Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... monkey. Moreover, after the original finding of Kornhuber and Deecke in 1965, other seminal study of EEG performed in humans suggested that the unconscious initiation of a free voluntary act occurs between the beginning of the readiness potential and the movement onset (Libet et al. 1983). This last ...
... monkey. Moreover, after the original finding of Kornhuber and Deecke in 1965, other seminal study of EEG performed in humans suggested that the unconscious initiation of a free voluntary act occurs between the beginning of the readiness potential and the movement onset (Libet et al. 1983). This last ...
Reward system - Basic Knowledge 101
... dendritic spines of the striatal GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) whereas dopaminergic inputs synapse onto the spine neck, allowing for an important and complex interaction between these two inputs in modulation of MSN activity ... It should also be noted that there is a small popula ...
... dendritic spines of the striatal GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) whereas dopaminergic inputs synapse onto the spine neck, allowing for an important and complex interaction between these two inputs in modulation of MSN activity ... It should also be noted that there is a small popula ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... the delay level activity, Di, of the response to the target at approximately the same time, tc. Furthermore, for each monkey, this common neuronal crossing time tc, which is 421 ms and 375 ms for monkeys B and I, respectively, is within 34 ms and 35 ms, respectively, of the attentional switching tim ...
... the delay level activity, Di, of the response to the target at approximately the same time, tc. Furthermore, for each monkey, this common neuronal crossing time tc, which is 421 ms and 375 ms for monkeys B and I, respectively, is within 34 ms and 35 ms, respectively, of the attentional switching tim ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... at the presynaptic membrane specialization, and (2) postsynaptic membrane specialization and thickening. The presence of synapses was confirmed by observing at least three consecutive sections. Synapses on HRP-labeled dendrites were often obscured by dense DAB reaction product and, therefore, did no ...
... at the presynaptic membrane specialization, and (2) postsynaptic membrane specialization and thickening. The presence of synapses was confirmed by observing at least three consecutive sections. Synapses on HRP-labeled dendrites were often obscured by dense DAB reaction product and, therefore, did no ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (g-aminobutyric acid) receptor. By using a behavioural learning paradigm, we show that picrotoxininduced desynchronization impairs the discriminat ...
... synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (g-aminobutyric acid) receptor. By using a behavioural learning paradigm, we show that picrotoxininduced desynchronization impairs the discriminat ...
Bidirectional propagation of Action potentials
... Signal propagation can be described uniform for neurons, regardsless of different neuron shapes and functions, in a model neuron. A signal travelling through the neuron can be seen as a linkage between four components. A input component, a trigger component, a long-distance component and a secretory ...
... Signal propagation can be described uniform for neurons, regardsless of different neuron shapes and functions, in a model neuron. A signal travelling through the neuron can be seen as a linkage between four components. A input component, a trigger component, a long-distance component and a secretory ...
fluctuations in somatosensory responsiveness and baseline firing
... sensory striatal neurons of SNr-intralaminar thalamic-striatal projections that may have been altered by intranigral APO injection. At the same time, an APO influence on SNr neurons could partially explain some motoric disturbances observed, i.e. via altered SNr transmission to motor thalamo-cortica ...
... sensory striatal neurons of SNr-intralaminar thalamic-striatal projections that may have been altered by intranigral APO injection. At the same time, an APO influence on SNr neurons could partially explain some motoric disturbances observed, i.e. via altered SNr transmission to motor thalamo-cortica ...
The Auditory System
... membrane is narrowest near the oval window (basal portion) and gradually widens toward the apex (Figure 12). Due to this fact and the associated changes in stiffness, high frequency sounds produce maximal displacement of the basilar membrane toward its basal end and progressively lower frequencies p ...
... membrane is narrowest near the oval window (basal portion) and gradually widens toward the apex (Figure 12). Due to this fact and the associated changes in stiffness, high frequency sounds produce maximal displacement of the basilar membrane toward its basal end and progressively lower frequencies p ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... term in the GL M (a total of six contrasts). We thresholded these summary statistical maps at p ⬍ 0.001 (uncorrected for multiple com- ...
... term in the GL M (a total of six contrasts). We thresholded these summary statistical maps at p ⬍ 0.001 (uncorrected for multiple com- ...
Cholinergic Cell Loss and Hypertrophy in the Medial Septal Nucleus
... The significance ofthis individual variability is that postmortem analyses can be directed toward identifying those neurobiological markers of aging that are specifically associated with senescent memory impairment. The present study represents the first in a series of investigations with the long-r ...
... The significance ofthis individual variability is that postmortem analyses can be directed toward identifying those neurobiological markers of aging that are specifically associated with senescent memory impairment. The present study represents the first in a series of investigations with the long-r ...
3_Bilaminar Embryo_(week2)
... o Duplication of male haplotype following monospermic fertiliazation of an ovum o Polyspermy (dispermic fertilization of ovum) o W/only paternal chromosomes, fetus will degenerate; h/w trophoblast persists & proliferates o Multivesicular mass w/diffuse hydropic villi fill uterine lumen o Symptoms: v ...
... o Duplication of male haplotype following monospermic fertiliazation of an ovum o Polyspermy (dispermic fertilization of ovum) o W/only paternal chromosomes, fetus will degenerate; h/w trophoblast persists & proliferates o Multivesicular mass w/diffuse hydropic villi fill uterine lumen o Symptoms: v ...
Conserved pattern of tangential neuronal migration
... generated in the subpallium are GABA positive. Restricted sectors of the dorsal and ventral subpallium express distinct genes and are responsible for the production of migrating cells. The DVR itself does not contribute any tangentially migrating neurons, but the region lying ventral to it appears t ...
... generated in the subpallium are GABA positive. Restricted sectors of the dorsal and ventral subpallium express distinct genes and are responsible for the production of migrating cells. The DVR itself does not contribute any tangentially migrating neurons, but the region lying ventral to it appears t ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... Dendritic morphology constrains brain activity, as it determines first which neuronal circuits are possible and second which dendritic computations can be performed over a neuron’s inputs. It is known that a range of chemical cues can influence the final shape of dendrites during development. Here, ...
... Dendritic morphology constrains brain activity, as it determines first which neuronal circuits are possible and second which dendritic computations can be performed over a neuron’s inputs. It is known that a range of chemical cues can influence the final shape of dendrites during development. Here, ...
Exam2006_AnswerKey
... defects. Using fruP1GAL4, UAS-cadence, express cad only in cell that also express fruitless P1 transcripts. These flies are mutant for cadence in all cells except those expressing fruitless P1 transcripts. If the two phenotypes are separable, one expects these males to become arrhythmic when switche ...
... defects. Using fruP1GAL4, UAS-cadence, express cad only in cell that also express fruitless P1 transcripts. These flies are mutant for cadence in all cells except those expressing fruitless P1 transcripts. If the two phenotypes are separable, one expects these males to become arrhythmic when switche ...
Cell numbers in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of AS and AS
... The area of the midbrain called the raphe nucleus can be divided into dorsal raphe and median raphe nuclei (DRN and MRN, respectively) and it is within these that the serotonergic neurons are concentrated [4,1,2,5], being most abundant in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The cells of the dorsal and median ...
... The area of the midbrain called the raphe nucleus can be divided into dorsal raphe and median raphe nuclei (DRN and MRN, respectively) and it is within these that the serotonergic neurons are concentrated [4,1,2,5], being most abundant in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The cells of the dorsal and median ...
CranialN11
... Function: regulate heart rate, gastric motility, bronchial muscle control, bronchial secretions. Distal to flexure: innervated by preganglionic n of sacral spinal cord. ...
... Function: regulate heart rate, gastric motility, bronchial muscle control, bronchial secretions. Distal to flexure: innervated by preganglionic n of sacral spinal cord. ...
Predicting Persuasion-Induced Behavior Change from the Brain
... motion, normalized into standard stereotactic space, and smoothed with an 8 mm Gaussian kernel full-width half-maximum. The task was modeled for participants at the single subject level, comparing activity while watching persuasive messages to activity at rest. A random effects model was constructed ...
... motion, normalized into standard stereotactic space, and smoothed with an 8 mm Gaussian kernel full-width half-maximum. The task was modeled for participants at the single subject level, comparing activity while watching persuasive messages to activity at rest. A random effects model was constructed ...
LiuPoster - Department of Mathematics
... • How well the trajectory can follow the fixed point is determined by Ti and Te in equations 1 and 2). In my model, Ti is set larger than Te (Ti=5, Te=2), so the trajectory follows the fixed point better in the E direction •At high synchronies, the movement of the fixed point is very rapid, and the ...
... • How well the trajectory can follow the fixed point is determined by Ti and Te in equations 1 and 2). In my model, Ti is set larger than Te (Ti=5, Te=2), so the trajectory follows the fixed point better in the E direction •At high synchronies, the movement of the fixed point is very rapid, and the ...
Neural Networks
... (neurons) working in unison to solve specific problems. NNs, like people, learn by example. An NN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process. Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections ...
... (neurons) working in unison to solve specific problems. NNs, like people, learn by example. An NN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process. Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections ...
Effect of deep brain stimulation on substantia nigra neurons in a
... Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which occurs mainly in the elderly. Recent studies have demonstrated that apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PD. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been recognized as ...
... Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which occurs mainly in the elderly. Recent studies have demonstrated that apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PD. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been recognized as ...
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 3
... Module 3: Brain’s Building Blocks ...
... Module 3: Brain’s Building Blocks ...
PRESENTATION NAME
... • How does the nervous system communicate electrical and chemical messages from one part to another? ...
... • How does the nervous system communicate electrical and chemical messages from one part to another? ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...