the cell biology of neurogenesis - MPI
... protein nestin52; the maintenance of an apical surface and important features of apical–basal polarity such as an apical localization of centrosomes53 and prominin-1 REF. 40; the presence, at the most apical end of the lateral plasma membrane, of adherens junctions, proteins that associate with ad ...
... protein nestin52; the maintenance of an apical surface and important features of apical–basal polarity such as an apical localization of centrosomes53 and prominin-1 REF. 40; the presence, at the most apical end of the lateral plasma membrane, of adherens junctions, proteins that associate with ad ...
Cell type-specific pharmacology of NMDA receptors using masked
... regulation of synaptic functions in the central nervous system, such as synaptic plasticity (Malenka and Nicoll, 1993; Collingridge et al., 2004). NMDA-R dependent synaptic plasticity plays an important role in learning. This includes learning that can also have maladaptive consequences, for example ...
... regulation of synaptic functions in the central nervous system, such as synaptic plasticity (Malenka and Nicoll, 1993; Collingridge et al., 2004). NMDA-R dependent synaptic plasticity plays an important role in learning. This includes learning that can also have maladaptive consequences, for example ...
Anterolateral Systems
... Lie mainly in lateral thalamus All primary sensory modalities have relays in the lateral thalamus en route to their specific cortical target, with one exception* Reciprocal innervation w/ cortex ...
... Lie mainly in lateral thalamus All primary sensory modalities have relays in the lateral thalamus en route to their specific cortical target, with one exception* Reciprocal innervation w/ cortex ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... LFP = Local Field Potential EEG = ElectroEncephaloGram fMRI= functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ...
... LFP = Local Field Potential EEG = ElectroEncephaloGram fMRI= functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ...
PDF
... 38). We searched Pfam-annotated gene models for those with a sequence profile containing the characteristic rod domain. Additional BLAST searches were performed to confirm that our Pfam search had uncovered the entire complement of IF genes. From the whole-genome assembly of H. robusta, we identifie ...
... 38). We searched Pfam-annotated gene models for those with a sequence profile containing the characteristic rod domain. Additional BLAST searches were performed to confirm that our Pfam search had uncovered the entire complement of IF genes. From the whole-genome assembly of H. robusta, we identifie ...
the wnt antagonist sfrp1 is expressed in epiphyseal cartilage and
... protein Collagen Type II by 3 days of culture. Between 8 and 12 days of culture, there is an induction of genes associated with the hypertrophic phenotype, including Collagen Type X, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Indian Hedgehog. In this system, sFRP-1 expression is induced in response to high density c ...
... protein Collagen Type II by 3 days of culture. Between 8 and 12 days of culture, there is an induction of genes associated with the hypertrophic phenotype, including Collagen Type X, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Indian Hedgehog. In this system, sFRP-1 expression is induced in response to high density c ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... and deactivates with time constant of 250 ms. (D) Persistent pre-thenpost train of action potentials flips the dendritic compartment into upstate. While in the up-state, each pre-synaptic spike results in a largeamplitude dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential (black trace V (dendritic)), often ...
... and deactivates with time constant of 250 ms. (D) Persistent pre-thenpost train of action potentials flips the dendritic compartment into upstate. While in the up-state, each pre-synaptic spike results in a largeamplitude dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential (black trace V (dendritic)), often ...
NERVOUS SYSTEMS – FUNCTION AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL
... - membrane potential moves closer to threshold (more positive) A hyperpolarizing graded potential is inhibitory - membrane potential moves farther from threshold (more negative) ...
... - membrane potential moves closer to threshold (more positive) A hyperpolarizing graded potential is inhibitory - membrane potential moves farther from threshold (more negative) ...
56 Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
... all its input from the motor cortex, adjacent pre-motor and somatic sensory cortices of the brain. Transmits its output information back to the brain. Functions in a “feedback” manner with all of the cortical sensory-motor system to plan sequential voluntary body and limb movements, ...
... all its input from the motor cortex, adjacent pre-motor and somatic sensory cortices of the brain. Transmits its output information back to the brain. Functions in a “feedback” manner with all of the cortical sensory-motor system to plan sequential voluntary body and limb movements, ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... was that some neurons have smooth dendrites, while others have many spiny protrusions. In general, most neurons with spiny dendrites were later revealed to be glutamatergic and excitatory, while neurons with smooth dendrites for the most part release GABA and are inhibitory (Gabbott and Somogyi 1986 ...
... was that some neurons have smooth dendrites, while others have many spiny protrusions. In general, most neurons with spiny dendrites were later revealed to be glutamatergic and excitatory, while neurons with smooth dendrites for the most part release GABA and are inhibitory (Gabbott and Somogyi 1986 ...
associations
... •In an auto-associative memory, yk = xk , so the input and output spaces have the same dimensionality. In a hetero-associative memory, yk xk , hence in this case the dimensionality of the output space may or may not equal the dimensionality of the input space. •There are two phases involved in the ...
... •In an auto-associative memory, yk = xk , so the input and output spaces have the same dimensionality. In a hetero-associative memory, yk xk , hence in this case the dimensionality of the output space may or may not equal the dimensionality of the input space. •There are two phases involved in the ...
Neurons, Neural Networks, and Learning
... Threshold Neurons • Threshold (linearly separable) functions can be learned by a single threshold neuron • Non-threshold (nonlinearly separable) functions can not be learned by a single neuron. For learning of these functions a neural network created from threshold neurons is required ...
... Threshold Neurons • Threshold (linearly separable) functions can be learned by a single threshold neuron • Non-threshold (nonlinearly separable) functions can not be learned by a single neuron. For learning of these functions a neural network created from threshold neurons is required ...
Kidneys
... duct migrate caudally (towards the tail) and induce the adjacent mesenchyme to form the tubules of the initial kidney: the pronephros. In mammals, anterior (rostral) portions of the pronephric duct and tubules degenerate, while caudal portions persist and serve as central component of excretory syst ...
... duct migrate caudally (towards the tail) and induce the adjacent mesenchyme to form the tubules of the initial kidney: the pronephros. In mammals, anterior (rostral) portions of the pronephric duct and tubules degenerate, while caudal portions persist and serve as central component of excretory syst ...
ADA Compliant Lecture PowerPoint
... Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic plasticity ...
... Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic plasticity ...
Reprint (1.52 MB PDF)
... researchers have recorded and electrically stimulated cultured networks at multiple spatial locations (Gross et al., 1993b; Tateno and Jimbo, 1999; Shahaf and Marom, 2001). We developed a closed-loop paradigm (Potter et al., 1997; DeMarse et al., 2001; Potter et al., 2004) consisting of a sensory-mo ...
... researchers have recorded and electrically stimulated cultured networks at multiple spatial locations (Gross et al., 1993b; Tateno and Jimbo, 1999; Shahaf and Marom, 2001). We developed a closed-loop paradigm (Potter et al., 1997; DeMarse et al., 2001; Potter et al., 2004) consisting of a sensory-mo ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... membrane potentials over time, or indirectly by recording signals that are related to neural activity, such as magnetic field (MEG), blood flow, or blood oxygenation (fMRI). A change in a neuron’s membrane potential is largely determined by the synaptic input to a neuron. ...
... membrane potentials over time, or indirectly by recording signals that are related to neural activity, such as magnetic field (MEG), blood flow, or blood oxygenation (fMRI). A change in a neuron’s membrane potential is largely determined by the synaptic input to a neuron. ...
neural mechanisms for detecting and remembering novel events
... of time (hours to days) and are thought to be mediated by synaptic plasticity28. Effects that are similar to the repetition-related phenomena observed in neural activity can also be seen in activity-dependent correlates, such as the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal measured in functio ...
... of time (hours to days) and are thought to be mediated by synaptic plasticity28. Effects that are similar to the repetition-related phenomena observed in neural activity can also be seen in activity-dependent correlates, such as the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal measured in functio ...
Computational models of reinforcement learning
... known as critic) which determines the long term desirability of a state, based on how much future rewards can be expected for being in that state. The value function may or may not be contingent upon actions taken by the agent. In most models, the output of this function is computed as the Temporal ...
... known as critic) which determines the long term desirability of a state, based on how much future rewards can be expected for being in that state. The value function may or may not be contingent upon actions taken by the agent. In most models, the output of this function is computed as the Temporal ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
Forecasting & Demand Planner Module 4 – Basic Concepts
... neuron: basic building block – cell that communicates information to and from various parts of body ...
... neuron: basic building block – cell that communicates information to and from various parts of body ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... of brainstem activity, which is transferred along the paralemniscal pathway in parallel with the activity conveyed along the lemniscal pathway. These results are consistent with the 1±2-ms delay between VPM and POm activation by brainstem electrical stimulations16. Of course, POm activity following ...
... of brainstem activity, which is transferred along the paralemniscal pathway in parallel with the activity conveyed along the lemniscal pathway. These results are consistent with the 1±2-ms delay between VPM and POm activation by brainstem electrical stimulations16. Of course, POm activity following ...
Temporal and spatial neural dynamics in the perception of basic
... affiliative or approach responses. Therefore, the neural signature of sadness and happiness may involve a slower unfolding over time than that of fear or disgust (Fredrickson, 1998; Baumeister et al., 2001). Aside from its theoretical relevance, including the time element in our current understandin ...
... affiliative or approach responses. Therefore, the neural signature of sadness and happiness may involve a slower unfolding over time than that of fear or disgust (Fredrickson, 1998; Baumeister et al., 2001). Aside from its theoretical relevance, including the time element in our current understandin ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... Optogenetic inactivation of cortical feedback in primate visual cortex trial-by-trial variability), and found that these cells had stronger surround suppression (SI 78.0 ± 3.05% vs 49.0 ± 7.13%, pbootstrap < 10-5) and while statistically insignificant (pbootstrap = 0.06), they were most prevalent in ...
... Optogenetic inactivation of cortical feedback in primate visual cortex trial-by-trial variability), and found that these cells had stronger surround suppression (SI 78.0 ± 3.05% vs 49.0 ± 7.13%, pbootstrap < 10-5) and while statistically insignificant (pbootstrap = 0.06), they were most prevalent in ...
Jennifer S. Lund
... eye (the other occluded); the aim was to determine if they retained the compensation when vision was switched between the eyes to the side of the brain lacking the training experience and to an arm that was run from the opposite hemisphere: They do. My thesis writing was a difficult task; J. Z. Youn ...
... eye (the other occluded); the aim was to determine if they retained the compensation when vision was switched between the eyes to the side of the brain lacking the training experience and to an arm that was run from the opposite hemisphere: They do. My thesis writing was a difficult task; J. Z. Youn ...