Solon was an ancient Athenian leader who came into power in 594
... constitutional reforms. His works only survive in fragments. They appear to feature interpolations by later authors and it is possible that fragments have been wrongly attributed to him (see Solon the reformer and poet). Ancient authors such as Herodotus and Plutarchare the main source of informatio ...
... constitutional reforms. His works only survive in fragments. They appear to feature interpolations by later authors and it is possible that fragments have been wrongly attributed to him (see Solon the reformer and poet). Ancient authors such as Herodotus and Plutarchare the main source of informatio ...
Athenian Wheat-Tsars: Black Sea Grain and Elite Culture
... These figures find independent corroboration in two other sources: 1) We find that in 340 BC the Macedonian king Philip II captured at Hieron either 180 or 230 ships bound for Athens with grain (the figures come respectively from Theopompos and Philochoros (FGrH 115 F292 and 328 F162, respectively). ...
... These figures find independent corroboration in two other sources: 1) We find that in 340 BC the Macedonian king Philip II captured at Hieron either 180 or 230 ships bound for Athens with grain (the figures come respectively from Theopompos and Philochoros (FGrH 115 F292 and 328 F162, respectively). ...
Classics / WAGS 23: Essay 3 (April 16, 2011) 3.1 Disruptive
... destiny, and the tragedy of confident ignorance. The Athenian character, as Thucydides describes it in the first two books of his History of the Peloponnesian War, is characterized by a constant and unquenchable thirst for supremacy. Unlike the Spartans, Athenians value innovation over consolidation ...
... destiny, and the tragedy of confident ignorance. The Athenian character, as Thucydides describes it in the first two books of his History of the Peloponnesian War, is characterized by a constant and unquenchable thirst for supremacy. Unlike the Spartans, Athenians value innovation over consolidation ...
Was Sokrates` Brother a `Filthy` Rich Tragic Poet?
... CHREMES. Tell me, how come you are walking about looking so dirty? WEALTH. I have just left the house of Patrokles, who hasn’t had a bath since the day he was born. A scholiast to the passage adds an allusion to Aristophanes’ lost comedy, Storks (F 455), that to protect his wealth and frugal life-st ...
... CHREMES. Tell me, how come you are walking about looking so dirty? WEALTH. I have just left the house of Patrokles, who hasn’t had a bath since the day he was born. A scholiast to the passage adds an allusion to Aristophanes’ lost comedy, Storks (F 455), that to protect his wealth and frugal life-st ...
summer teaching institute continuing education student questions
... 4. Thucydides speaks frequently about laws of behavior and laws that govern human nature. In his famous Melian dialogue, his Athenians admit: “Given what we believe about the gods and know about men, we think that both are always forced by the law of nature to dominate everyone they can. We didn’t l ...
... 4. Thucydides speaks frequently about laws of behavior and laws that govern human nature. In his famous Melian dialogue, his Athenians admit: “Given what we believe about the gods and know about men, we think that both are always forced by the law of nature to dominate everyone they can. We didn’t l ...
The Athenian citizen
... In the fourth century b.c. the Athenians were faced with the dangerous possibility of tyranny. Although the Macedonian king had guaranteed Athenian democracy in the peace following the battle of Chaironeia (338 b.c.), there was still fear, more than justified a few years later, that ambitious men, se ...
... In the fourth century b.c. the Athenians were faced with the dangerous possibility of tyranny. Although the Macedonian king had guaranteed Athenian democracy in the peace following the battle of Chaironeia (338 b.c.), there was still fear, more than justified a few years later, that ambitious men, se ...
before athens: early popular government in phoenician and greek
... wished to offer sacrifice at the temple of the Tyrian Heracles, but when this message was relayed by the ambassadors, it was “the people” (Arrian 1893: II,15) who passed a decree to obey any other command of Alexander, but not to admit into the city any Persian or Macedonian. This decision resulted ...
... wished to offer sacrifice at the temple of the Tyrian Heracles, but when this message was relayed by the ambassadors, it was “the people” (Arrian 1893: II,15) who passed a decree to obey any other command of Alexander, but not to admit into the city any Persian or Macedonian. This decision resulted ...
Before Athens: Early Popular Government in Phoenician and Greek
... wished to offer sacrifice at the temple of the Tyrian Heracles, but when this message was relayed by the ambassadors, it was “the people” (Arrian 1893: II,15) who passed a decree to obey any other command of Alexander, but not to admit into the city any Persian or Macedonian. This decision resulted ...
... wished to offer sacrifice at the temple of the Tyrian Heracles, but when this message was relayed by the ambassadors, it was “the people” (Arrian 1893: II,15) who passed a decree to obey any other command of Alexander, but not to admit into the city any Persian or Macedonian. This decision resulted ...
ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS 2004
... Evaluate the strategy and tactics of the Persians in their attack on Greece. Why did they fail to conquer Greece, given their numerical superiority? ...
... Evaluate the strategy and tactics of the Persians in their attack on Greece. Why did they fail to conquer Greece, given their numerical superiority? ...
Before Athens: Early Popular Government in Phoenician and Greek
... wished to offer sacrifice at the temple of the Tyrian Heracles, but when this message was relayed by the ambassadors, it was “the people” (Arrian 1893: II,15) who passed a decree to obey any other command of Alexander, but not to admit into the city any Persian or Macedonian. This decision resulted ...
... wished to offer sacrifice at the temple of the Tyrian Heracles, but when this message was relayed by the ambassadors, it was “the people” (Arrian 1893: II,15) who passed a decree to obey any other command of Alexander, but not to admit into the city any Persian or Macedonian. This decision resulted ...
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AND UNREST IN AUGUSTAN ATHENS
... Greek states, and he stayed in the city long enough to participatein the Eleusinian Mysteries.5 It is significant that Augustus tarried in Athens in order to attend one of Athens' most importantfestivalsbeforeembarkingon the whirlwind voyagesmentionedabove.Augustus' choice of Athens as the site to c ...
... Greek states, and he stayed in the city long enough to participatein the Eleusinian Mysteries.5 It is significant that Augustus tarried in Athens in order to attend one of Athens' most importantfestivalsbeforeembarkingon the whirlwind voyagesmentionedabove.Augustus' choice of Athens as the site to c ...
boudoron, an athenian fort on salamis
... The site on Salamis fulfills all the conditions necessary to Boudoron. Most of the coast enclosed by the wall is forbidding and unusable for triremes, either being rocky or having a high bank just north of the shore. But there are two stretches, 200 meters apart, which combine a sandy beach with a g ...
... The site on Salamis fulfills all the conditions necessary to Boudoron. Most of the coast enclosed by the wall is forbidding and unusable for triremes, either being rocky or having a high bank just north of the shore. But there are two stretches, 200 meters apart, which combine a sandy beach with a g ...
Democrat or Tyrant? A New Perspective on Solon`s
... The nullification of debts would not have obviated the need for loans, and the elimination of debt-bondage would have stripped poor farmers of their only collateral. Further, wealthy lenders would likely have been unwilling to risk giving loans without assurance that no more financially devastating ...
... The nullification of debts would not have obviated the need for loans, and the elimination of debt-bondage would have stripped poor farmers of their only collateral. Further, wealthy lenders would likely have been unwilling to risk giving loans without assurance that no more financially devastating ...
1. setting and sources1
... treats ancient Greek political systems outside Athens is scarce. This is partly due to a methodological problem. The sources concerning classical Athens are outstanding in their abundance, and Athens is the only city-state for which the sources are sufficient enough to allow us to make a more compre ...
... treats ancient Greek political systems outside Athens is scarce. This is partly due to a methodological problem. The sources concerning classical Athens are outstanding in their abundance, and Athens is the only city-state for which the sources are sufficient enough to allow us to make a more compre ...
Spartans change of tactics - Utrecht University Repository
... Peloponnesian war. There are a number of opinions as to when we should pinpoint the start of the war and the reasons behind it. For my purpose of military evaluation of the event, I will decided on the commonly agreed upon date of 431 B.C. or the start of the so-called Archidamain war2. As for the r ...
... Peloponnesian war. There are a number of opinions as to when we should pinpoint the start of the war and the reasons behind it. For my purpose of military evaluation of the event, I will decided on the commonly agreed upon date of 431 B.C. or the start of the so-called Archidamain war2. As for the r ...
Biography of Euripides
... 485 and 480 BCE, although some classicists propose a later date. Athens was in its Golden Age during his lifetime. The campaigns of 480-79 BCE saw the Athenians destroy the invading force of the powerful Persian Empire, solidifying Athens' position as the leader of the independent Greek city-states. ...
... 485 and 480 BCE, although some classicists propose a later date. Athens was in its Golden Age during his lifetime. The campaigns of 480-79 BCE saw the Athenians destroy the invading force of the powerful Persian Empire, solidifying Athens' position as the leader of the independent Greek city-states. ...
Alexander the Great - SouthsideHighSchool
... • They plundered, sacked, burned, and razed Thebes as an example to the rest of Greece • Greece remained under Macedonian control ...
... • They plundered, sacked, burned, and razed Thebes as an example to the rest of Greece • Greece remained under Macedonian control ...
The Ideal and the Reality of Classical Athens
... citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians' (Spartans) do not i ...
... citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians' (Spartans) do not i ...
21:510:255 Ancient Greek Civilization (Fall 2012) Class Meeting
... Course Description: This is a general introduction to the history and culture of the ancient Greeks. From c. 3000-30 BCE the Greeks developed into one of the most advanced cultures of the ancient world. Their achievements in art, science, literature, philosophy, astronomy and math lay the foundation ...
... Course Description: This is a general introduction to the history and culture of the ancient Greeks. From c. 3000-30 BCE the Greeks developed into one of the most advanced cultures of the ancient world. Their achievements in art, science, literature, philosophy, astronomy and math lay the foundation ...
Strategy and Changing Moods in Thucydides
... world of the concrete to increasingly abstract and general things, and ultimately to the forms. Loves draws us toward “contemplating the vast sea of beauty,” which is “absolute, separate, simple, and everlasting.”9 But this is the ideal; in practice, the dialogue concludes with such problems of love ...
... world of the concrete to increasingly abstract and general things, and ultimately to the forms. Loves draws us toward “contemplating the vast sea of beauty,” which is “absolute, separate, simple, and everlasting.”9 But this is the ideal; in practice, the dialogue concludes with such problems of love ...
athenian democracy - Kids Voting Southeast PA
... was made up of 50 men selected from each of the 10 Attic tribes. These tribes corresponded to local villages or territories and were of different sizes. Council members were chosen by lot from a list of volunteers, all of them being male citizens over 30 years of age. A Council member could serve on ...
... was made up of 50 men selected from each of the 10 Attic tribes. These tribes corresponded to local villages or territories and were of different sizes. Council members were chosen by lot from a list of volunteers, all of them being male citizens over 30 years of age. A Council member could serve on ...
ARISTOPHANES AND HIS COMEDIES This document was
... dramatist, and could indulge in the wildest flights of extravagance. After his keenest thrust or most passionate appeal, he could at once change his subject from the grave to the burlesque, and, in short, there was no limit to his field for invective and satire. "Aristophanes," as one of his critics ...
... dramatist, and could indulge in the wildest flights of extravagance. After his keenest thrust or most passionate appeal, he could at once change his subject from the grave to the burlesque, and, in short, there was no limit to his field for invective and satire. "Aristophanes," as one of his critics ...
Thucydides on the evacuation of Athens in 480 BC - E
... I have already to a certain extent discussed and refuted in an earlier article5. But two things, closely connected to one another, need to be further investigated in the phrase oi At}nvaioi ejuövxcov xcöv Mnöcov öiavoridevxec; exXuieiv xf|v ji6A.iv, if we are going to be able to establish the Thucyd ...
... I have already to a certain extent discussed and refuted in an earlier article5. But two things, closely connected to one another, need to be further investigated in the phrase oi At}nvaioi ejuövxcov xcöv Mnöcov öiavoridevxec; exXuieiv xf|v ji6A.iv, if we are going to be able to establish the Thucyd ...
Thucydides on the evacuation of Athens in 480 BC - E
... I have already to a certain extent discussed and refuted in an earlier article5. But two things, closely connected to one another, need to be further investigated in the phrase oi At}nvaioi ejuövxcov xcöv Mnöcov öiavoridevxec; exXuieiv xf|v ji6A.iv, if we are going to be able to establish the Thucyd ...
... I have already to a certain extent discussed and refuted in an earlier article5. But two things, closely connected to one another, need to be further investigated in the phrase oi At}nvaioi ejuövxcov xcöv Mnöcov öiavoridevxec; exXuieiv xf|v ji6A.iv, if we are going to be able to establish the Thucyd ...
Ancient Greek warfare
The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.