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I can do 3.1-3.7
I can do 3.1-3.7

... seasonally adjust data and interpret the results in context compare two sets of related time series data use formal methods of analysis (eg least squares regression lines). report on the relevance and usefulness of forecast discuss the features of the time series data report on potential sources of ...
Hierarchical Stability Based Model Selection for Data Clustering
Hierarchical Stability Based Model Selection for Data Clustering

Population Genetics using Trees
Population Genetics using Trees

M211 (ITC450 earlier)
M211 (ITC450 earlier)

... When developing software it is important to know how to solve problems in a computationally efficient way. Algorithms describe methods for solving problems under the constraints of the computers resources. Often the goal is to compute a solution as fast as possible, using as few resources as possibl ...
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human endogenous retroviral LTR

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... machine learning algorithms to address this challenging task. ...
Parasitism and Mutualism in Wolbachia: What the
Parasitism and Mutualism in Wolbachia: What the

Convergent_Evolution_instructor_edited
Convergent_Evolution_instructor_edited

... BLAST searches that are done comparing hemoglobin sequences, students will construct a phylogenetic cladogram that places the hemoglobins of bats, dolphins, and other mammals in relative positions that reflect cladograms built on other derived traits. However, when BLAST searches are done on the pre ...
statgen9
statgen9

Part 1 - MLNL - University College London
Part 1 - MLNL - University College London

... Pattern recognition aims to assign a label to a given pattern (test example) based either on a priori knowledge or on statistical information extracted from the previous seen patterns (training examples). ...
Hidden Markov Model Cryptanalysis
Hidden Markov Model Cryptanalysis

Global Sequence Alignment by Dynamic Programming
Global Sequence Alignment by Dynamic Programming

... when you really want the whole of two sequences to be aligned, without truncation. • GAP could completely bypass a region of high local homology, if a better (or even just as good) path can be found in a different way. • This is problematic if one short sequence is aligned against a longer one with ...
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Alignment

... • Length matters: it is harder to get a high percentage of identities in a long sequence than in a short one. • Problem of random matches. For nucleotides, 25% of all positions in random sequences match, and it’s 5% for proteins. – General rule, based on proteins with known structural similarity: • ...
2.4.8 Kullback-Leibler Divergence
2.4.8 Kullback-Leibler Divergence

Title: Bayes` Theorem in the Twenty-First Century
Title: Bayes` Theorem in the Twenty-First Century

... remains controversial among statisticians. Main Text: “Controversial theorem” sounds like an oxymoron, but Bayes’ Rule has played this part for two and a half centuries. Twice it has soared to scientific celebrity, twice it has crashed, and it is currently enjoying another boom. The Theorem itself i ...
Comparison of Target-Capture and Restriction
Comparison of Target-Capture and Restriction

An Introduction to Hidden Markov Models for Biological Sequences
An Introduction to Hidden Markov Models for Biological Sequences

... amino acid sequences differ. It is not rare that two such homologous sequences have less than 30% identical amino acids. Similarly in DNA many interesting signals vary greatly even within the same genome. Some well-known examples are ribosome binding sites and splice sites, but the list is long. For ...
Solutions to Nonlinear Equations
Solutions to Nonlinear Equations

... Nonlinear Equations: Roots – Objective is to find a solution of F(x) = 0 Where F is a polynomial or a transcendental function, given explicitly. – Exact solutions are not possible for most equations. – A number x ± e, ( e > 0 ) is an approximate solution of the equation if there is a solution in th ...
Lecture 8
Lecture 8

... increase the speed of the program used to make alignments. Heuristic algorithms are based on how proteins evolve. Risk= may get suboptimal results. PAM-250 Matrix is based on extrapolation: calculation assumes 1 PAM unit of evolutionary distance is the same as 250 PAM units. Because proteins can evo ...
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... arc direction) between any node and any other node If we added dotted red arc, we would have a loopy graph Loopy graphs can be approximated by acyclic ones for inference, but this is outside the scope of this course ...
Yang (2002) - molecularevolution.org
Yang (2002) - molecularevolution.org

... example is presented later in this section.) This approach may suffer from several problems. First, reconstructed ancestral sequences are not real data and involve systematic biases and random errors [19]. Second, the methods used to estimate substitution rates along each branch are typically simpli ...
Phylogeny (ch 26) Campbell PPT
Phylogeny (ch 26) Campbell PPT

... Concept 26.4: An organism’s evolutionary history is documented in its genome • Comparing nucleic acids or other molecules to infer relatedness is a valuable approach for tracing organisms’ evolutionary history • DNA that codes for rRNA changes relatively slowly and is useful for investigating branc ...
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Chapter 26

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... Q ::= p | (Q) | Q AND Q | Q OR Q | NOT Q p: a keyword which can be a simple keyword, typed keyword, or conditional keyword Q: a keyword query eg: Ullman AND (database OR algorithm) Search Algorithm  NUITS adopts a data-graph-based search algorithm, and each result is a tuple-connection-tree  The a ...
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

< 1 ... 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 ... 60 >

Computational phylogenetics

Computational phylogenetics is the application of computational algorithms, methods, and programs to phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to assemble a phylogenetic tree representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry of a set of genes, species, or other taxa. For example, these techniques have been used to explore the family tree of hominid species and the relationships between specific genes shared by many types of organisms. Traditional phylogenetics relies on morphological data obtained by measuring and quantifying the phenotypic properties of representative organisms, while the more recent field of molecular phylogenetics uses nucleotide sequences encoding genes or amino acid sequences encoding proteins as the basis for classification. Many forms of molecular phylogenetics are closely related to and make extensive use of sequence alignment in constructing and refining phylogenetic trees, which are used to classify the evolutionary relationships between homologous genes represented in the genomes of divergent species. The phylogenetic trees constructed by computational methods are unlikely to perfectly reproduce the evolutionary tree that represents the historical relationships between the species being analyzed. The historical species tree may also differ from the historical tree of an individual homologous gene shared by those species.Producing a phylogenetic tree requires a measure of homology among the characteristics shared by the taxa being compared. In morphological studies, this requires explicit decisions about which physical characteristics to measure and how to use them to encode distinct states corresponding to the input taxa. In molecular studies, a primary problem is in producing a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) between the genes or amino acid sequences of interest. Progressive sequence alignment methods produce a phylogenetic tree by necessity because they incorporate new sequences into the calculated alignment in order of genetic distance.
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