2282 MC-025 Bax 2D2 for pdf
... mitochondria during apoptosis, and overexpression of Bax can accelerate cell death. Coregulation of Bax dimer formation and intracellular localization are associated with Bax conformational changes. Anti-Bax YTH-2D2 is specific for human Bax and does not cross react with mouse or rat Bax. When used ...
... mitochondria during apoptosis, and overexpression of Bax can accelerate cell death. Coregulation of Bax dimer formation and intracellular localization are associated with Bax conformational changes. Anti-Bax YTH-2D2 is specific for human Bax and does not cross react with mouse or rat Bax. When used ...
20140912092199
... Need to allow passage through the membrane But need to control what gets in or out ...
... Need to allow passage through the membrane But need to control what gets in or out ...
Exam #1
... c. occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines. d. none of the above 54. At the neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane is folded to form a a. motor neuron. b. neurotransmitter. c. motor unit. d. motor end plate. 55. The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the a. tran ...
... c. occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines. d. none of the above 54. At the neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane is folded to form a a. motor neuron. b. neurotransmitter. c. motor unit. d. motor end plate. 55. The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the a. tran ...
Saladin 5e Extended Outline
... 4. Neuron structure varies, and they are classified according to the number of processes extending from the stroma. (Fig. 12.5) a. Multipolar neurons are those with one axon and multiple dendrites; they are the most common type. b. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendrite; examples include olf ...
... 4. Neuron structure varies, and they are classified according to the number of processes extending from the stroma. (Fig. 12.5) a. Multipolar neurons are those with one axon and multiple dendrites; they are the most common type. b. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendrite; examples include olf ...
amperometric titrations - Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology
... 1) Diffusion current is 20 times larger than DME which allows measuring the small concentration of ion. 2) The rotating platinum electrode can be used at positive potential up to + 0.9 Volt where as DME can be used only +0.4 volt to -2.0 Volt. 3) The electrode is simple to construct. 4) Steady diffu ...
... 1) Diffusion current is 20 times larger than DME which allows measuring the small concentration of ion. 2) The rotating platinum electrode can be used at positive potential up to + 0.9 Volt where as DME can be used only +0.4 volt to -2.0 Volt. 3) The electrode is simple to construct. 4) Steady diffu ...
01 Physiology of Synaptic Transmission
... potential (IPSP) that hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic cell , thereby making it less excitable (more difficult to produce APs ) . • Examples of inhibitory transmitter is GABA which in some places opens chloride channels , and in others opens potassium channels Enkephalin Inhibitory transmitte ...
... potential (IPSP) that hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic cell , thereby making it less excitable (more difficult to produce APs ) . • Examples of inhibitory transmitter is GABA which in some places opens chloride channels , and in others opens potassium channels Enkephalin Inhibitory transmitte ...
Essential fatty acids in membrane: physical properties and function
... which can be ascribed to a cell membrane and which are subject to modification by alterations in the level o f unsaturation. In addition, the membrane can be subdivided into at least three distinct areas: the phospholipid head group region, the central hydrocarbon chain region and the region adjacen ...
... which can be ascribed to a cell membrane and which are subject to modification by alterations in the level o f unsaturation. In addition, the membrane can be subdivided into at least three distinct areas: the phospholipid head group region, the central hydrocarbon chain region and the region adjacen ...
motor unit
... Two twitches from two action potentials add together or sum to produce greater tension. This twitch summation is similar to temporal summation of EPSPs at the postsynaptic neuron Twitch summation is possible only because the duration of the action potential (1-2msec) is much shorter than the duratio ...
... Two twitches from two action potentials add together or sum to produce greater tension. This twitch summation is similar to temporal summation of EPSPs at the postsynaptic neuron Twitch summation is possible only because the duration of the action potential (1-2msec) is much shorter than the duratio ...
Slide 1
... The capacitance does not depend on the voltage; it is a function of the geometry and materials of the capacitor. For a parallel-plate capacitor: ...
... The capacitance does not depend on the voltage; it is a function of the geometry and materials of the capacitor. For a parallel-plate capacitor: ...
Class 1
... a strong electric field and a drying flow of warm gas, shrink in stages, losing both solvent molecules and ions. At some point, a droplet will be too small for the number of ions it contains: it then disintegrates and discharges its ions (called ion desorption), the remaining solvent molecules being ...
... a strong electric field and a drying flow of warm gas, shrink in stages, losing both solvent molecules and ions. At some point, a droplet will be too small for the number of ions it contains: it then disintegrates and discharges its ions (called ion desorption), the remaining solvent molecules being ...
4 Plasma Membrane Transport
... If a plant cell and its surroundings are isotonic, there is no net movement of water into the cell; the cell becomes flaccid (limp), and the plant may wilt In a hypertonic environment, plant cells lose water; eventually, the membrane pulls away from the wall, a usually lethal effect called plasmolys ...
... If a plant cell and its surroundings are isotonic, there is no net movement of water into the cell; the cell becomes flaccid (limp), and the plant may wilt In a hypertonic environment, plant cells lose water; eventually, the membrane pulls away from the wall, a usually lethal effect called plasmolys ...
Neurons and Nervous Systems
... The resting potential of a membrane is between –60 and –70 millivolts (mV). The inside of the cell is negative at rest. An action potential allows positive ions to flow in briefly, making the inside of the cell more positive. ...
... The resting potential of a membrane is between –60 and –70 millivolts (mV). The inside of the cell is negative at rest. An action potential allows positive ions to flow in briefly, making the inside of the cell more positive. ...
ppt - UK College of Arts & Sciences
... The students will learn how to properly record the potential across a membrane, with glass electrodes, in the DEL1 and DEL2 muscles in a crayfish. The students furthered their investigation of membrane potentials by determining the effects of increased extracellular K+ levels. Using several solution ...
... The students will learn how to properly record the potential across a membrane, with glass electrodes, in the DEL1 and DEL2 muscles in a crayfish. The students furthered their investigation of membrane potentials by determining the effects of increased extracellular K+ levels. Using several solution ...
Electrophysiological characterization of Na transporter
... currents . i) a 5-HT-induced transport-associated inward current, ii) a constitutive inward leak current that is detected as an outward deflection in the base-line membrane current when applying SERT inhibitors, and iii) a transient current can be induced by voltage jumps to high negative potentials ...
... currents . i) a 5-HT-induced transport-associated inward current, ii) a constitutive inward leak current that is detected as an outward deflection in the base-line membrane current when applying SERT inhibitors, and iii) a transient current can be induced by voltage jumps to high negative potentials ...
protein
... Active transport allows cells to maintain concentration gradients that differ from their surroundings The sodium-potassium pump is one type of active transport system ...
... Active transport allows cells to maintain concentration gradients that differ from their surroundings The sodium-potassium pump is one type of active transport system ...
Sometimes a cell must force molecules in or out of the cell, and use
... _____ 3. Carrier proteins move molecules from an area of high concentration to an area concentration. _____ 4. Carrier proteins move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area concentration. _____ 5. Endocytosis uses vessicles to help move many molecules at once from the of a cell to the ...
... _____ 3. Carrier proteins move molecules from an area of high concentration to an area concentration. _____ 4. Carrier proteins move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area concentration. _____ 5. Endocytosis uses vessicles to help move many molecules at once from the of a cell to the ...
edl : force calculation
... ● Applications, Origins of Surface Charge, Definitions : EDL, Stern layer→ balance between attractive ionic forces (electrical migration force) driving counterions to surface and entropy/diffusion/osmotic down the concentration gradient D ...
... ● Applications, Origins of Surface Charge, Definitions : EDL, Stern layer→ balance between attractive ionic forces (electrical migration force) driving counterions to surface and entropy/diffusion/osmotic down the concentration gradient D ...
Dynamic Clamp
... Importance of stochasticity of INaP in sub-threshold oscillations stellate cells. (Dorval and White 2005) Sub-threshold oscillations of INaP is the source of membrane potential noise. This is resulted from relatively small number of NaP channels with high single channel conductance. They block INaP ...
... Importance of stochasticity of INaP in sub-threshold oscillations stellate cells. (Dorval and White 2005) Sub-threshold oscillations of INaP is the source of membrane potential noise. This is resulted from relatively small number of NaP channels with high single channel conductance. They block INaP ...
Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na + and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of open Na + and K+ channels, we can gain insight into how membrane voltage controls ...
... The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na + and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of open Na + and K+ channels, we can gain insight into how membrane voltage controls ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.