CELL STRUCTURE_2012
... This channel or carrier mediated movement is selective and can become saturated. This may inhibit the movement of another molecule. No energy is used. ...
... This channel or carrier mediated movement is selective and can become saturated. This may inhibit the movement of another molecule. No energy is used. ...
Chapter 3B Notes
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
MB207_10 - MB207Jan2010
... calcium ions and stimulate adhesion between similar cells in a tissue. - Other membrane proteins such as adhesive junctions which hold cells together and tight junctions which form seals that block the passage of fluids between cells. - Intercellular communication is provided by gap junctions in ani ...
... calcium ions and stimulate adhesion between similar cells in a tissue. - Other membrane proteins such as adhesive junctions which hold cells together and tight junctions which form seals that block the passage of fluids between cells. - Intercellular communication is provided by gap junctions in ani ...
Parts of the Nervous System
... Axon – Long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the body of the cell. Axon Terminals - The hair-like ends of the axon Cell Body/Soma - The cell body of the neuron; it contains the nucleus Dendrites - The branching structure of a neuron that receives messages on the Soma. Myel ...
... Axon – Long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the body of the cell. Axon Terminals - The hair-like ends of the axon Cell Body/Soma - The cell body of the neuron; it contains the nucleus Dendrites - The branching structure of a neuron that receives messages on the Soma. Myel ...
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 10-10
... o Precise control of movement determined by number and size of motor unit Muscle tone o Stabliizes bones and joint Motor Units: motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates The smallest amount of muscle that can be activated voluntarily Gradation of force in skeletal muscle is coordinated ...
... o Precise control of movement determined by number and size of motor unit Muscle tone o Stabliizes bones and joint Motor Units: motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates The smallest amount of muscle that can be activated voluntarily Gradation of force in skeletal muscle is coordinated ...
The Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane
... There seems little doubt now, however, that most if not all of such preparations have been derived by comminution of the cytoplasmic membrane from which they can be readily prepared by, for instance, treatment with ultra-sound (Hunt et al. 1959). If analogies for bacterial structures are to be sough ...
... There seems little doubt now, however, that most if not all of such preparations have been derived by comminution of the cytoplasmic membrane from which they can be readily prepared by, for instance, treatment with ultra-sound (Hunt et al. 1959). If analogies for bacterial structures are to be sough ...
neuron
... – in the body, currents are movement of ions, such as Na+ or K+ through gated channels in the plasma membrane • living cells are polarized • resting membrane potential (RMP) – charge difference across the plasma membrane – -70 mV in a resting, unstimulated neuron – negative value means there are mor ...
... – in the body, currents are movement of ions, such as Na+ or K+ through gated channels in the plasma membrane • living cells are polarized • resting membrane potential (RMP) – charge difference across the plasma membrane – -70 mV in a resting, unstimulated neuron – negative value means there are mor ...
Writing Ionic Formulas continued
... 4. Titanium is a metal commonly used in building airplanes and rockets, because it is light and is stronger than either steel or aluminum. Titanium is most commonly found in the form of the mineral rutile as titanium(IV) oxide. Write the ionic formula for this compound. 5. Mercury is obtained by hea ...
... 4. Titanium is a metal commonly used in building airplanes and rockets, because it is light and is stronger than either steel or aluminum. Titanium is most commonly found in the form of the mineral rutile as titanium(IV) oxide. Write the ionic formula for this compound. 5. Mercury is obtained by hea ...
Proteomica - Uninsubria
... •The matrix material acts a conduit for the energy from the laser to reach the peptide and generate an M+proton ion. •The analyte ion is then accelerated out of the region by the repulsion of the positive charge on the surface of the sample plate. •The ion flies down the flight tube ...
... •The matrix material acts a conduit for the energy from the laser to reach the peptide and generate an M+proton ion. •The analyte ion is then accelerated out of the region by the repulsion of the positive charge on the surface of the sample plate. •The ion flies down the flight tube ...
sugars
... maintaining homeostasis within a cell. Most cells whether in multicellular or unicellular organisms, are subject to osmosis because they are surrounded by water solutions. ...
... maintaining homeostasis within a cell. Most cells whether in multicellular or unicellular organisms, are subject to osmosis because they are surrounded by water solutions. ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... sodium ions enter because the plasma membrane is much more permeable to potassium than to sodium. As a result, there are more positive charges outside the plasma membrane. Negatively charged protein molecules within the cytosol cannot cross the plasma membrane, so there are more negative charges on ...
... sodium ions enter because the plasma membrane is much more permeable to potassium than to sodium. As a result, there are more positive charges outside the plasma membrane. Negatively charged protein molecules within the cytosol cannot cross the plasma membrane, so there are more negative charges on ...
2/pg
... • Triggers action potential in muscle fiber, leads to muscle contraction • AChR present in synapse: – fluorescent-tagged molecule that binds to AChR – alpha bungarotoxin, from snake venom ...
... • Triggers action potential in muscle fiber, leads to muscle contraction • AChR present in synapse: – fluorescent-tagged molecule that binds to AChR – alpha bungarotoxin, from snake venom ...
CHAP 17c - Dr. Gerry Cronin
... – Pressure waves in the endolymph cause the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct to vibrate, moving the hair cells of the spiral organ of Corti against an overhanging flexible gelatinous membrane called the tectorial membrane ...
... – Pressure waves in the endolymph cause the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct to vibrate, moving the hair cells of the spiral organ of Corti against an overhanging flexible gelatinous membrane called the tectorial membrane ...
Poster
... Endocytosis is a critical process to all living cells. Human Cdc42 interacting protein 4 (CIP4) is known to function in collaboration with other molecules in endocytosis by helping to determine the curvature of the formed vesicle. To do this, certain positively charged residues on the concave surfac ...
... Endocytosis is a critical process to all living cells. Human Cdc42 interacting protein 4 (CIP4) is known to function in collaboration with other molecules in endocytosis by helping to determine the curvature of the formed vesicle. To do this, certain positively charged residues on the concave surfac ...
nervous system
... the neuromuscular junction) into the synaptic cleft. Ach binds to receptor sites on the muscle fiber (muscle cell) membrane and starts an electrical impulse called an action potential, which travels along the length of the muscle fiber and causes it to contract. The Ach that was released is rapi ...
... the neuromuscular junction) into the synaptic cleft. Ach binds to receptor sites on the muscle fiber (muscle cell) membrane and starts an electrical impulse called an action potential, which travels along the length of the muscle fiber and causes it to contract. The Ach that was released is rapi ...
Notes
... different perceptions. This is the broad basis of the physiological approach of studying the perceptual process. Nerves are composed of smaller structures called neurons. Neurons consist of 1. Cell Body: This contains the nucleus and other metabolic structures required to keep the cell alive. 2. Den ...
... different perceptions. This is the broad basis of the physiological approach of studying the perceptual process. Nerves are composed of smaller structures called neurons. Neurons consist of 1. Cell Body: This contains the nucleus and other metabolic structures required to keep the cell alive. 2. Den ...
MB207_10 - MB207Jan2010
... calcium ions and stimulate adhesion between similar cells in a tissue. - Other membrane proteins such as adhesive junctions which hold cells together and tight junctions which form seals that block the passage of fluids between cells. - Intercellular communication is provided by gap junctions in ani ...
... calcium ions and stimulate adhesion between similar cells in a tissue. - Other membrane proteins such as adhesive junctions which hold cells together and tight junctions which form seals that block the passage of fluids between cells. - Intercellular communication is provided by gap junctions in ani ...
Renal Mechanisms of Acid-Base Balance
... Sodium being the only cation to exert significant osmotic pressure Sodium ions leaking into cells and being pumped out against their electrochemical gradient Sodium concentration in the ECF normally remains stable ...
... Sodium being the only cation to exert significant osmotic pressure Sodium ions leaking into cells and being pumped out against their electrochemical gradient Sodium concentration in the ECF normally remains stable ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.