Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
Myotatic Reflex
... Sensitivity of the myotatic reflex (the extent to which a muscle can be stretched before it reflexly contracts) is determined ultimately by the contractile state of the polar regions of the intrafusal muscle fibers—because the degree of contraction of the polar regions determines the pre-existing bi ...
... Sensitivity of the myotatic reflex (the extent to which a muscle can be stretched before it reflexly contracts) is determined ultimately by the contractile state of the polar regions of the intrafusal muscle fibers—because the degree of contraction of the polar regions determines the pre-existing bi ...
Author`s personal copy Computational models of motivated action
... differential amplifier by subtracting away correlated noisy activity from both projection pathways, so that what is left at BG output is only the difference in learned value for each action. Second, simulations showed that the dual pathway mechanism, together with sufficient dynamic range in dopamine ...
... differential amplifier by subtracting away correlated noisy activity from both projection pathways, so that what is left at BG output is only the difference in learned value for each action. Second, simulations showed that the dual pathway mechanism, together with sufficient dynamic range in dopamine ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... association fibers mediate auto-associative memory function. The structure of this portion of the model is based on the strong and focused connectivity of the mossy fibers within the dentate gyrus and the high percentage of recurrent connectivity (reviewed in Treves and Rolls, 1992). This allows ind ...
... association fibers mediate auto-associative memory function. The structure of this portion of the model is based on the strong and focused connectivity of the mossy fibers within the dentate gyrus and the high percentage of recurrent connectivity (reviewed in Treves and Rolls, 1992). This allows ind ...
2015 CPSR Trainee Award Winners
... common consequence of stroke. A frustrating type of aphasia, anomia, involves difficulty naming people, places and actions. Executive control (EC) – loosely conceptualized as a supervisory system for higher-level cognitive functions – may be a critical factor. According to The Unity and Diversity Mo ...
... common consequence of stroke. A frustrating type of aphasia, anomia, involves difficulty naming people, places and actions. Executive control (EC) – loosely conceptualized as a supervisory system for higher-level cognitive functions – may be a critical factor. According to The Unity and Diversity Mo ...
Framework for Modeling the Cognitive Process
... but this framework does provide a useful way of viewing cognition. In time, this framework will be improved upon in support of the many details needed to model cognition. ...
... but this framework does provide a useful way of viewing cognition. In time, this framework will be improved upon in support of the many details needed to model cognition. ...
23. Parasympathetic nervous system
... Visceral sensory and autonomic neurons participate in visceral reflex arcs • Many are spinal reflexes such as defecation and micturition reflexes • Some only involve peripheral neurons: spinal cord not involved (not shown)* *e.g. “enteric” nervous system: 3 neuron reflex arcs entirely within the wa ...
... Visceral sensory and autonomic neurons participate in visceral reflex arcs • Many are spinal reflexes such as defecation and micturition reflexes • Some only involve peripheral neurons: spinal cord not involved (not shown)* *e.g. “enteric” nervous system: 3 neuron reflex arcs entirely within the wa ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... spike was convolved with a double exponential kernel that mimics a post-synaptic potential (1 ms rise and 20 ms fall). Onset latency was determined as the first time that spike frequency increased for at least three consecutive points (15 ms) and extended beyond 4 SD of the mean during the period of ...
... spike was convolved with a double exponential kernel that mimics a post-synaptic potential (1 ms rise and 20 ms fall). Onset latency was determined as the first time that spike frequency increased for at least three consecutive points (15 ms) and extended beyond 4 SD of the mean during the period of ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... However, in recent years, these two general approaches have given way to neural circuitry-based models that reflect a fuller appreciation of the fact that neurotransmitters act in an anatomically constrained fashion to produce specific biochemical effects at the cellular level, and that the localiza ...
... However, in recent years, these two general approaches have given way to neural circuitry-based models that reflect a fuller appreciation of the fact that neurotransmitters act in an anatomically constrained fashion to produce specific biochemical effects at the cellular level, and that the localiza ...
chapter two neural networks
... A neural network is a machine that is designed to simulate the way of a human brain works, which is composed of a large number neurons working to gather to solve a specific problem. The history of Artificial Neural Network can be traced back to the early 1940s. The first important paper on neural ne ...
... A neural network is a machine that is designed to simulate the way of a human brain works, which is composed of a large number neurons working to gather to solve a specific problem. The history of Artificial Neural Network can be traced back to the early 1940s. The first important paper on neural ne ...
Strasbourg, 15 April 1996 - Neurobiology and Developmental
... Title: “PSD95 scaffolding of vascular K+ channels in hypertension” (NIH RePORTER Abstract). This project will investigate a novel scaffolding molecule in the muscle cells of small cerebral arteries that may ensure that potassium channels are expressed in adequate numbers and in the right location in ...
... Title: “PSD95 scaffolding of vascular K+ channels in hypertension” (NIH RePORTER Abstract). This project will investigate a novel scaffolding molecule in the muscle cells of small cerebral arteries that may ensure that potassium channels are expressed in adequate numbers and in the right location in ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... We have recorded the responses of neurons of SI cortex with receptive fields on the finger tips during the categorization of the stimulus speeds (Romo et al., 1996). The results indicate that a class of neurons of SI cortex respond by increasing their impulse rates as a function of the stimulus spee ...
... We have recorded the responses of neurons of SI cortex with receptive fields on the finger tips during the categorization of the stimulus speeds (Romo et al., 1996). The results indicate that a class of neurons of SI cortex respond by increasing their impulse rates as a function of the stimulus spee ...
How cognitive theory guides neuroscience
... 1. Introduction Mental operations emerge from interactions among large populations of neurons and interconnected brain systems. Neuroscientists leverage the principles of physical reductionism and reconstructionism to explain not only the role of individual elements (neurons, ion channels, receptors ...
... 1. Introduction Mental operations emerge from interactions among large populations of neurons and interconnected brain systems. Neuroscientists leverage the principles of physical reductionism and reconstructionism to explain not only the role of individual elements (neurons, ion channels, receptors ...
Nature template
... 12. C. M. Gray, W. Singer, Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 1698-1702 (1989). 13. W. Singer, C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation ...
... 12. C. M. Gray, W. Singer, Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 1698-1702 (1989). 13. W. Singer, C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation ...
Neurons, Neural Networks, and Learning
... for all vectors from a learning set, whether their membership is recognized correctly. If so, no action is required. If not, a learning rule must be applied to adjust the weights. • This iterative process has to continue either until for all vectors from the learning set their membership will be rec ...
... for all vectors from a learning set, whether their membership is recognized correctly. If so, no action is required. If not, a learning rule must be applied to adjust the weights. • This iterative process has to continue either until for all vectors from the learning set their membership will be rec ...
An Evolutionary Approach to Art and Aesthetic Experience
... category; it hoodwinks us into considering these objects as aesthetic manifestations and viewing them as the beginning of the history of our art. It is not possible to account for all these archaeological remains with a single explanation (Nowell, 2006), let alone one that is so culturally contingen ...
... category; it hoodwinks us into considering these objects as aesthetic manifestations and viewing them as the beginning of the history of our art. It is not possible to account for all these archaeological remains with a single explanation (Nowell, 2006), let alone one that is so culturally contingen ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... (Fig. 1a, b), either input or target neurons are genetically prespeci®ed, whereas neurons of the remaining ®eld are naive until speci®ed by the identity of their partners during the connection process. In the third mechanism (Fig. 1c), input and target neurons are independently speci®ed. Here, we ex ...
... (Fig. 1a, b), either input or target neurons are genetically prespeci®ed, whereas neurons of the remaining ®eld are naive until speci®ed by the identity of their partners during the connection process. In the third mechanism (Fig. 1c), input and target neurons are independently speci®ed. Here, we ex ...
Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of
... which are often associated with cognitive dysfunctions such as impaired spatial memory and amnesia. That masticatory stimulation maintains cognitive function is also obvious from epidemiological studies showing that a decreased number of residual teeth, decreased use of doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010 ...
... which are often associated with cognitive dysfunctions such as impaired spatial memory and amnesia. That masticatory stimulation maintains cognitive function is also obvious from epidemiological studies showing that a decreased number of residual teeth, decreased use of doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010 ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... rather than peristimulus time histograms. This was because the timing of binocular rivalry effects within each trial was expected to be random with respect to stimulus onset time. Therefore, pooling data from multiple trials in a PSTH would tend to obscure rivalry effects rather than enhance them. S ...
... rather than peristimulus time histograms. This was because the timing of binocular rivalry effects within each trial was expected to be random with respect to stimulus onset time. Therefore, pooling data from multiple trials in a PSTH would tend to obscure rivalry effects rather than enhance them. S ...
Introduction 9 INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms in physiology and
... advance or delay in the onset of behavioral activity. However, it has been observed that light-induced phase resetting of the activity offset shows different kinetics than that of the onset. This phenomenon is most obvious following light pulses that are administered during the late subjective night ...
... advance or delay in the onset of behavioral activity. However, it has been observed that light-induced phase resetting of the activity offset shows different kinetics than that of the onset. This phenomenon is most obvious following light pulses that are administered during the late subjective night ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... switching is not fully understood from the human data alone. The switching-associated reconfiguration of cognitive processes indicated by the psychological studies is probably composed of serial and parallel neuronal activity changes which occur within a short period before the decision to switch. H ...
... switching is not fully understood from the human data alone. The switching-associated reconfiguration of cognitive processes indicated by the psychological studies is probably composed of serial and parallel neuronal activity changes which occur within a short period before the decision to switch. H ...
A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action Selection
... “channel”) in SNr/EP, resulting in selective disinhibition of basal ganglia output targets (Chevalier et al., 1985; Chevalier and Deniau, 1990). (10) Within the BG, there are many candidate mechanisms with the capacity for selection. At the internucleus level, we included in our model the circuit co ...
... “channel”) in SNr/EP, resulting in selective disinhibition of basal ganglia output targets (Chevalier et al., 1985; Chevalier and Deniau, 1990). (10) Within the BG, there are many candidate mechanisms with the capacity for selection. At the internucleus level, we included in our model the circuit co ...