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Weak and variable relationships between environmental severity
... ‘aspect groups’). This set-up was repeated in each cardinal compass direction at 5 m below the peak, giving a total of 16 sample plots on each summit. Plots were subdivided into 100 10 × 10 cm cells and the presence of vascular plant species was recorded in each cell. The 10 × 10 cm cells match the ...
... ‘aspect groups’). This set-up was repeated in each cardinal compass direction at 5 m below the peak, giving a total of 16 sample plots on each summit. Plots were subdivided into 100 10 × 10 cm cells and the presence of vascular plant species was recorded in each cell. The 10 × 10 cm cells match the ...
Human-caused environmental change: Impacts on plant diversity and evolution Colloquium
... extremes, especially by tissue damage associated with freezing or subfreezing temperatures. In addition, within a region, differences in temperature-dependent growth could cause different plant species to be specialized on different portions of the growing season. Temporal Variation. Plants respond ...
... extremes, especially by tissue damage associated with freezing or subfreezing temperatures. In addition, within a region, differences in temperature-dependent growth could cause different plant species to be specialized on different portions of the growing season. Temporal Variation. Plants respond ...
Practice Exam 1
... 29. T / F As you travel north in the Sierra Mts., the elevation at which the Ponderosa Pine community begins becomes higher and higher. ...
... 29. T / F As you travel north in the Sierra Mts., the elevation at which the Ponderosa Pine community begins becomes higher and higher. ...
Julie Nash, Ph.D.
... Lecturer. Social Processes and the Environment. Natural Resources 104. Fall 2014. This core Natural Resource course blends theories and processes of government, natural resource economics, and social movements and applies them to environmental policy issues. Instructor. Environmentally Responsible B ...
... Lecturer. Social Processes and the Environment. Natural Resources 104. Fall 2014. This core Natural Resource course blends theories and processes of government, natural resource economics, and social movements and applies them to environmental policy issues. Instructor. Environmentally Responsible B ...
Chapter 5: Evolution and Community Ecology part A
... The bird population experienced genetic drift as the result of a sudden catastrophe. The disaster reduced genetic diversity in the population and changed the proportion of birds with a green wing patch vs. a blue wing patch. ...
... The bird population experienced genetic drift as the result of a sudden catastrophe. The disaster reduced genetic diversity in the population and changed the proportion of birds with a green wing patch vs. a blue wing patch. ...
A Critical Look at Reciprocity in Ecology and Evolution
... what we see but is otherwise not a visible process. Hutchinson’s perspective was very much the same as Darwin’s (1859) in chapter 3, “The Struggle for Existence,” of On the Origin of Species. Darwin observed that all organisms have the capacity for exponential population growth but this capacity is ...
... what we see but is otherwise not a visible process. Hutchinson’s perspective was very much the same as Darwin’s (1859) in chapter 3, “The Struggle for Existence,” of On the Origin of Species. Darwin observed that all organisms have the capacity for exponential population growth but this capacity is ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
... stability debate (McCann, 2000). This debate ignited after Robert May (1973) used local stability analysis of random community matrices to challenge the popular notion that complexity implied stability (Odum, 1953, MacArthur, 1955; Elton, 1958). An important critique of May’s result was that natural ...
... stability debate (McCann, 2000). This debate ignited after Robert May (1973) used local stability analysis of random community matrices to challenge the popular notion that complexity implied stability (Odum, 1953, MacArthur, 1955; Elton, 1958). An important critique of May’s result was that natural ...
Name: Date: ______ Period: [Type text][Type text][Type text] Unit 6
... 25. How could an organism not be considered a keystone species in an ecosystem? a. An organism would be NOT be considered an keystone species if it was a non-native species to that area. For example a Burmese Python living in the Florida everglades would be a great example. 26. What would happen if ...
... 25. How could an organism not be considered a keystone species in an ecosystem? a. An organism would be NOT be considered an keystone species if it was a non-native species to that area. For example a Burmese Python living in the Florida everglades would be a great example. 26. What would happen if ...
Terrestrial Arthropod Assemblages: Their Use in Conservation
... poorly known. Terrestrial arthropods, nonetheless, can be used successfully for inventory or monitoring purposes if individuals can be accurately sorted to morphospecies. Increasingly, entomologists interested in applying their work to conservation and land management issues are taking this approach ...
... poorly known. Terrestrial arthropods, nonetheless, can be used successfully for inventory or monitoring purposes if individuals can be accurately sorted to morphospecies. Increasingly, entomologists interested in applying their work to conservation and land management issues are taking this approach ...
Early development of the subtidal marine
... influence the environment in a species-specific way, either by preventing other organisms from getting established (i.e. inhibition) or by creating the right circumstances for other species to join in (i.e. facilitation) (Connell and Slatyer, 1977). Consequently, the number of individuals of each sp ...
... influence the environment in a species-specific way, either by preventing other organisms from getting established (i.e. inhibition) or by creating the right circumstances for other species to join in (i.e. facilitation) (Connell and Slatyer, 1977). Consequently, the number of individuals of each sp ...
File
... Describing Populations Researchers study five important characteristics of a population: Geographic range is the area in which a population lives. Population density is the number of individuals per unit area. Population distribution is how individuals are spaced out in their range. Growth rate dete ...
... Describing Populations Researchers study five important characteristics of a population: Geographic range is the area in which a population lives. Population density is the number of individuals per unit area. Population distribution is how individuals are spaced out in their range. Growth rate dete ...
Predation in Ecosystems
... constructing the explanation, including evidence that: 1. Competitive relationships occur when organisms within an ecosystem compete for shared resources (e.g., data about the change in population of a given species when a competing species is introduced). 2. Predatory interactions occur between org ...
... constructing the explanation, including evidence that: 1. Competitive relationships occur when organisms within an ecosystem compete for shared resources (e.g., data about the change in population of a given species when a competing species is introduced). 2. Predatory interactions occur between org ...
threatened biodiversity: understanding, predicting, taking action
... defined à la Lyapunov (internal stability of equilibria). These conditions are unrealistic because: first, food webs are not random, rather the result of coevolution; second, the links between different ecosystem components can be extremely strong or weak and variable in time; and third, community d ...
... defined à la Lyapunov (internal stability of equilibria). These conditions are unrealistic because: first, food webs are not random, rather the result of coevolution; second, the links between different ecosystem components can be extremely strong or weak and variable in time; and third, community d ...
Job Description for Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD) September
... understanding the consequences of wintering site choice for individual fitness is particularly important in the face of the steady decline observed in populations of long-distance Palaearctic– Afrotropical migrants. However, wintering ecology of migratory birds is much less understood than breeding ...
... understanding the consequences of wintering site choice for individual fitness is particularly important in the face of the steady decline observed in populations of long-distance Palaearctic– Afrotropical migrants. However, wintering ecology of migratory birds is much less understood than breeding ...
Notes3 - McMaster Department of Biology
... successful colonization of sea dispersed plants. Final, and most interesting, is the trend shown by animal dispersed flowering plants. These plants followed similar pattern over the first 30 years but significantly increased their success rate after the initial period. This may be due to the increas ...
... successful colonization of sea dispersed plants. Final, and most interesting, is the trend shown by animal dispersed flowering plants. These plants followed similar pattern over the first 30 years but significantly increased their success rate after the initial period. This may be due to the increas ...
Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Ecosystems
... • As a population grows, it requires more food, water, and space • Eventually, it will reach its carrying capacity – the maximum population size of a species that a given ecosystem can sustain • As abiotic and biotic factors change, the carrying capacity also changes – E.g. A forest fire reduces the ...
... • As a population grows, it requires more food, water, and space • Eventually, it will reach its carrying capacity – the maximum population size of a species that a given ecosystem can sustain • As abiotic and biotic factors change, the carrying capacity also changes – E.g. A forest fire reduces the ...
Classification and Ecology of Major Tropical Insect Groups
... Insects have a fundamental role in all aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They dominate food chains and webs both in volume and number and present an enormous variety of feeding specializations, feeding on debris, fungi, plants, and animals (predation and parasitism). They constitute important diet ...
... Insects have a fundamental role in all aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They dominate food chains and webs both in volume and number and present an enormous variety of feeding specializations, feeding on debris, fungi, plants, and animals (predation and parasitism). They constitute important diet ...
Regional and local impact on species diversity – from pattern to
... Some of these scales are difficult to manipulate or are not at all tractable, reducing the possibility to experimentally test the predictions on regional and local influence. Therefore, the importance of regional and local processes has been derived from the analysis of patterns. A central method us ...
... Some of these scales are difficult to manipulate or are not at all tractable, reducing the possibility to experimentally test the predictions on regional and local influence. Therefore, the importance of regional and local processes has been derived from the analysis of patterns. A central method us ...
Community Characteristics - Formatted
... The word community means unified group of organisms sharing something in common which may be a common religion (e.g. Christian community, Jain community), language (e.g. Bengali speaking community, Marathi speaking community), food (e.g. herbivore community & carnivore community among animals), taxo ...
... The word community means unified group of organisms sharing something in common which may be a common religion (e.g. Christian community, Jain community), language (e.g. Bengali speaking community, Marathi speaking community), food (e.g. herbivore community & carnivore community among animals), taxo ...
The Great Divergence: When Did Diversity on
... according to Pomeranz (2000), or perhaps to the age of discovery in the 15th century according to others (Vermeij 2004). Whichever time of origin is correct, there was a great and recent divergence among the economies of the world. Using the same title as Pomeranz did for his landmark book, we explo ...
... according to Pomeranz (2000), or perhaps to the age of discovery in the 15th century according to others (Vermeij 2004). Whichever time of origin is correct, there was a great and recent divergence among the economies of the world. Using the same title as Pomeranz did for his landmark book, we explo ...
Using artificial systems to explore the ecology and evolution of
... between their ancestral populations. These ancestral populations are not available for experimentation and the environmental conditions under which these symbioses first formed are unknown. In contrast, the early evolution of replicate artificial symbiotic systems in varying ecological conditions ca ...
... between their ancestral populations. These ancestral populations are not available for experimentation and the environmental conditions under which these symbioses first formed are unknown. In contrast, the early evolution of replicate artificial symbiotic systems in varying ecological conditions ca ...
Species Diversity
... were 9 1 individuals belonging to one of the species and only one individual in each of the other nine species (example C in Table 5B.1). In the latter case, the typical species in the community is relatively rare. so that Patil and Taillie ( 1982) refer to species diversity as average rarity of spe ...
... were 9 1 individuals belonging to one of the species and only one individual in each of the other nine species (example C in Table 5B.1). In the latter case, the typical species in the community is relatively rare. so that Patil and Taillie ( 1982) refer to species diversity as average rarity of spe ...
LETTERS Grassland species loss resulting from reduced niche dimension W. Stanley Harpole
... Intact ecosystems contain large numbers of competing but coexisting species. Although numerous alternative theories have provided potential explanations for this high biodiversity, there have been few field experiments testing between these theories. In particular, theory predicts that higher divers ...
... Intact ecosystems contain large numbers of competing but coexisting species. Although numerous alternative theories have provided potential explanations for this high biodiversity, there have been few field experiments testing between these theories. In particular, theory predicts that higher divers ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.