Cognition without a Neural Code: How a Folded Electromagnetic Fields
... There is simply no known mechanism by which axonal messaging and synaptic modulation can go that fast, even if we allow for functional rather than structural changes. The nervous system contains both electrical and chemical synapses: the former devoted to rapid reflexes, the latter to slower, more m ...
... There is simply no known mechanism by which axonal messaging and synaptic modulation can go that fast, even if we allow for functional rather than structural changes. The nervous system contains both electrical and chemical synapses: the former devoted to rapid reflexes, the latter to slower, more m ...
Chapter 07: The Structure of the Nervous System
... Gross Organization of the Mammalian Nervous System Functional Brain Imaging Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional MRI (fMRI) Basic Principles Detect changes in regional blood flow and metabolism within the brain Active neurons demand more glucose and oxygen, more blood to active regions, te ...
... Gross Organization of the Mammalian Nervous System Functional Brain Imaging Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional MRI (fMRI) Basic Principles Detect changes in regional blood flow and metabolism within the brain Active neurons demand more glucose and oxygen, more blood to active regions, te ...
Poster
... increasing both receptor numbers and their sensitivity to neurotransmitters. The up-regulation of receptors in the postsynaptic neuron correlates with long-term potentiation (LTP). ...
... increasing both receptor numbers and their sensitivity to neurotransmitters. The up-regulation of receptors in the postsynaptic neuron correlates with long-term potentiation (LTP). ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... Examining the distribution of neurons across functional areas requires well-established criteria for identifying and isolating these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarch ...
... Examining the distribution of neurons across functional areas requires well-established criteria for identifying and isolating these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarch ...
Distinct Representations and Theta Dynamics in Dorsal and Ventral
... Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147 ...
... Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147 ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. new white matter, cannot be ruled out [5]. In addition, a quantitative model of buckling of an elastic plate (the top laye ...
... demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. new white matter, cannot be ruled out [5]. In addition, a quantitative model of buckling of an elastic plate (the top laye ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
... The cognitive operations when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) are likely to differ from taking a view of the same scene from one’s own perspective (1PP). Although the cognitive operations differ phenomenally, when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpo ...
... The cognitive operations when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) are likely to differ from taking a view of the same scene from one’s own perspective (1PP). Although the cognitive operations differ phenomenally, when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpo ...
PDF
... During morphogenesis, axons of the accessory nerve join the vagal nerve and collectively ascend along the rostro-caudal axis and turning ventrally before reaching the otic vesicle. At this stage axons of these nerves are hardly distinguishable from each other. Using histological sections of embryos ...
... During morphogenesis, axons of the accessory nerve join the vagal nerve and collectively ascend along the rostro-caudal axis and turning ventrally before reaching the otic vesicle. At this stage axons of these nerves are hardly distinguishable from each other. Using histological sections of embryos ...
Parallel Evolution of Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Hand Use
... ways in primates with similar hand morphology and use. Here, we examined the organization of somatosensory cortex in the New World cebus monkey whose hand morphology and use parallel that of the well studied Old World macaque. Whereas other New World species such as squirrel monkeys exclusively use ...
... ways in primates with similar hand morphology and use. Here, we examined the organization of somatosensory cortex in the New World cebus monkey whose hand morphology and use parallel that of the well studied Old World macaque. Whereas other New World species such as squirrel monkeys exclusively use ...
CHAPTER 12: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MODULE 12.1
... from one region of brain to another (Figure 12.8): 1. Action potential originates in gray matter 2. Action potential is sent to another area of gray matter by projection fibers 3. Second (new) action potential is generated by gray matter; spreads to neighboring gray matter by association fibers 4. L ...
... from one region of brain to another (Figure 12.8): 1. Action potential originates in gray matter 2. Action potential is sent to another area of gray matter by projection fibers 3. Second (new) action potential is generated by gray matter; spreads to neighboring gray matter by association fibers 4. L ...
Basal Ganglia and Associated Pathways
... In addition to the projection neurons (spiny neurons), the striatum also contains large interneurons called aspiny neurons. These neurons are excitatory and use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. They seem to preferentially excite projection neurons in the striatum which are part of the indirect ...
... In addition to the projection neurons (spiny neurons), the striatum also contains large interneurons called aspiny neurons. These neurons are excitatory and use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. They seem to preferentially excite projection neurons in the striatum which are part of the indirect ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... models are fit to behavioral data in dynamic tasks, many striatal neurons encode the derived trial-bytrial action values.18,19 In these saccade-related brain areas, neurons retain their spatial selectivity, and the influence of value acts primarily like a modulation of gain. Although most of the acc ...
... models are fit to behavioral data in dynamic tasks, many striatal neurons encode the derived trial-bytrial action values.18,19 In these saccade-related brain areas, neurons retain their spatial selectivity, and the influence of value acts primarily like a modulation of gain. Although most of the acc ...
sperm
... 27.12 Organs start to form after gastrulation Organs develop from the three embryonic layers. – The stiff notochord forms the main axis of the body and is later replaced by the vertebral column in most chordates. – The neural tube develops above the notochord and will become the – brain and – spi ...
... 27.12 Organs start to form after gastrulation Organs develop from the three embryonic layers. – The stiff notochord forms the main axis of the body and is later replaced by the vertebral column in most chordates. – The neural tube develops above the notochord and will become the – brain and – spi ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
ARTICLES - Test Page
... expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; Fig. 1b and Supplementary Table 1 online), which marks NSCs (Type B cells), as well as mature astrocytes and ependymal cells28. About a half of the CreERT2positive cells abutted the lateral ventricles and expressed the ependymal cell markers S100b and ...
... expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; Fig. 1b and Supplementary Table 1 online), which marks NSCs (Type B cells), as well as mature astrocytes and ependymal cells28. About a half of the CreERT2positive cells abutted the lateral ventricles and expressed the ependymal cell markers S100b and ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation
... effect. It was originally isolated from the rat stomach as an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and has been shown to have a GH-releasing effect [52]. Subsequently, ghrelin was identified as orexigenic hormone. Ghrelin administration stimulates food intake and bod ...
... effect. It was originally isolated from the rat stomach as an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and has been shown to have a GH-releasing effect [52]. Subsequently, ghrelin was identified as orexigenic hormone. Ghrelin administration stimulates food intake and bod ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... bar-pressing task requiring a win– stay/lose –shift strategy. We found that optogenetic inhibition during action selection in the time segment preceding a lever press had no effect on performance. However, inhibition occurring in the time segment during feedback of results—whether rewards or nonrewa ...
... bar-pressing task requiring a win– stay/lose –shift strategy. We found that optogenetic inhibition during action selection in the time segment preceding a lever press had no effect on performance. However, inhibition occurring in the time segment during feedback of results—whether rewards or nonrewa ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms we have been studying progressive pathological change ...
... severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms we have been studying progressive pathological change ...
7. MODELING THE SOMATOTOPIC MAP 7.1 The Somatotopic Map
... the somatosensory cortex. This projection connects neurons of the cortex with touch receptors in the skin surface such that neighborhood relations are preserved. Adjacent touch receptors in the skin surface are thus connected to adjacent neurons (Kaas et al. 1979). However, the projection is strongl ...
... the somatosensory cortex. This projection connects neurons of the cortex with touch receptors in the skin surface such that neighborhood relations are preserved. Adjacent touch receptors in the skin surface are thus connected to adjacent neurons (Kaas et al. 1979). However, the projection is strongl ...
The Beautiful Brain - Weisman Art Museum
... Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s drawings of the brain are as aesthetically astonishing as they are scientifically important. The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal is the first museum exhibition to present and contextualize these amazing historical objects. Scientists the world over kn ...
... Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s drawings of the brain are as aesthetically astonishing as they are scientifically important. The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal is the first museum exhibition to present and contextualize these amazing historical objects. Scientists the world over kn ...
Motor System & Behavior
... continual contraction and relaxation of the muscles in our feet and calves. • Voluntary movement: Stretch of the intrafusal fiber causes contraction of the extrafusal fiber via alpha motor neuron. Keeping the movement at this position requires a direct signal from the brain. ...
... continual contraction and relaxation of the muscles in our feet and calves. • Voluntary movement: Stretch of the intrafusal fiber causes contraction of the extrafusal fiber via alpha motor neuron. Keeping the movement at this position requires a direct signal from the brain. ...
Pregnancy and Human Development
... The ovulated oocyte is encapsulated by the corona radiata and by the deeper zona pellucida, a transparent layer of glycoproteinrich extracellular matrix secreted by the oocyte. Both must be breached before the oocyte can be penetrated. Once a sperm gets to the immediate vicinity of the oocyte, it we ...
... The ovulated oocyte is encapsulated by the corona radiata and by the deeper zona pellucida, a transparent layer of glycoproteinrich extracellular matrix secreted by the oocyte. Both must be breached before the oocyte can be penetrated. Once a sperm gets to the immediate vicinity of the oocyte, it we ...
Neural realisation of the SP theory
... This paper describes how the elements of the SP theory (Wolff, 2003a) may be realised with neural structures and processes. To the extent that this is successful, the insights that have been achieved in the SP theory—the integration and simplification of a range of phenomena in perception and cognit ...
... This paper describes how the elements of the SP theory (Wolff, 2003a) may be realised with neural structures and processes. To the extent that this is successful, the insights that have been achieved in the SP theory—the integration and simplification of a range of phenomena in perception and cognit ...
Susceptibility to a neurotropic virus and its changing distribution in
... for mice infected between P2 and 3 ± 4 weeks of age are shown in Figure 2. SFV RNA was detectable in the brain as early as 16 h in mice inoculated at P2, P4, P6 and P8. Initial foci of infection were often observed in submeningeal regions, commonly in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum. Interestingly ...
... for mice infected between P2 and 3 ± 4 weeks of age are shown in Figure 2. SFV RNA was detectable in the brain as early as 16 h in mice inoculated at P2, P4, P6 and P8. Initial foci of infection were often observed in submeningeal regions, commonly in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum. Interestingly ...