Xerxes` Deliberate Expedition
... says (7.8a); and here one may wonder whether the course of action he refers to is the deliberation itself, which is a bit of a departure from precedent, or must have seemed so to men who are after all slaves of the Persian king and must do whatever he orders. But then Xerxes makes clear that the cou ...
... says (7.8a); and here one may wonder whether the course of action he refers to is the deliberation itself, which is a bit of a departure from precedent, or must have seemed so to men who are after all slaves of the Persian king and must do whatever he orders. But then Xerxes makes clear that the cou ...
A Democratic Consideration of Herodotus`s Histories
... penalty of execution. Indeed, the very word “freedom,” its equivalents and any concept associated with liberty did not exist in ancient Persia. Democracy’s freedom and the unifying strength fostered by it could have been the very things that Herodotus hoped would inspire non-democratic Greek societi ...
... penalty of execution. Indeed, the very word “freedom,” its equivalents and any concept associated with liberty did not exist in ancient Persia. Democracy’s freedom and the unifying strength fostered by it could have been the very things that Herodotus hoped would inspire non-democratic Greek societi ...
Antigone Background Information
... C. Feeling compassion, the shepherd gives the baby to a _____________________, who gives the baby to the childless king and queen of Corinth. D. Oedipus grows up and learns of the prophecy. E. He runs away from ______________ (“home”) in horror, and heads toward ______________. F. One the way, he en ...
... C. Feeling compassion, the shepherd gives the baby to a _____________________, who gives the baby to the childless king and queen of Corinth. D. Oedipus grows up and learns of the prophecy. E. He runs away from ______________ (“home”) in horror, and heads toward ______________. F. One the way, he en ...
Radical Reprints Roderick T. Long The Athenian Constitution
... anti-democratic. Proposals to replace sortition with election were always condemned as moves in the direction of oligarchy. Why? Well, as the Athenians saw it, under an electoral system no one can obtain political office unless he is already famous: this gives prominent politicians an unfair advanta ...
... anti-democratic. Proposals to replace sortition with election were always condemned as moves in the direction of oligarchy. Why? Well, as the Athenians saw it, under an electoral system no one can obtain political office unless he is already famous: this gives prominent politicians an unfair advanta ...
Ancient Greece: Pots
... Greece. Pottery is on e of the most durable materials and even when broken, the pieces of a pot can usually be put together again. This means that pottery is one of the most important sources of evidence for ancient Greece, whether this is for contacts within the Greek world, artistic influences fro ...
... Greece. Pottery is on e of the most durable materials and even when broken, the pieces of a pot can usually be put together again. This means that pottery is one of the most important sources of evidence for ancient Greece, whether this is for contacts within the Greek world, artistic influences fro ...
Life, Death and Litigation in the Athenian Agora
... the Athenians were so eager to go to law, even though lawyers had not yet been invented, is less clear. Certainly some responsibility lies with Solon, the early 6th-century B.C. lawgiver ( I ) , who according to Aristotle (Ath. Pol. 9. I ) first made it possible “for anyone who wished (ho bouhenos) ...
... the Athenians were so eager to go to law, even though lawyers had not yet been invented, is less clear. Certainly some responsibility lies with Solon, the early 6th-century B.C. lawgiver ( I ) , who according to Aristotle (Ath. Pol. 9. I ) first made it possible “for anyone who wished (ho bouhenos) ...
- The Heritage Podcast
... >>TheAthenians and Peloponnesians began the war by breaking the thirty years' peace which they had made after the capture of Euboea. As to why they broke it, I have first set down the grievances (aitiai) and disputes (diaphorai), so that no one need ever enquire from what origin so great a war broke ...
... >>TheAthenians and Peloponnesians began the war by breaking the thirty years' peace which they had made after the capture of Euboea. As to why they broke it, I have first set down the grievances (aitiai) and disputes (diaphorai), so that no one need ever enquire from what origin so great a war broke ...
1 - cloudfront.net
... some bronze statue were less difficult ......................................................................................... It would be hard to discover a healthier or more completely developed human being, physically speaking, than the Spartan. Their gymnastic training in fact, makes demands a ...
... some bronze statue were less difficult ......................................................................................... It would be hard to discover a healthier or more completely developed human being, physically speaking, than the Spartan. Their gymnastic training in fact, makes demands a ...
Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου Κύρι
... Themistocles was born between 527 and 524 BC; he was the son of Neocles of the deme of Phrearria . The information on his mother’s descent is contradictory: she possibly originated from Thrace or Halicarnassus or from Acarnania.1 Themistocles was not educated in the schools of the pure Athenians but ...
... Themistocles was born between 527 and 524 BC; he was the son of Neocles of the deme of Phrearria . The information on his mother’s descent is contradictory: she possibly originated from Thrace or Halicarnassus or from Acarnania.1 Themistocles was not educated in the schools of the pure Athenians but ...
Rood 2009 - Sites@Duke
... It is essential for the design of the narrative that the account of the Persian Wars that Thucydides does give is placed where it is. It prepares for Thucydides' account of Athens' rise to power straight after the Persian Wars (the Pentekontaetia): an account that justifies Thucydides' claim that th ...
... It is essential for the design of the narrative that the account of the Persian Wars that Thucydides does give is placed where it is. It prepares for Thucydides' account of Athens' rise to power straight after the Persian Wars (the Pentekontaetia): an account that justifies Thucydides' claim that th ...
English PDF
... seat ofculture and education (2). King Attalos I1 ofPergamon, for instance, who had studied as a youth under the philosopher Karneades in Athens, dedicated the large stoa which borders the east side of the square ( I ) . Once the decision to build had been made, the labor force was assembled. It wou ...
... seat ofculture and education (2). King Attalos I1 ofPergamon, for instance, who had studied as a youth under the philosopher Karneades in Athens, dedicated the large stoa which borders the east side of the square ( I ) . Once the decision to build had been made, the labor force was assembled. It wou ...
two notes on athenian epigrams - The American School of Classical
... JACOBY'S discussion (Hlesperica, XIV, 1945, p. 158, note 8) of the frago mentarily preserved epigram published as I.G., 12, 609 is based on the assumption that the second line was engraved later than the first line. A study of the monument, or even of the photographs illustrated by Kirchner, makes i ...
... JACOBY'S discussion (Hlesperica, XIV, 1945, p. 158, note 8) of the frago mentarily preserved epigram published as I.G., 12, 609 is based on the assumption that the second line was engraved later than the first line. A study of the monument, or even of the photographs illustrated by Kirchner, makes i ...
YEAR 3: ANCIENT GREECE- UNIT 2 (5 lessons)
... Lesson 3. Alexander’s conquest of Greece Alexander became king of Macedonia aged 19, and by the age of 21 he had conquered the whole of Greece. Alexander’s ambition was without limit, and he was extremely cruel in his efforts to unite each of the Greek city-states into one Empire. When the Greek ci ...
... Lesson 3. Alexander’s conquest of Greece Alexander became king of Macedonia aged 19, and by the age of 21 he had conquered the whole of Greece. Alexander’s ambition was without limit, and he was extremely cruel in his efforts to unite each of the Greek city-states into one Empire. When the Greek ci ...
Menaldo - North American Business Press
... and wealth toward Athens’s more noble activities, such as political participation, public works, and philosophical and aesthetic achievement. TRANSFORMATIVE AMBITION AND TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP Political ambition, I argue, is partly a product of a leader’s unique development and personal experien ...
... and wealth toward Athens’s more noble activities, such as political participation, public works, and philosophical and aesthetic achievement. TRANSFORMATIVE AMBITION AND TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP Political ambition, I argue, is partly a product of a leader’s unique development and personal experien ...
The Parthenon is dedicated to Athena Parthenos and
... Parthenon is built completely from Pentalic marble, although parts of its foundations are limestone from a pre-480 BCE temple that was never completed. The design of the Parthenon varies slightly from the basic temple ground plan . The temple is peripteral, and so is surrounded by a row of columns. ...
... Parthenon is built completely from Pentalic marble, although parts of its foundations are limestone from a pre-480 BCE temple that was never completed. The design of the Parthenon varies slightly from the basic temple ground plan . The temple is peripteral, and so is surrounded by a row of columns. ...
Unit 11 Love Matters Name: Class
... Helen and the stolen treasure be returned. Priam refused, and Odysseus and Menelaus returned to the Greek ships with the announcement that war was inevitable. During the first nine years of the war, the Greeks won many important battles and the Trojan hero Hector fell. However, the Greeks could not ...
... Helen and the stolen treasure be returned. Priam refused, and Odysseus and Menelaus returned to the Greek ships with the announcement that war was inevitable. During the first nine years of the war, the Greeks won many important battles and the Trojan hero Hector fell. However, the Greeks could not ...
The Iliad and the Odyssey
... heals where she held him. During the war, Achilles is forced to give up his war prize, a slave girl, to Agamemnon, and so he refuses to fight. Patroclus, his friend, asks Achilles if he may ride out in his armor so the Trojans would lose heart. ...
... heals where she held him. During the war, Achilles is forced to give up his war prize, a slave girl, to Agamemnon, and so he refuses to fight. Patroclus, his friend, asks Achilles if he may ride out in his armor so the Trojans would lose heart. ...
FREE Sample Here
... 21. By confronting the Greeks with the differences between themselves and the new people they met, colonization gave them a sense of cultural identity and fostered a ___________ spirit. (Answer: Panhellenic, page 41) 22. In some cities the crisis produced by new economic and social conditions led to ...
... 21. By confronting the Greeks with the differences between themselves and the new people they met, colonization gave them a sense of cultural identity and fostered a ___________ spirit. (Answer: Panhellenic, page 41) 22. In some cities the crisis produced by new economic and social conditions led to ...
Solon and the Early Athenian Government Athens may be
... aristocracy around the eighth to seventh century BC. Similar developments were taking place across Greece at this time as monarchies gave way to oligarchies, governments ruled by a small group of aristocrats. In Athens, the king was not eliminated but had to share his power with two other officehold ...
... aristocracy around the eighth to seventh century BC. Similar developments were taking place across Greece at this time as monarchies gave way to oligarchies, governments ruled by a small group of aristocrats. In Athens, the king was not eliminated but had to share his power with two other officehold ...
Legacy of the Parthenon
... Athens were the Attalids of Pergamon. Having carved out a small kingdom in the third century BCE on what today would be the western coast of Turkey, the Attalids were soon faced with a deadly threat – invasion from the Celtic people known as the Gauls. These Gauls, with spiked hair, body paint and f ...
... Athens were the Attalids of Pergamon. Having carved out a small kingdom in the third century BCE on what today would be the western coast of Turkey, the Attalids were soon faced with a deadly threat – invasion from the Celtic people known as the Gauls. These Gauls, with spiked hair, body paint and f ...
Internal Assessment Resource
... comments on individual components of the Athenian system of government but does tend to make generalisations that the wars were significant to their development. To meet a clear Merit the student could provide more in-depth understanding of how the wars affected both Athens and Persia in a wider con ...
... comments on individual components of the Athenian system of government but does tend to make generalisations that the wars were significant to their development. To meet a clear Merit the student could provide more in-depth understanding of how the wars affected both Athens and Persia in a wider con ...
Name: Date: History: Socrates Biography Period: Socrates
... Socrates was born in 470 B.C. in Athens, and participated in 3 military campaigns of the Peloponnesian War as a hoplite soldier. During the war, he saved the life of Alcibiades, a popular Athenian general. Socrates was known for his courage in battle and fearlessness, a trait that stayed with him th ...
... Socrates was born in 470 B.C. in Athens, and participated in 3 military campaigns of the Peloponnesian War as a hoplite soldier. During the war, he saved the life of Alcibiades, a popular Athenian general. Socrates was known for his courage in battle and fearlessness, a trait that stayed with him th ...
Sleepwalkers in Athens: Power, Norms, and Ambiguity in Thucydides
... tensively in English and in Greek on Greek foreign policy, US foreign policy and the war on terror, Turkey, the Balkans, the effects of disaster diplomacy, EU foreign policy and European security. He is a senior research associate at the Karamanlis Foundation and serves as the Director of Navarino N ...
... tensively in English and in Greek on Greek foreign policy, US foreign policy and the war on terror, Turkey, the Balkans, the effects of disaster diplomacy, EU foreign policy and European security. He is a senior research associate at the Karamanlis Foundation and serves as the Director of Navarino N ...
Thucydides and the Rise of the Four Hundred.
... Phrynichus realized the foolishness of this strategy, but personal motives prevented him from warning his fellow citizens. Some conspirators may have been serious in their efforts to reform the Athenian constitution (see Osborne 2003). However, their discussions remained private until 411, and they ...
... Phrynichus realized the foolishness of this strategy, but personal motives prevented him from warning his fellow citizens. Some conspirators may have been serious in their efforts to reform the Athenian constitution (see Osborne 2003). However, their discussions remained private until 411, and they ...
Ancient Greek warfare
The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.