The Ventrolateral Hypothalamic Area and the Parvafox Nucleus
... locate the parvafox nucleus with the available Nisslbased maps of the LHA and to discuss what is known about its embryonic development. In the third section, the connections of the parvafox nucleus are discussed in the context of what is known concerning the connections of the LHA generally. In the ...
... locate the parvafox nucleus with the available Nisslbased maps of the LHA and to discuss what is known about its embryonic development. In the third section, the connections of the parvafox nucleus are discussed in the context of what is known concerning the connections of the LHA generally. In the ...
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... CHAPTER 13 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Brain and Spinal Cord CHAPTER OVERVIEW: This chapter provides an overview of the embryological development of the nervous system and detailed descriptions of the structure and function of the adult brain and spinal cord. Brain functions that are identified with a p ...
... CHAPTER 13 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Brain and Spinal Cord CHAPTER OVERVIEW: This chapter provides an overview of the embryological development of the nervous system and detailed descriptions of the structure and function of the adult brain and spinal cord. Brain functions that are identified with a p ...
Neurons
... small cells called glial cells (Gottesman & Hanson, 2005). These cells act as a kind of glue that helps hold neurons together. The word glial is derived from the Greek word for “glue.” Glial cells also support the nervous system by nourishing neurons, removing their waste products, and assisting the ...
... small cells called glial cells (Gottesman & Hanson, 2005). These cells act as a kind of glue that helps hold neurons together. The word glial is derived from the Greek word for “glue.” Glial cells also support the nervous system by nourishing neurons, removing their waste products, and assisting the ...
Neuronal adjustments in developing nuclear centers
... processes which take place in the developing sensory spinal ganglia, Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fo ...
... processes which take place in the developing sensory spinal ganglia, Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fo ...
Neurons
... The nature of a stimulus is determined by connections between the senses and the brain – All nervous systems interpret what a stimulus is by monitoring which neurons are firing action potentials – For example, the brain interprets action potentials that occur in the axons of the eye and travel to ...
... The nature of a stimulus is determined by connections between the senses and the brain – All nervous systems interpret what a stimulus is by monitoring which neurons are firing action potentials – For example, the brain interprets action potentials that occur in the axons of the eye and travel to ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... afferent terminals (Roberts, 1974; Takeuchi et al., 1983). Moreover, L-glutamate-binding sites are found in high density in the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Greenamyre et al., 1984) suggesting that amino acids may function as sensory transmitters released from cutaneous afferents. Dir ...
... afferent terminals (Roberts, 1974; Takeuchi et al., 1983). Moreover, L-glutamate-binding sites are found in high density in the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Greenamyre et al., 1984) suggesting that amino acids may function as sensory transmitters released from cutaneous afferents. Dir ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... Slide 13. High intensity stimulation of almost any part of the cerebral cortex produces a movement. However, the primary motor cortex produces movements with the lowest levels of stimulation. During brain surgery, the cortex may be stimulated and the resulting movements can be recorded. Stimulation ...
... Slide 13. High intensity stimulation of almost any part of the cerebral cortex produces a movement. However, the primary motor cortex produces movements with the lowest levels of stimulation. During brain surgery, the cortex may be stimulated and the resulting movements can be recorded. Stimulation ...
Ventral Cell Rearrangements Contribute to Anterior
... 1989). The inability of dorsal tissue to lengthen normally in vitro at these late stages is consistent with the findings of Tucker and Slack (1995) regarding tailbud explants which also lengthened less than tailbuds of intact embryos. Separation of only the anterior or posterior region also prevente ...
... 1989). The inability of dorsal tissue to lengthen normally in vitro at these late stages is consistent with the findings of Tucker and Slack (1995) regarding tailbud explants which also lengthened less than tailbuds of intact embryos. Separation of only the anterior or posterior region also prevente ...
Brain activity during non-automatic motor production of discrete multi
... constant frequency during this interval, while buildup cells either increase or decrease firing [21]. In our experiment, the periods between the visual instruction and response were B3 s longer during TIME than during PRESSURE, hence set related and buildup neurones were probably active for longer p ...
... constant frequency during this interval, while buildup cells either increase or decrease firing [21]. In our experiment, the periods between the visual instruction and response were B3 s longer during TIME than during PRESSURE, hence set related and buildup neurones were probably active for longer p ...
Hierarchical somatosensory processing
... [61] and for the bilateral joints [1,2,65]. Taoka e[crL ((23”]; hl Taoka, T Toda, Y Iwamura, Sot ;‘vpuro.k Abstr 1997, 23: 1007) have shown that the RF properties of bilateral neurons are more complex in the anterior bank of IPS (the majority in area 5) than in the crown of the postcentral gyrus, su ...
... [61] and for the bilateral joints [1,2,65]. Taoka e[crL ((23”]; hl Taoka, T Toda, Y Iwamura, Sot ;‘vpuro.k Abstr 1997, 23: 1007) have shown that the RF properties of bilateral neurons are more complex in the anterior bank of IPS (the majority in area 5) than in the crown of the postcentral gyrus, su ...
Regulation of Respiration
... (1) a dorsal respiratory group (DRG), located in the dorsal portion of the medulla( causes Inspiration) (2) a ventral respiratory group (VRG), located in the ventrolateral part of the medulla, ( causes expiration) and (3) the pontine centers a- pneumotaxic center, located dorsally in the superior po ...
... (1) a dorsal respiratory group (DRG), located in the dorsal portion of the medulla( causes Inspiration) (2) a ventral respiratory group (VRG), located in the ventrolateral part of the medulla, ( causes expiration) and (3) the pontine centers a- pneumotaxic center, located dorsally in the superior po ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... attentional variability in cortical neurons. Note that the bottom-up and top-down hypotheses shown here are the two possible extremes. The brain may actually implement any number of hybrid models, incorporating components from both hypotheses. ...
... attentional variability in cortical neurons. Note that the bottom-up and top-down hypotheses shown here are the two possible extremes. The brain may actually implement any number of hybrid models, incorporating components from both hypotheses. ...
Molecular anatomical investigation of the 2
... 1. Endocannabinoid system at the afferent excitatory synapses of hippocampal principal cells The lipid derivative 2-AG is the most abundant endocannabinoid in the central nervous system. The serine hydrolase DGL-α was one of its candidate synthesizing enzymes among many potential other enzymes aroun ...
... 1. Endocannabinoid system at the afferent excitatory synapses of hippocampal principal cells The lipid derivative 2-AG is the most abundant endocannabinoid in the central nervous system. The serine hydrolase DGL-α was one of its candidate synthesizing enzymes among many potential other enzymes aroun ...
Hebbian modification of a hippocampal population
... synapses providing input to CA1 cells during sharp waves had undergone potentiation. 5. Our findings show that the Hebbian pairing of cellular activation with spontaneous, naturally occurring synaptic events is capable of inducing LTP. It is widely postulated that long-term potentiation (LTP) serves ...
... synapses providing input to CA1 cells during sharp waves had undergone potentiation. 5. Our findings show that the Hebbian pairing of cellular activation with spontaneous, naturally occurring synaptic events is capable of inducing LTP. It is widely postulated that long-term potentiation (LTP) serves ...
Neural Communication
... sort of natural "force". This process requires no energy expenditure on the part of the cell. One of these forces in neuronal communication is diffusion. An ion that is in high concentration in one area will tend to move, or diffuse, to an area of lower concentration. So, for example, when an ion is ...
... sort of natural "force". This process requires no energy expenditure on the part of the cell. One of these forces in neuronal communication is diffusion. An ion that is in high concentration in one area will tend to move, or diffuse, to an area of lower concentration. So, for example, when an ion is ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... They suck up the spilt over neuro-transmitters, and others provide myelin sheets around the axons of neurons. More important for us are the neurons. There are some 1011 neurons in a human brain. The basic anatomy of the neurons is shown in Fig. 1.4: Every neuron has a cell body, or soma, contains th ...
... They suck up the spilt over neuro-transmitters, and others provide myelin sheets around the axons of neurons. More important for us are the neurons. There are some 1011 neurons in a human brain. The basic anatomy of the neurons is shown in Fig. 1.4: Every neuron has a cell body, or soma, contains th ...
Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... preganglionic neurons with axons exiting in VII and IX cranial nerves. Other brainstem parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (with axons exiting in III and X) do not appear to contain markers for NOS (Kowall and Mueller, 1988; W. P. Gai and W. W. Blessing, unpublished observations). The rostrally lo ...
... preganglionic neurons with axons exiting in VII and IX cranial nerves. Other brainstem parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (with axons exiting in III and X) do not appear to contain markers for NOS (Kowall and Mueller, 1988; W. P. Gai and W. W. Blessing, unpublished observations). The rostrally lo ...
Cell Density in the Border Zone Around Old Small Human Brain
... coronal and the horizontal planes at various distances from the margin of the infarct. Corresponding counting points in the contralateral hemisphere served as control. On light microscopy, the infarcted cortex was irregularly shaped, but on serial sections the bulging parts appeared to be cut off fr ...
... coronal and the horizontal planes at various distances from the margin of the infarct. Corresponding counting points in the contralateral hemisphere served as control. On light microscopy, the infarcted cortex was irregularly shaped, but on serial sections the bulging parts appeared to be cut off fr ...
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... reward prediction errors: a signal representing error in the timing of reward prediction, which may be related to the TD model, and a signal coding for error in the type and amount of reward prediction, which may be related to the adaptive resonance network. Whereas description of this network is be ...
... reward prediction errors: a signal representing error in the timing of reward prediction, which may be related to the TD model, and a signal coding for error in the type and amount of reward prediction, which may be related to the adaptive resonance network. Whereas description of this network is be ...