Exam 3: Friday Oct 20
... Skeletal muscles are stimulated by motor neurons of the somatic nervous system Axons of these neurons travel in nerves to muscle cells Axons of motor neurons branch profusely as they enter muscles Each axonal branch forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber ...
... Skeletal muscles are stimulated by motor neurons of the somatic nervous system Axons of these neurons travel in nerves to muscle cells Axons of motor neurons branch profusely as they enter muscles Each axonal branch forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... M.E. Hasselmo I Behavioural Brain Research 67 (1995) l-27 ...
... M.E. Hasselmo I Behavioural Brain Research 67 (1995) l-27 ...
The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... Drosophila ORNs can be subdivided into distinct functional classes on the basis of their odor response spectra. Extensive electrophysiological characterization of the antennal basiconic sensilla identified 18 functional classes of ORNs, which are found in stereotyped combinations within eight types ...
... Drosophila ORNs can be subdivided into distinct functional classes on the basis of their odor response spectra. Extensive electrophysiological characterization of the antennal basiconic sensilla identified 18 functional classes of ORNs, which are found in stereotyped combinations within eight types ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... The restriction of wu; v to non-negative values (in combination with positive or negative response functions u; v (t − s)) is motivated by the assumption that a biological synapse is either “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, and that it does not change its “sign” in the course of a “learning-process”. I ...
... The restriction of wu; v to non-negative values (in combination with positive or negative response functions u; v (t − s)) is motivated by the assumption that a biological synapse is either “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, and that it does not change its “sign” in the course of a “learning-process”. I ...
Inferring spike-timing-dependent plasticity from spike train data
... In the past few years model-based methods have been developed that allow the estimation of coupling between pairs of neurons from spike train data [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. These methods have been successfully applied to data from a variety of brain areas including retina [10], hippocampus [8], as well ...
... In the past few years model-based methods have been developed that allow the estimation of coupling between pairs of neurons from spike train data [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. These methods have been successfully applied to data from a variety of brain areas including retina [10], hippocampus [8], as well ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... The central nervous system [CNS] is composed entirely of two kinds of specialized cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. The function of a neuron is to receive INPUT ”information” from other neurons, to process that information, then to send ”inf ...
... The central nervous system [CNS] is composed entirely of two kinds of specialized cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. The function of a neuron is to receive INPUT ”information” from other neurons, to process that information, then to send ”inf ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... shown were obtained from the stable 2--3 min following drug administration. The doses were selected based on pilot experiments determining dose--response curves for these agents, which revealed that 8 lM NMDA is an effective concentration yielding constant depolarization and action potential firing a ...
... shown were obtained from the stable 2--3 min following drug administration. The doses were selected based on pilot experiments determining dose--response curves for these agents, which revealed that 8 lM NMDA is an effective concentration yielding constant depolarization and action potential firing a ...
mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs
... and cortical distribution, there has been considerable speculation about the role of these receptors in schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs (19,46–48). As specific antagonists have become available, it has been possible to test their efficacy in animal models of psychosi ...
... and cortical distribution, there has been considerable speculation about the role of these receptors in schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs (19,46–48). As specific antagonists have become available, it has been possible to test their efficacy in animal models of psychosi ...
Recombinant Mouse Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
... Stability: Lyophilized Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is ...
... Stability: Lyophilized Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is ...
Action Potential
... - Either a complete action potential that propagates along the axon or no response at all - once generated, moves along the axon without a drop or gain in amplitude 3. Always followed by a refactory period ...
... - Either a complete action potential that propagates along the axon or no response at all - once generated, moves along the axon without a drop or gain in amplitude 3. Always followed by a refactory period ...
Oscillatory Neural Fields for Globally Optimal Path Planning
... to noise, thereby supporting the feasibility of analog VLSI implementations. The work reported here is related to resistive grid approaches for solving optimization problems (Chua, 1984). Resistive grid approaches may be viewed as "passive" relaxation methods, while the oscillatory neural field is a ...
... to noise, thereby supporting the feasibility of analog VLSI implementations. The work reported here is related to resistive grid approaches for solving optimization problems (Chua, 1984). Resistive grid approaches may be viewed as "passive" relaxation methods, while the oscillatory neural field is a ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... neurons (Barrionuevo and Brown 1983; Malinow and Miller 1986) leading to rate based learning rules. Markram et al. (1997), however, showed that synapses can be robustly weakened if the presynaptic spike arrived shortly after the postsynaptic spike and that the transition between potentiation and dep ...
... neurons (Barrionuevo and Brown 1983; Malinow and Miller 1986) leading to rate based learning rules. Markram et al. (1997), however, showed that synapses can be robustly weakened if the presynaptic spike arrived shortly after the postsynaptic spike and that the transition between potentiation and dep ...
NEURAL NETWORK DYNAMICS
... is far from solved, but here we review progress that has been made in recent years. Rather than surveying a large number of models and applications, we illustrate the existing issues and the progress made using two basic models: a network model described in terms of neuronal firing rates that exhibit ...
... is far from solved, but here we review progress that has been made in recent years. Rather than surveying a large number of models and applications, we illustrate the existing issues and the progress made using two basic models: a network model described in terms of neuronal firing rates that exhibit ...
7. Nervous Tissue, Overview of the Nervous System.
... between the interior and exterior of the cell membrane. This constant difference is called the resting membrane potential. The interior is negative compared to the exterior, and the magnitude of the difference is approximately 70 millivolts . Resting membrane potential is generally expressed as –70 ...
... between the interior and exterior of the cell membrane. This constant difference is called the resting membrane potential. The interior is negative compared to the exterior, and the magnitude of the difference is approximately 70 millivolts . Resting membrane potential is generally expressed as –70 ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... altered synaptic strength is maintained by structural modifications to synapses. However, the extent of synaptic modifications and the changes in neurotransmission that the modifications support remain unclear. To address these questions, we recorded from pairs of synaptically connected layer 2/3 pyram ...
... altered synaptic strength is maintained by structural modifications to synapses. However, the extent of synaptic modifications and the changes in neurotransmission that the modifications support remain unclear. To address these questions, we recorded from pairs of synaptically connected layer 2/3 pyram ...
a few sensory concepts, 100416
... Generator potentials are produced by dendrites of free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings, and olfactory receptors (that is, first-order neurons). ...
... Generator potentials are produced by dendrites of free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings, and olfactory receptors (that is, first-order neurons). ...
Frog Vision
... Response small if <1 degree. • Response large if motion is ‘jerky’ (like a fly?). • No response to moving straight edge. • No response to whole-field motion of array of dots, unless one dot moves wrt whole-field motion (i.e. responds to moving dot only if motion is relative to whole-field). Whole-fi ...
... Response small if <1 degree. • Response large if motion is ‘jerky’ (like a fly?). • No response to moving straight edge. • No response to whole-field motion of array of dots, unless one dot moves wrt whole-field motion (i.e. responds to moving dot only if motion is relative to whole-field). Whole-fi ...
The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer`s disease
... Glutamate receptors mediate most of the excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system and also participate in plastic changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission underlying memory and learning, and the formation of neural networks during development (Mayer and Westbrook 1 ...
... Glutamate receptors mediate most of the excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system and also participate in plastic changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission underlying memory and learning, and the formation of neural networks during development (Mayer and Westbrook 1 ...
Distinct Isoforms of the RFX Transcription Factor DAF
... sequence motif, the binding site for DAF-19. Their expression in ciliated sensory neurons was dependent on both daf-19 and the promoter x-box, and many of them are required for cilia structure and function (Blacque et al., 2005; Efimenko et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2006). In the present study, we sho ...
... sequence motif, the binding site for DAF-19. Their expression in ciliated sensory neurons was dependent on both daf-19 and the promoter x-box, and many of them are required for cilia structure and function (Blacque et al., 2005; Efimenko et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2006). In the present study, we sho ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... of cortical columns, to the macroscopic scale of brain areas. These levels of description are associated with distinct temporal scales, ranging from milliseconds in the case of neurons to tens of seconds in the case of brain areas. Here, we examine theoretically how these spatial and temporal scales ...
... of cortical columns, to the macroscopic scale of brain areas. These levels of description are associated with distinct temporal scales, ranging from milliseconds in the case of neurons to tens of seconds in the case of brain areas. Here, we examine theoretically how these spatial and temporal scales ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... dynamics following the onset of continuous input lasting for a few seconds. (In a subsequent article, we will address the same issue using evoked transients and dynamic correlations at different levels of mean activity.) Many aspects of functional integration and feature linking in the brain are tho ...
... dynamics following the onset of continuous input lasting for a few seconds. (In a subsequent article, we will address the same issue using evoked transients and dynamic correlations at different levels of mean activity.) Many aspects of functional integration and feature linking in the brain are tho ...
What We Can and What We Can`t Do with fMRI
... of GABAergic interneurons. These interneurons can receive both excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto their somata and have only local connections. Approximately 85% of them, in turn, innervate the local pyramidal cells. Different GABA-ergic cells target different subdomains of neurons. Some, e.g., ...
... of GABAergic interneurons. These interneurons can receive both excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto their somata and have only local connections. Approximately 85% of them, in turn, innervate the local pyramidal cells. Different GABA-ergic cells target different subdomains of neurons. Some, e.g., ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... Neurons and Nervous Tissue - How do neurons generate and conduct signals? Chemical synaptic transmission begins with the arrival of an action potential ...
... Neurons and Nervous Tissue - How do neurons generate and conduct signals? Chemical synaptic transmission begins with the arrival of an action potential ...