shift and the shrinking factor. Without attention, the neuron at x has a symmetric, bell-shaped receptive field and its maximum response occurs when the stimulus is presented a ...
... In order to quantify the effects of attention on the receptive field of a neuron, we define two quantities: the receptive field shift and the shrinking factor. Without attention, the neuron at x has a symmetric, bell-shaped receptive field and its maximum response occurs when the stimulus is presented a ...
5. Gesture as a bridge between action and
... gestures convey substantive information. Moreover, the information conveyed in gesture is often not conveyed anywhere in the speech that accompanies it. In this way, gesture reflects thoughts that speakers may not explicitly know they have. Moreover, gesture does more than reflect thought––gesture p ...
... gestures convey substantive information. Moreover, the information conveyed in gesture is often not conveyed anywhere in the speech that accompanies it. In this way, gesture reflects thoughts that speakers may not explicitly know they have. Moreover, gesture does more than reflect thought––gesture p ...
Csercsa Richárd
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
Kaczkurkin_umn_0130E_14221
... A third process by which resistance to extinction could occur was proposed by Eysenck (1976), who suggested the “incubation of fear” theory. According to this account, the CR creates an internal state of fear that functions as the US, thereby impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that ...
... A third process by which resistance to extinction could occur was proposed by Eysenck (1976), who suggested the “incubation of fear” theory. According to this account, the CR creates an internal state of fear that functions as the US, thereby impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... 27. Juan’s toe was severed and was quickly sewn back on by a surgeon. As a result, he regained some function and feeling in his toe. Which of the following are responsible for Juan’s ability to regain function and feeling in his toe? a) myelin Incorrect. Myelin speeds up the neural impulse. b) glial ...
... 27. Juan’s toe was severed and was quickly sewn back on by a surgeon. As a result, he regained some function and feeling in his toe. Which of the following are responsible for Juan’s ability to regain function and feeling in his toe? a) myelin Incorrect. Myelin speeds up the neural impulse. b) glial ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.