A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... for intrinsic connections among neuronal populations. By deriving canonical forms for these computations, one can associate specific neuronal populations with specific computational roles. This analysis discloses a remarkable correspondence between the microcircuitry of the cortical column and the c ...
... for intrinsic connections among neuronal populations. By deriving canonical forms for these computations, one can associate specific neuronal populations with specific computational roles. This analysis discloses a remarkable correspondence between the microcircuitry of the cortical column and the c ...
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... firing patterns emerge as a result of path integration in continuous attractor networks composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, with membrane potential dynamics that approximate real neurons (Fig. 1). We will argue that this class of models is particularly useful as they can be constrained by ...
... firing patterns emerge as a result of path integration in continuous attractor networks composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, with membrane potential dynamics that approximate real neurons (Fig. 1). We will argue that this class of models is particularly useful as they can be constrained by ...
The Pathogenesis of Fever
... — Normal temperature between 36.3°C and 37.5°C — Trough at dawn, peak in evening — Elderly have temperature 0.5°C lower ...
... — Normal temperature between 36.3°C and 37.5°C — Trough at dawn, peak in evening — Elderly have temperature 0.5°C lower ...
Wnt Signaling Mutants Have Decreased Dentate Granule Cell
... LRP6 and Lef1 alleles are additive in their effect on The dentate gyrus at late gestation consists primarily of four dentate development cell types: Cajal–Retzius cells, hilar pyramidal neurons (CA4 and Based on our understanding of the canonical Wnt signaling pathCA3c), recently born dentate granul ...
... LRP6 and Lef1 alleles are additive in their effect on The dentate gyrus at late gestation consists primarily of four dentate development cell types: Cajal–Retzius cells, hilar pyramidal neurons (CA4 and Based on our understanding of the canonical Wnt signaling pathCA3c), recently born dentate granul ...
Representation of naturalistic image structure in the primate visual
... Visual texture: models and human perception “Visual texture” refers to portions of an image that are filled with repeated elements, often subject to some randomization in their location, size, color, orientation, etc; for example, an image of leaves, or pebbles, or tree bark (Fig. 1a). Lettvin (1976 ...
... Visual texture: models and human perception “Visual texture” refers to portions of an image that are filled with repeated elements, often subject to some randomization in their location, size, color, orientation, etc; for example, an image of leaves, or pebbles, or tree bark (Fig. 1a). Lettvin (1976 ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... of the PNS is clearly conducive for axonal regrowth of either peripheral or central axons (23, 53, 54, 68), while the mature CNS environment is refractory to axonal regrowth, due at least in part to the inhibitory influence of CNS myelin (4, 10, 15, 18, 19, 55, 57, 59). In addition, it is likely tha ...
... of the PNS is clearly conducive for axonal regrowth of either peripheral or central axons (23, 53, 54, 68), while the mature CNS environment is refractory to axonal regrowth, due at least in part to the inhibitory influence of CNS myelin (4, 10, 15, 18, 19, 55, 57, 59). In addition, it is likely tha ...
hanPNAS11
... Golli-Gfp or lacked CldU, but none expressed ZFPM2. Most importantly, as defined by the highly conservative triple criteria (Golli-Gfp+, ZFPM2+, and CldU−), no L6 neurons were labeled by the retrograde tracer in any of the traced Tbr1+/+ brains (n = 8). In contrast, defined by the same stringent crite ...
... Golli-Gfp or lacked CldU, but none expressed ZFPM2. Most importantly, as defined by the highly conservative triple criteria (Golli-Gfp+, ZFPM2+, and CldU−), no L6 neurons were labeled by the retrograde tracer in any of the traced Tbr1+/+ brains (n = 8). In contrast, defined by the same stringent crite ...
Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... The number of neurons in a cortical column has been previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 0 ...
... The number of neurons in a cortical column has been previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 0 ...
Induction of primordial germ cells from murine epiblasts by
... heterodimers of DPP and 60A classes of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are more potent than each homodimers in bone and mesoderm induction in vitro, suggesting that BMP4 and BMP8B may form heterodimers to induce PGCs. To investigate how BMP4 and BMP8B interact and signal for PGC induction, we coc ...
... heterodimers of DPP and 60A classes of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are more potent than each homodimers in bone and mesoderm induction in vitro, suggesting that BMP4 and BMP8B may form heterodimers to induce PGCs. To investigate how BMP4 and BMP8B interact and signal for PGC induction, we coc ...
Biological Foundations of Behaviour
... Figure 3.2 From resting potential to action potential. When a neuron is not being stimulated, a difference in electrical charge of about −70 millivolts (mV) exists between the interior and the surface of the neuron. (a) This resting potential is caused by the uneven distribution of positively and n ...
... Figure 3.2 From resting potential to action potential. When a neuron is not being stimulated, a difference in electrical charge of about −70 millivolts (mV) exists between the interior and the surface of the neuron. (a) This resting potential is caused by the uneven distribution of positively and n ...
Optimized Parallel Coding of Second
... This work was supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec–Nature et Technologies and the Canada Research ...
... This work was supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec–Nature et Technologies and the Canada Research ...
Uygar Sümbül - Department of Statistics
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
temporal visual event recognition
... influence of top-down versus the bottom-up part. This bottomup, top-down coupling is not new [6]. The novelty for this paper is twofold: first, the top-down activation originates from the previous time step (t − 1) and second, nonzero topdown parameter (α > 0) is used in the testing phase. These sim ...
... influence of top-down versus the bottom-up part. This bottomup, top-down coupling is not new [6]. The novelty for this paper is twofold: first, the top-down activation originates from the previous time step (t − 1) and second, nonzero topdown parameter (α > 0) is used in the testing phase. These sim ...
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... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
Proceedings of 2013 BMI the Second International Conference on
... There is a growing body of research about the outcomes of using virtual avatars (and other mediated self-representations). For example, the Proteus Effect suggests that people behave in ways that conform to their avatars' characteristics, even after avatar use, e.g., using taller avatars leads to mo ...
... There is a growing body of research about the outcomes of using virtual avatars (and other mediated self-representations). For example, the Proteus Effect suggests that people behave in ways that conform to their avatars' characteristics, even after avatar use, e.g., using taller avatars leads to mo ...
Binary decision of the lateral plate - Development
... binary decision during early specification of the lateral plate. In this report we studied the molecular mechanisms of this binary decision. We first demonstrate that the splitting of the lateral plate into the two cell sheets progresses in an anteroposterior order and this progression is not coordi ...
... binary decision during early specification of the lateral plate. In this report we studied the molecular mechanisms of this binary decision. We first demonstrate that the splitting of the lateral plate into the two cell sheets progresses in an anteroposterior order and this progression is not coordi ...
Neuroscience: Science of the Brain
... called the thalamus and the hypothalamus: The thalamus relays impulses from all sensory systems to the cerebral cortex, which in turn sends messages back to the thalamus. This back-and-forward aspect of connectivity in the brain is intriguing - information doesn’t just travel one way. The hypothalam ...
... called the thalamus and the hypothalamus: The thalamus relays impulses from all sensory systems to the cerebral cortex, which in turn sends messages back to the thalamus. This back-and-forward aspect of connectivity in the brain is intriguing - information doesn’t just travel one way. The hypothalam ...
Neuron the Memory Unit of the Brain
... period after the actual sensory experience. But the signals can be replaced by new sensory signals in less than one second. The sensory memory is composed of multiple register also called buffer one for each sense, the sensory memory does not process the information produced by the stimuli but detec ...
... period after the actual sensory experience. But the signals can be replaced by new sensory signals in less than one second. The sensory memory is composed of multiple register also called buffer one for each sense, the sensory memory does not process the information produced by the stimuli but detec ...
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... involved with both ‘‘low’’ level (e.g., pain and sweet) and ‘‘high’’ level punishments and rewards (e.g., stress and pleasure), we will simply use the terms pain and sweet for our discussion below due to their intuitiveness. They must be related to the further signal processing in the brain and the ...
... involved with both ‘‘low’’ level (e.g., pain and sweet) and ‘‘high’’ level punishments and rewards (e.g., stress and pleasure), we will simply use the terms pain and sweet for our discussion below due to their intuitiveness. They must be related to the further signal processing in the brain and the ...
Dorsal Mesoderm Has a Dual Origin and Forms by
... longitudinal zones: two lateral zones separated by a midline zone. The edges of each zone are indicated by sharp morphological boundaries (Fig. 4A). The apical surfaces of the cells within the lateral zones appear flatter than those elsewhere. These zones extend along the posterior half of the embry ...
... longitudinal zones: two lateral zones separated by a midline zone. The edges of each zone are indicated by sharp morphological boundaries (Fig. 4A). The apical surfaces of the cells within the lateral zones appear flatter than those elsewhere. These zones extend along the posterior half of the embry ...
Dissecting and Staining Drosophila Optic Lobes
... Yamaguchi et al. 2008). Therefore, the fly color vision system likely relies on comparing the inputs of R7 and R8 in the medulla neuropil. To understand how color vision is processed, we have described the target neurons of R7 and R8 in the medulla (Morante and Desplan 2008) in a study that builds o ...
... Yamaguchi et al. 2008). Therefore, the fly color vision system likely relies on comparing the inputs of R7 and R8 in the medulla neuropil. To understand how color vision is processed, we have described the target neurons of R7 and R8 in the medulla (Morante and Desplan 2008) in a study that builds o ...
hormonal control of cell form and number
... the nucleus robustus archistriatahs (RA), whose lesion disrupts song in adult male canaries (Nottebohm et al., 1976). HVc is afferent to RA, and RA has two efferent projections onto lower brain centers. One is onto the dorsomedial intercollicular nucleus (DM)/nucleus intercollicularis (ICO) complex, ...
... the nucleus robustus archistriatahs (RA), whose lesion disrupts song in adult male canaries (Nottebohm et al., 1976). HVc is afferent to RA, and RA has two efferent projections onto lower brain centers. One is onto the dorsomedial intercollicular nucleus (DM)/nucleus intercollicularis (ICO) complex, ...