- The Human Brain
... integrated motor response passes to the spinal motoneuron via the pyramidal tract . On almost every level (spinal cord - thalamus - striatum - cortex) interneuronal systems take part in the message processing in an inhibitory or facilitatory fashion . The interneuronal system with multiple synaptic ...
... integrated motor response passes to the spinal motoneuron via the pyramidal tract . On almost every level (spinal cord - thalamus - striatum - cortex) interneuronal systems take part in the message processing in an inhibitory or facilitatory fashion . The interneuronal system with multiple synaptic ...
Modulation of premotor circuits controlling locomotor activity by
... Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated motor behaviors relies on the complex interplay between supraspinal brain structures and circ ...
... Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated motor behaviors relies on the complex interplay between supraspinal brain structures and circ ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... a sus resúmenes e índices. ...
... a sus resúmenes e índices. ...
battisti_nnconvulsions_en - ORBi
... Consistently associated with electrocortical seizure activity on the EEG Cannot be provoked by tactile stimulation Cannot be suppressed by restraint of involved limb or repositioning of the infant Related to hyper synchronous discharges of a critical mass of neuron ...
... Consistently associated with electrocortical seizure activity on the EEG Cannot be provoked by tactile stimulation Cannot be suppressed by restraint of involved limb or repositioning of the infant Related to hyper synchronous discharges of a critical mass of neuron ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... central administration of resveratrol is modulated by the autonomic nervous system. Hepatic vagotomy attenuated this effect (Knight et al., 2011) suggesting the involvement of synaptic mechanisms at the level of DMV. Here, we have assessed the excitatory control of DMV neurons following SIRT1 activa ...
... central administration of resveratrol is modulated by the autonomic nervous system. Hepatic vagotomy attenuated this effect (Knight et al., 2011) suggesting the involvement of synaptic mechanisms at the level of DMV. Here, we have assessed the excitatory control of DMV neurons following SIRT1 activa ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate the neural mechanisms that influence the emotional response to a threat. These procedures were designed to investigate conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response (UCR). The specific aims were to better understand the role of associative l ...
... employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate the neural mechanisms that influence the emotional response to a threat. These procedures were designed to investigate conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response (UCR). The specific aims were to better understand the role of associative l ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... All of the prepared sections through the hypothalamus in one series were examined and charted. Labeled neurons were counted by outlining the area of interest (e.g., one nucleus) by moving the X and Y axes of the stage of the microscope. The number of labeled neurons within the enclosed area was calc ...
... All of the prepared sections through the hypothalamus in one series were examined and charted. Labeled neurons were counted by outlining the area of interest (e.g., one nucleus) by moving the X and Y axes of the stage of the microscope. The number of labeled neurons within the enclosed area was calc ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... the organization of the orexin neuronal system. Abbreviations: 3V, third ventricle; 4V, fourth ventricle; Amyg, amygdala; VLPO, ventrolateral preoptic area; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus; ARC, arcuate nucleus; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamus ...
... the organization of the orexin neuronal system. Abbreviations: 3V, third ventricle; 4V, fourth ventricle; Amyg, amygdala; VLPO, ventrolateral preoptic area; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus; ARC, arcuate nucleus; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamus ...
Seven principles in the regulation of adult neurogenesis
... Passing of time affects all regulatory and controlling events. However, at least in rodents and humans, adult neurogenesis only decreases dramatically during a time, when – strictly speaking – it should not even be called truly ‘adult’ – childhood and adolescence (Ben Abdallah et al., 2010; Knoth et ...
... Passing of time affects all regulatory and controlling events. However, at least in rodents and humans, adult neurogenesis only decreases dramatically during a time, when – strictly speaking – it should not even be called truly ‘adult’ – childhood and adolescence (Ben Abdallah et al., 2010; Knoth et ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... Figure 1 | Neuronal uptake of HMW tau from brain extract of rTg4510 tau-transgenic mouse. (a) Primary neurons were incubated with PBS-soluble brain extracts (3,000–150,000g centrifugation supernatant, 500 ng ml 1 human tau) from a 12-month-old rTg4510 mouse. (a, left) Immunostaining with human tau ...
... Figure 1 | Neuronal uptake of HMW tau from brain extract of rTg4510 tau-transgenic mouse. (a) Primary neurons were incubated with PBS-soluble brain extracts (3,000–150,000g centrifugation supernatant, 500 ng ml 1 human tau) from a 12-month-old rTg4510 mouse. (a, left) Immunostaining with human tau ...
melanogaster
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... more severe autoimmune diseases and neuroinflammation are observed in mice lacking H3R (749), the receptor confined to the CNS and controlling brain histamine levels. H4R on immune cells regulate cell migration and allergic responses in the periphery (135), and together with neuronal H3R may control ...
... more severe autoimmune diseases and neuroinflammation are observed in mice lacking H3R (749), the receptor confined to the CNS and controlling brain histamine levels. H4R on immune cells regulate cell migration and allergic responses in the periphery (135), and together with neuronal H3R may control ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... as a consequence of birth trauma and can result in lifetime morbidity; however, little is known regarding the evolving neuropathological processes it induces. In particular, mechanical forces during BPAI can concomittantly damage the spinal cord and may contribute to outcome. Here, we describe the f ...
... as a consequence of birth trauma and can result in lifetime morbidity; however, little is known regarding the evolving neuropathological processes it induces. In particular, mechanical forces during BPAI can concomittantly damage the spinal cord and may contribute to outcome. Here, we describe the f ...
The Placebo Effect
... By looking through PubMed and inserting the search word “placebo,” more than 115,000 papers can be found. Most of the papers are clinical trials in which an active treatment is compared with a placebo, some are reviews about placebo effects in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, and others are papers ...
... By looking through PubMed and inserting the search word “placebo,” more than 115,000 papers can be found. Most of the papers are clinical trials in which an active treatment is compared with a placebo, some are reviews about placebo effects in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, and others are papers ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... with the orbitofrontal cortex being especially important in the rapid, one-trial learning and reversal of stimulus–reinforcer associations. In neuroeconomics, these are termed “expected value” representations. Once the Tier 2 brain regions have determined whether the input is reinforcing, whether pr ...
... with the orbitofrontal cortex being especially important in the rapid, one-trial learning and reversal of stimulus–reinforcer associations. In neuroeconomics, these are termed “expected value” representations. Once the Tier 2 brain regions have determined whether the input is reinforcing, whether pr ...
Final Paper - The Oxbow School
... other cognitive pathways are extraordinary to study and understand. When I was a little kid I loved playing with color alphabet blocks. I loved to match the letters with colors, and build things according to the rainbow, and then see the word that they created. These correlations have evolved in my ...
... other cognitive pathways are extraordinary to study and understand. When I was a little kid I loved playing with color alphabet blocks. I loved to match the letters with colors, and build things according to the rainbow, and then see the word that they created. These correlations have evolved in my ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... Importantly, the ‘thalamic preparation’ may damage the ventral pallidum, which is part of the telencephalon, raising the possibility that ventral pallidum damage might similarly be responsible for the thalamic animal’s aversion to sucrose. The importance to positive hedonic reactions of a ventral te ...
... Importantly, the ‘thalamic preparation’ may damage the ventral pallidum, which is part of the telencephalon, raising the possibility that ventral pallidum damage might similarly be responsible for the thalamic animal’s aversion to sucrose. The importance to positive hedonic reactions of a ventral te ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... include the influence of two extrinsic inputs: a large ‘feedback’ projection from layer VI of visual cortex (for implementation of graceful degradation, discussed below) and an equally large ascending projection from the brainstem (gating by state, arousal, attention, and eye movements). Figure 2 (l ...
... include the influence of two extrinsic inputs: a large ‘feedback’ projection from layer VI of visual cortex (for implementation of graceful degradation, discussed below) and an equally large ascending projection from the brainstem (gating by state, arousal, attention, and eye movements). Figure 2 (l ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... naming, relies on the dorsal route for error-free phonological production. As Buchsbaum et al. (2011) explain: There is reason to believe that speakers rely to some extent on an auditory-phonological memory of words they are attempting to produce, as Wernicke proposed, or in modern motor control ter ...
... naming, relies on the dorsal route for error-free phonological production. As Buchsbaum et al. (2011) explain: There is reason to believe that speakers rely to some extent on an auditory-phonological memory of words they are attempting to produce, as Wernicke proposed, or in modern motor control ter ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... outperform their artificial counterparts.”1 This citation from the Caviar project description underscores the fact that our current artificial computation systems, as powerful as they are when processing large data sets, still fail miserably when compared to the interaction capability of biological ...
... outperform their artificial counterparts.”1 This citation from the Caviar project description underscores the fact that our current artificial computation systems, as powerful as they are when processing large data sets, still fail miserably when compared to the interaction capability of biological ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... different physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains rather unclear. A major difference is the fact that they exhibit distinct subcellular localization patterns. In particular, some if not all of PMCA found in neurons seems to be localized very close to the neurotransmitter release site ...
... different physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains rather unclear. A major difference is the fact that they exhibit distinct subcellular localization patterns. In particular, some if not all of PMCA found in neurons seems to be localized very close to the neurotransmitter release site ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... Chapter.1, begins with the motivation behind pursuing R&D in the field of neuromorphic systems. It then focuses on some basic concepts from neurobiology. A review of state-of-the art hardware implementation of biological synapses and their limitations are discussed. The concept of emerging non-volat ...
... Chapter.1, begins with the motivation behind pursuing R&D in the field of neuromorphic systems. It then focuses on some basic concepts from neurobiology. A review of state-of-the art hardware implementation of biological synapses and their limitations are discussed. The concept of emerging non-volat ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... understand reward function, we need to study behavior. Behavior becomes the key tool for investigating reward function, just as a radio telescope is a key tool for astronomy. The word reward has almost mystical connotations and is the subject of many philosophical treatises, from the ethics of the u ...
... understand reward function, we need to study behavior. Behavior becomes the key tool for investigating reward function, just as a radio telescope is a key tool for astronomy. The word reward has almost mystical connotations and is the subject of many philosophical treatises, from the ethics of the u ...
The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction
... Kisspeptins were originally isolated from human placenta (55, 78) and are derived from a larger precursor protein (FIGURE 2). The longest kisspeptin is 54 amino acids in length (Kp54), but shorter kisspeptins (Kp13, Kp14) have also been isolated corresponding to the carboxy terminus of Kp54. These s ...
... Kisspeptins were originally isolated from human placenta (55, 78) and are derived from a larger precursor protein (FIGURE 2). The longest kisspeptin is 54 amino acids in length (Kp54), but shorter kisspeptins (Kp13, Kp14) have also been isolated corresponding to the carboxy terminus of Kp54. These s ...
Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... rostral posterior parietal cortex (PPr; Manger et al., 2002) are cortices that exhibit multisensory properties and process multisensory information. All of these multisensory cortical areas are considered to be higher-order cortices, not only for the increased number of synaptic relays used to reach ...
... rostral posterior parietal cortex (PPr; Manger et al., 2002) are cortices that exhibit multisensory properties and process multisensory information. All of these multisensory cortical areas are considered to be higher-order cortices, not only for the increased number of synaptic relays used to reach ...