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a spiking stretch receptor with central cell bodies in the uropod
... The receptor complex was similar in all the species of Galatheidae examined and consisted of an elastic strand, an accessory muscle, and their combined innervation. It lies sandwiched between the uropod-telson flexor muscle (no. 1) (lying ventral to the receptor) and the coxopodite adductor muscle ( ...
... The receptor complex was similar in all the species of Galatheidae examined and consisted of an elastic strand, an accessory muscle, and their combined innervation. It lies sandwiched between the uropod-telson flexor muscle (no. 1) (lying ventral to the receptor) and the coxopodite adductor muscle ( ...
medical student anti.. - University of Illinois at Chicago
... creativity, conduct, and behavior.” ...
... creativity, conduct, and behavior.” ...
Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine from the substantia
... [3H]dopamine (5.6 Ci/mmole, giving a final concentration of 1 x 10-6 M dopamine). The tissue was incubated for 20 minutes as described above, after which it was centrifuged and resuspended in 3.0 ml of medium (without dopamine) twice. Following the second rinse the tissue was centrifuged and resuspe ...
... [3H]dopamine (5.6 Ci/mmole, giving a final concentration of 1 x 10-6 M dopamine). The tissue was incubated for 20 minutes as described above, after which it was centrifuged and resuspended in 3.0 ml of medium (without dopamine) twice. Following the second rinse the tissue was centrifuged and resuspe ...
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... differentiated from grafted stem cells will become incorporated into circuits that support important neurological functions. This “therapeutic” integration may proceed either via the replacement of dead neurons by graft-derived, differentiated nerve cells or via the assumption of trophic and other n ...
... differentiated from grafted stem cells will become incorporated into circuits that support important neurological functions. This “therapeutic” integration may proceed either via the replacement of dead neurons by graft-derived, differentiated nerve cells or via the assumption of trophic and other n ...
Intracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in
... Fig 2 Input res]s ce and sp~ke discharges of a type-II neuron A membrane responses to mtracellularly rejected hyper- and depolar~.zmgcurrents of various intensities B current-voltage relation for the type-II neuron C rejection of a ,trong depolarizing current palse produced only 4 spikes A strong sp ...
... Fig 2 Input res]s ce and sp~ke discharges of a type-II neuron A membrane responses to mtracellularly rejected hyper- and depolar~.zmgcurrents of various intensities B current-voltage relation for the type-II neuron C rejection of a ,trong depolarizing current palse produced only 4 spikes A strong sp ...
Millisecond-Timescale Optical Control of Neural Dynamics in the
... generation of ultraprecise neurological and psychiatric therapeutics via cell-type-specific optical neural control prosthetics. INTRODUCTION The rhesus macaque is an important model species for understanding neural computation, cognition, and behavior, as well as for probing the circuit-level basis ...
... generation of ultraprecise neurological and psychiatric therapeutics via cell-type-specific optical neural control prosthetics. INTRODUCTION The rhesus macaque is an important model species for understanding neural computation, cognition, and behavior, as well as for probing the circuit-level basis ...
firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in
... local cellular and circuit properties. In order to understand how neurons process such information, the responses of neurons to periodic sine wave current stimuli of varying frequencies and amplitudes were investigated. Sine wave stimuli were injected into pyramidal cells of young adult ferret visua ...
... local cellular and circuit properties. In order to understand how neurons process such information, the responses of neurons to periodic sine wave current stimuli of varying frequencies and amplitudes were investigated. Sine wave stimuli were injected into pyramidal cells of young adult ferret visua ...
action potential — epilepsy
... huge voltage changes at the membrane. Their number is tiny compared to the total number of ions found in even a very small compartment of adjacent cytoplasm or extracellular fluid. Because of this, many, many action potentials can be generated before the concentration gradient “runs down.” As an act ...
... huge voltage changes at the membrane. Their number is tiny compared to the total number of ions found in even a very small compartment of adjacent cytoplasm or extracellular fluid. Because of this, many, many action potentials can be generated before the concentration gradient “runs down.” As an act ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... which is mediated by Ih and enhanced by the persistent Na+ current, INa(p) [74–77]. In our experiments, 20% of neocortical neurons displayed depolarizing sags after the application of hyperpolarizing current pulses, probably caused by the activation of Ih. Also, models of isolated PY neurons with Ih ...
... which is mediated by Ih and enhanced by the persistent Na+ current, INa(p) [74–77]. In our experiments, 20% of neocortical neurons displayed depolarizing sags after the application of hyperpolarizing current pulses, probably caused by the activation of Ih. Also, models of isolated PY neurons with Ih ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... shown). Upon exposure to hypoxia, both enzymes clustered near synapses (Figures 4J and 4N). The GPD-3 and ALDO-1 clusters colocalized with the PFK-1.1 clusters (Figures 4I–4P), suggesting that these enzymes dynamically form a complex near presynaptic sites in response to demands for ATP. Aerobic gly ...
... shown). Upon exposure to hypoxia, both enzymes clustered near synapses (Figures 4J and 4N). The GPD-3 and ALDO-1 clusters colocalized with the PFK-1.1 clusters (Figures 4I–4P), suggesting that these enzymes dynamically form a complex near presynaptic sites in response to demands for ATP. Aerobic gly ...
1. Materials and Methods
... monkey. Non-hand-action related arousing sounds such as white noise or monkey vocalisations typically do not evoke significant responses in these neurons. These neurons respond differentially to different actions: the majority of the tested neurons responded more to a given action than to another in ...
... monkey. Non-hand-action related arousing sounds such as white noise or monkey vocalisations typically do not evoke significant responses in these neurons. These neurons respond differentially to different actions: the majority of the tested neurons responded more to a given action than to another in ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... phencyclidine acts at the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor ŽMaragos et al., 1988.; and caffeine acts at adenosine receptors ŽSnyder et al., 1981.. Some drugs do not act at neurotransmitter receptors per se, but nonetheless have actions selective for particular transmitter systems. ...
... phencyclidine acts at the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor ŽMaragos et al., 1988.; and caffeine acts at adenosine receptors ŽSnyder et al., 1981.. Some drugs do not act at neurotransmitter receptors per se, but nonetheless have actions selective for particular transmitter systems. ...
Article Full Text PDF
... presynaptic cells and collateral inhibition, was markedly lower at frequencies of spinal stimulation . ,5/second, suggesting an organization of the recurrent collateral network similar to that in the goldfish. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were highly voltage-dependent; their decay time ...
... presynaptic cells and collateral inhibition, was markedly lower at frequencies of spinal stimulation . ,5/second, suggesting an organization of the recurrent collateral network similar to that in the goldfish. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were highly voltage-dependent; their decay time ...
Chapter 17-Pathways and Integrative Functions
... • Communication of CNS with body structures through pathways • Tracts = groups or bundles of axons that travel together in CNS • Nucleus = collection of neuron cell bodies within CNS • Somatotropy = correspondence between body area of receptors and functional areas in cerebral cortex ...
... • Communication of CNS with body structures through pathways • Tracts = groups or bundles of axons that travel together in CNS • Nucleus = collection of neuron cell bodies within CNS • Somatotropy = correspondence between body area of receptors and functional areas in cerebral cortex ...
Fine tuning of vestibular apparatus in terrestrial snail at Earth and
... of reversible interactions with targets, NO forms covalent linkages to a multiplicity of targets which may be enzymes, such as guanylyl cyclase (GC) or other protein or nonprotein targets. One of possible ways of NO influence on nerve cell activity is S-nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of a ni ...
... of reversible interactions with targets, NO forms covalent linkages to a multiplicity of targets which may be enzymes, such as guanylyl cyclase (GC) or other protein or nonprotein targets. One of possible ways of NO influence on nerve cell activity is S-nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of a ni ...
May 21, 04copy.doc
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
An ultra small array of electrodes for stimulating multiple
... et al., 2003) to stimulate neural fibers. However, limitations on electrode densities have restricted the study of neighboring synapses on an individual neuron. The technique of focal photolysis of caged glutamate offers a high degree of control over the spatiotemporal characteristics of stimuli to ...
... et al., 2003) to stimulate neural fibers. However, limitations on electrode densities have restricted the study of neighboring synapses on an individual neuron. The technique of focal photolysis of caged glutamate offers a high degree of control over the spatiotemporal characteristics of stimuli to ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... between these inputs that determines the membrane potential of the up state. The two K+ currents included in our model, Kir2 and Ksi (si, slowly inactivating), have been shown (Nisenbaum and Wilson 1995) to account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured i ...
... between these inputs that determines the membrane potential of the up state. The two K+ currents included in our model, Kir2 and Ksi (si, slowly inactivating), have been shown (Nisenbaum and Wilson 1995) to account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured i ...
Chapter Two - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... acting part of you has to have a body to live in. Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the body. If humans did not have hands that grasp, we might never have learned to write, paint, o ...
... acting part of you has to have a body to live in. Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the body. If humans did not have hands that grasp, we might never have learned to write, paint, o ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... model is therefore ideal for investigating the cognitive aspect of action or attention, but not the motivational aspect. Action is controlled by both cognition and motivation4,5, and motivational states vary considerably. The same action can lead to different reward outcomes in different behavioral ...
... model is therefore ideal for investigating the cognitive aspect of action or attention, but not the motivational aspect. Action is controlled by both cognition and motivation4,5, and motivational states vary considerably. The same action can lead to different reward outcomes in different behavioral ...
Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks
... and 16 weeks after induction, while on a third occasion the period of bursting spanned between 14 and 23 weeks in culture. Despite this variation, the same developmental pattern of coherent firing was observed in the three sets of cultures, increasing to a peak frequency over 3-6 weeks and then dimi ...
... and 16 weeks after induction, while on a third occasion the period of bursting spanned between 14 and 23 weeks in culture. Despite this variation, the same developmental pattern of coherent firing was observed in the three sets of cultures, increasing to a peak frequency over 3-6 weeks and then dimi ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... from rodent to primate (Kemp and Powell, 1971; Luk and Sadikot, 2001; Wilson, 2004 but see also Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985) are medium-sized spiny projection neurons that are also the only source of output from the nucleus. The remaining cell types comprise large aspiny cholinergic interneurons, a ...
... from rodent to primate (Kemp and Powell, 1971; Luk and Sadikot, 2001; Wilson, 2004 but see also Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985) are medium-sized spiny projection neurons that are also the only source of output from the nucleus. The remaining cell types comprise large aspiny cholinergic interneurons, a ...