Specificity and Efficiency of Cre-Mediated Recombination in Emx1
... Cre protein, the stop sequences (open boxes) and the majority of the transgenes are deleted in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The size of the 3⬘ junctional fragment (arrows) is reduced from 12 to 10.6 kb. Filled boxes denote transgenes inserted into the mouse genome. Each copy of the transgene ...
... Cre protein, the stop sequences (open boxes) and the majority of the transgenes are deleted in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The size of the 3⬘ junctional fragment (arrows) is reduced from 12 to 10.6 kb. Filled boxes denote transgenes inserted into the mouse genome. Each copy of the transgene ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... my family members were. Definitions of episodic memory by Tulving describe this experience as the capacity for mental time travel and autonoetic awareness [42,176,177]. The process of mental time travel goes beyond forming associations of single items with a single, static behavioral context of locat ...
... my family members were. Definitions of episodic memory by Tulving describe this experience as the capacity for mental time travel and autonoetic awareness [42,176,177]. The process of mental time travel goes beyond forming associations of single items with a single, static behavioral context of locat ...
Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2007 Bogacz
... can be parameterized to implement an optimal test called the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [19], and then they predict exactly the same error rate (ER) and reaction time (RT) distributions. Thus, if one model that implements SPRT fits behavioural data, all other models (including those on ...
... can be parameterized to implement an optimal test called the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [19], and then they predict exactly the same error rate (ER) and reaction time (RT) distributions. Thus, if one model that implements SPRT fits behavioural data, all other models (including those on ...
Endocrine and nervous systems
... 6. The pituitary hormone ACTH regulates the production of aldosterone by the cortex of the adrenal glands. A severe drop in ACTH levels would likely result in A. B. C. D. ...
... 6. The pituitary hormone ACTH regulates the production of aldosterone by the cortex of the adrenal glands. A severe drop in ACTH levels would likely result in A. B. C. D. ...
Optimal decision-making theories: linking neurobiology with behaviour
... can be parameterized to implement an optimal test called the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [19], and then they predict exactly the same error rate (ER) and reaction time (RT) distributions. Thus, if one model that implements SPRT fits behavioural data, all other models (including those on ...
... can be parameterized to implement an optimal test called the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [19], and then they predict exactly the same error rate (ER) and reaction time (RT) distributions. Thus, if one model that implements SPRT fits behavioural data, all other models (including those on ...
Restraining influence of A2 neurons in chronic control of arterial
... reported that the cardiac baroreceptor reflex was attenuated after destroying A2 neurons with 6-OHDA [12], but the reflex depressor response to carotid sinus stretch was unaffected. However, whether A2 neurons are involved in mediating or modulating the baroreflex remains uncertain and the limited d ...
... reported that the cardiac baroreceptor reflex was attenuated after destroying A2 neurons with 6-OHDA [12], but the reflex depressor response to carotid sinus stretch was unaffected. However, whether A2 neurons are involved in mediating or modulating the baroreflex remains uncertain and the limited d ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... spinothalamic tract or the optic tract can also be seen to act as a pathway for an efference copy. The direct connections that ascending and cortical inputs to the thalamus also establish to motor outputs create sensorimotor relationships that provide cortex with a model of activity in lower circuit ...
... spinothalamic tract or the optic tract can also be seen to act as a pathway for an efference copy. The direct connections that ascending and cortical inputs to the thalamus also establish to motor outputs create sensorimotor relationships that provide cortex with a model of activity in lower circuit ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... plotted at the corresponding electrode position of each neuron is shown in Fig. 2b. It is evident from the figure that two groups of neurons can be distinguished both for their spatial location, as well as the strength of their surround suppression. The lower left part of the array appears to captur ...
... plotted at the corresponding electrode position of each neuron is shown in Fig. 2b. It is evident from the figure that two groups of neurons can be distinguished both for their spatial location, as well as the strength of their surround suppression. The lower left part of the array appears to captur ...
Assessing the Function of Motor Cortex: Single
... scription of the behavior itself (joint angle position) was obtained through the single-joint neurophysiological studies of Evarts (1968, 1969). Nevertheless, other single-joint studies indicated that some M1 activity was related to noncausal motor output parameters, such as the current joint angle ...
... scription of the behavior itself (joint angle position) was obtained through the single-joint neurophysiological studies of Evarts (1968, 1969). Nevertheless, other single-joint studies indicated that some M1 activity was related to noncausal motor output parameters, such as the current joint angle ...
1. Materials and Methods
... action. This was assessed by playing back the sound of the best action through a loudspeaker, and visually inspecting histograms of the response induced by this sound. Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) ...
... action. This was assessed by playing back the sound of the best action through a loudspeaker, and visually inspecting histograms of the response induced by this sound. Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is more sensitive to changes in extracellular [KⳭ] ([KⳭ]o). For e ...
... in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is more sensitive to changes in extracellular [KⳭ] ([KⳭ]o). For e ...
MODULE 4: MOTOR AND SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS
... As seen above, going from the lateral surface of cortex to the medial surface somatotopic organization goes from throat to face to hand/arm, to the leg. The knee is at the entrance to the interhemispheric fissure and the lower leg is on the medial surface of the hemisphere. Finally, the foot is “sta ...
... As seen above, going from the lateral surface of cortex to the medial surface somatotopic organization goes from throat to face to hand/arm, to the leg. The knee is at the entrance to the interhemispheric fissure and the lower leg is on the medial surface of the hemisphere. Finally, the foot is “sta ...
07. Pons Internal Features 0102010-10-01 05:141.9
... edge of the rostral part of the fourth ventricle, extending into the midbrain • Contains pseudo-unipolar cells (cell bodies of primary sensory neurons and the only such cells in the central nervous system). • The peripheral fibers of the unipolar neurons is distributed through the mandibular divisio ...
... edge of the rostral part of the fourth ventricle, extending into the midbrain • Contains pseudo-unipolar cells (cell bodies of primary sensory neurons and the only such cells in the central nervous system). • The peripheral fibers of the unipolar neurons is distributed through the mandibular divisio ...
NEURAL CONNECTIONS: Some You Use, Some You Lose
... ending of the axon to the postsynaptic membrane of the adjoining dendrite. These chemical messengers then either excite or inhibit electrical activity in the postsynaptic cell. Via their synaptic connections, brain cells form the neural circuits that somehow support our sensory, motor, and cognitive ...
... ending of the axon to the postsynaptic membrane of the adjoining dendrite. These chemical messengers then either excite or inhibit electrical activity in the postsynaptic cell. Via their synaptic connections, brain cells form the neural circuits that somehow support our sensory, motor, and cognitive ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... how odorants are detected by sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium of the nose, which, in turn, transmits this information to the olfactory bulb that passes the signal on to the olfactory cortex (Fig 1). The odorant receptors (ORs) on the surface of sensory neurons show significant species-dep ...
... how odorants are detected by sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium of the nose, which, in turn, transmits this information to the olfactory bulb that passes the signal on to the olfactory cortex (Fig 1). The odorant receptors (ORs) on the surface of sensory neurons show significant species-dep ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... eulipotyphlans, as well as the coordinated scaling of numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Afrotherians share with rodents and eulipotyphlans, but not with primates, the scaling of number of neurons in the cortex and in the cerebellum as a function of the number of neurons in th ...
... eulipotyphlans, as well as the coordinated scaling of numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Afrotherians share with rodents and eulipotyphlans, but not with primates, the scaling of number of neurons in the cortex and in the cerebellum as a function of the number of neurons in th ...
Anatomical identification of primary auditory cortex in the developing
... However, the anatomical landmarks defined for in adults may not be valid in the neonate or young gerbil due to changes in brain anatomy during development. During development, the gerbil brain (like other animals) will increase dramatically in size and most likely, the relative position of different ...
... However, the anatomical landmarks defined for in adults may not be valid in the neonate or young gerbil due to changes in brain anatomy during development. During development, the gerbil brain (like other animals) will increase dramatically in size and most likely, the relative position of different ...
Lect-3-Sensory cortex-Dr.Zahoor2010-10
... • As each layer has vertical columns, each column has about 10,000 neuronal cell bodies • From anterior portion of post central gyrus many of signals spread directly to motor cortex, (specially muscles, tendons joint receptors) these signals play a major role in controlling motor signals that activa ...
... • As each layer has vertical columns, each column has about 10,000 neuronal cell bodies • From anterior portion of post central gyrus many of signals spread directly to motor cortex, (specially muscles, tendons joint receptors) these signals play a major role in controlling motor signals that activa ...
Wired for reproduction: Organization and Development of Sexually
... display appropriate solicitation behaviors and successfully copulate with conspecific males but have not ovulated. Males have similar requirements for physiological coordination; an individual that has mature sperm and is ready to impregnate a female will not get the chance if he displays agonistic ...
... display appropriate solicitation behaviors and successfully copulate with conspecific males but have not ovulated. Males have similar requirements for physiological coordination; an individual that has mature sperm and is ready to impregnate a female will not get the chance if he displays agonistic ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...