Native Fauna on Exotic Trees: Phylogenetic
... (Lawton and Schröder 1977; Conner et al. 1980; Neuvonen and Niemelä 1981; Kennedy and Southwood 1984; Brändle and Brandl 2001) or effect sizes were quite low (Roques et al. 2006). Winter (1974) even showed that, at least in some cases, colonization from the distantly related surrounding herb and ...
... (Lawton and Schröder 1977; Conner et al. 1980; Neuvonen and Niemelä 1981; Kennedy and Southwood 1984; Brändle and Brandl 2001) or effect sizes were quite low (Roques et al. 2006). Winter (1974) even showed that, at least in some cases, colonization from the distantly related surrounding herb and ...
Consumer species richness and nutrients
... functions7. Multiple studies have investigated the effect of nutrient enrichment on the biodiversity of primary producers8–10, but the question as to how biodiversity changes over a nutrient gradient, whether the relationship is unimodal or not, is still under hot debate11–13. Top-down regulation by ...
... functions7. Multiple studies have investigated the effect of nutrient enrichment on the biodiversity of primary producers8–10, but the question as to how biodiversity changes over a nutrient gradient, whether the relationship is unimodal or not, is still under hot debate11–13. Top-down regulation by ...
Attachment 4.4-C: Special-Status Wildlife Species with
... within five miles of the Biological Resources Hermes copper butterfly is found in mixed woodlands, chaparral, and Study Area (BRSA). Marschalek and Klein coastal sage scrub from San Diego County to adjacent Baja California (2012) document extant Hermes copper Norte, Mexico. Spiny redberry (Rhamnus c ...
... within five miles of the Biological Resources Hermes copper butterfly is found in mixed woodlands, chaparral, and Study Area (BRSA). Marschalek and Klein coastal sage scrub from San Diego County to adjacent Baja California (2012) document extant Hermes copper Norte, Mexico. Spiny redberry (Rhamnus c ...
6 Succession and Change in Ecosystems
... What Did You Find Out? 1. How are biological methods being used to control an insect or plant pest? 2. How would this pest be controlled if biological controls were not used? ...
... What Did You Find Out? 1. How are biological methods being used to control an insect or plant pest? 2. How would this pest be controlled if biological controls were not used? ...
BioControl: Introducing Species to Balance Ecosystems
... Students will explore evidence in history in which scientists have used biocontrol methods and introduced species to control or balance ecosystems. Students also complete a lab as part of the Reading Process to supplement their data collection from articles. This unit is adaptable in that teachers c ...
... Students will explore evidence in history in which scientists have used biocontrol methods and introduced species to control or balance ecosystems. Students also complete a lab as part of the Reading Process to supplement their data collection from articles. This unit is adaptable in that teachers c ...
Commonness, rarity, and intraspecific variation in traits and
... expected to be generalists with broad tolerances. Such species should be more variable or flexible in their traits allowing them to perform well under a variety of abiotic and biotic conditions, whereas rare species may be more phenotypically constrained or specialized on a spatially or temporally r ...
... expected to be generalists with broad tolerances. Such species should be more variable or flexible in their traits allowing them to perform well under a variety of abiotic and biotic conditions, whereas rare species may be more phenotypically constrained or specialized on a spatially or temporally r ...
Evenness drives consistent diversity effects in intensive grassland
... of such patterns centre around hypotheses that more diverse communities better utilize available resources due to their greater occupation of niche space, and that they have a greater probability of containing positive inter-specific interactions (Trenbath 1974; Harper 1977; Vandermeer 1989; Hector ...
... of such patterns centre around hypotheses that more diverse communities better utilize available resources due to their greater occupation of niche space, and that they have a greater probability of containing positive inter-specific interactions (Trenbath 1974; Harper 1977; Vandermeer 1989; Hector ...
1 Optimal Public Control of Exotic Species: Preventing the Brown
... spreads so rapidly, or is so difficult to detect and eliminate (as is the case for most insects, e.g.) that the population cannot be pushed below the extinction rate. Immediate eradication followed by a return to optimal prevention efforts seems as if it should be pursued if economically viable, bec ...
... spreads so rapidly, or is so difficult to detect and eliminate (as is the case for most insects, e.g.) that the population cannot be pushed below the extinction rate. Immediate eradication followed by a return to optimal prevention efforts seems as if it should be pursued if economically viable, bec ...
Relationship between larval type and geographic range
... Species with a given type of development were compared with regard to: 1) the distribution of species as a function of number of zones occupied: the "zone-frequency distribution"; and 2) the breadth of geographical distribution of these species at the two ends of the latitudinal gradient. If in fact ...
... Species with a given type of development were compared with regard to: 1) the distribution of species as a function of number of zones occupied: the "zone-frequency distribution"; and 2) the breadth of geographical distribution of these species at the two ends of the latitudinal gradient. If in fact ...
Conservation Through Management – Cut Wood as Substrate for
... the last century, conservation biology related to forests is a young discipline, its coming of age in Sweden represented by the first IUCN-adapted Red Lists and their associated educational materials (Ingelög et al. 1984; Ehnström and Waldén 1986). Together with Red Lists from other Scandinavian cou ...
... the last century, conservation biology related to forests is a young discipline, its coming of age in Sweden represented by the first IUCN-adapted Red Lists and their associated educational materials (Ingelög et al. 1984; Ehnström and Waldén 1986). Together with Red Lists from other Scandinavian cou ...
Apparent competition with an invasive plant hastens the extinction of
... Key words: Ammophila arenaria; apparent competition; biotic homogenization; coastal dune ecosystems; life-table response experiment; Lupinus tidestromii; matrix population model; Point Reyes National Seashore, northern California, USA; Peromyscus maniculatus; population viability analysis; predisper ...
... Key words: Ammophila arenaria; apparent competition; biotic homogenization; coastal dune ecosystems; life-table response experiment; Lupinus tidestromii; matrix population model; Point Reyes National Seashore, northern California, USA; Peromyscus maniculatus; population viability analysis; predisper ...
Functional traits and remnant populations of plants in abandoned
... humilis ( Colling et al. 2002), are likely to develop remnant populations. Annual plants in contrast, are strongly over-represented among species known to decline rapidly after cessation of grazing (Eriksson and Ehrlén 2001). If remnant populations are widespread in the landscape they might be a con ...
... humilis ( Colling et al. 2002), are likely to develop remnant populations. Annual plants in contrast, are strongly over-represented among species known to decline rapidly after cessation of grazing (Eriksson and Ehrlén 2001). If remnant populations are widespread in the landscape they might be a con ...
Apparent competition with an invasive plant hastens the extinction of
... Key words: Ammophila arenaria; apparent competition; biotic homogenization; coastal dune ecosystems; life-table response experiment; Lupinus tidestromii; matrix population model; Point Reyes National Seashore, northern California, USA; Peromyscus maniculatus; population viability analysis; predisper ...
... Key words: Ammophila arenaria; apparent competition; biotic homogenization; coastal dune ecosystems; life-table response experiment; Lupinus tidestromii; matrix population model; Point Reyes National Seashore, northern California, USA; Peromyscus maniculatus; population viability analysis; predisper ...
EU NON-NATIVE SPECIES RISK ANALYSIS – RISK ASSESSMENT
... Indian mongoose populations are not likely to become established without human agency, though this could occur unintentionally (e.g., by release of pet mongooses) (Warren S. T, 2006). According to IUCN, often taken aboard ships, indirectly introducing them to new areas (J.W. Duckworth pers. comm.). ...
... Indian mongoose populations are not likely to become established without human agency, though this could occur unintentionally (e.g., by release of pet mongooses) (Warren S. T, 2006). According to IUCN, often taken aboard ships, indirectly introducing them to new areas (J.W. Duckworth pers. comm.). ...
BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL VIA NUTRIENT COMPETITION: POTASSIUM LIMITATION OF DANDELIONS E A. T
... in the liming treatment, the 1914–1976 data (for subplots receiving the classical liming treatment) and the 1991–1993 data (for the modern liming treatments) were analyzed separately. A few of the original treatments have been changed through the years (Warren and Johnston 1964), or plots subdivided ...
... in the liming treatment, the 1914–1976 data (for subplots receiving the classical liming treatment) and the 1991–1993 data (for the modern liming treatments) were analyzed separately. A few of the original treatments have been changed through the years (Warren and Johnston 1964), or plots subdivided ...
Batesian Mimicry between a Cardinalfish (Apogonidae) and a
... scabra, Hypomacrus albaiensis, Scorpaenopsis ...
... scabra, Hypomacrus albaiensis, Scorpaenopsis ...
Differential population responses of native and alien rodents to an
... mesopredators of the native prey (termed the mesopredator release effect) [9]. Such an unwanted outcome occurs when top-down forces, rather than bottom-up forces, control the non-native prey populations [10,15]. Moreover, anthropogenic habitat alteration is likely to alter the relative advantage of ...
... mesopredators of the native prey (termed the mesopredator release effect) [9]. Such an unwanted outcome occurs when top-down forces, rather than bottom-up forces, control the non-native prey populations [10,15]. Moreover, anthropogenic habitat alteration is likely to alter the relative advantage of ...
Interactions between species and the structure of helminth
... response to the presence of another species is a sure sign that the two species are somehow interacting, and that their numbers are not independent of one another. Second, resource use by one parasite species may change when another species is present, also an indication that they are interacting. E ...
... response to the presence of another species is a sure sign that the two species are somehow interacting, and that their numbers are not independent of one another. Second, resource use by one parasite species may change when another species is present, also an indication that they are interacting. E ...
Limitations on reproductive success in endemic Aquilegia
... 1998). Herbivory may also strongly affect the attractiveness of plants to pollinators, as reported in Raphanus raphanistrum (Strauss et al. 1996). To understand the precise nature of limitations on reproductive success, it is thus essential to jointly evaluate the respective roles of herbivory and po ...
... 1998). Herbivory may also strongly affect the attractiveness of plants to pollinators, as reported in Raphanus raphanistrum (Strauss et al. 1996). To understand the precise nature of limitations on reproductive success, it is thus essential to jointly evaluate the respective roles of herbivory and po ...
The European Rabbit
... at very low densities can completely suppress regeneration of palatable plants. This situation leads to extinctions of many native plant and animal species, even of trees. In addition, rabbits compete with native animals and production animals for food and intensify predation by foxes and cats. Myxo ...
... at very low densities can completely suppress regeneration of palatable plants. This situation leads to extinctions of many native plant and animal species, even of trees. In addition, rabbits compete with native animals and production animals for food and intensify predation by foxes and cats. Myxo ...
Microbial ecology of biological invasions
... made for soil pathogens, but a worldwide study on root-feeding nematodes of an invasive grass (Ammophila arenaria) showed that in the non-native range plant roots were colonized by feeding generalists, but not by feeding specialists (Van der Putten et al., 2005). The sheer diversity of soil microbia ...
... made for soil pathogens, but a worldwide study on root-feeding nematodes of an invasive grass (Ammophila arenaria) showed that in the non-native range plant roots were colonized by feeding generalists, but not by feeding specialists (Van der Putten et al., 2005). The sheer diversity of soil microbia ...
Vaughn.BioScience.2010
... communities comprising multiple trophic levels; losses and declines of species from different trophic levels can have very different effects on ecosystem function (Duffy et al. 2007), and changes at any trophic level can lead to cascading effects through food webs. For example, the loss of large, mi ...
... communities comprising multiple trophic levels; losses and declines of species from different trophic levels can have very different effects on ecosystem function (Duffy et al. 2007), and changes at any trophic level can lead to cascading effects through food webs. For example, the loss of large, mi ...
full text
... patches are prone to strong environmental and demographic stochasticity and increased risk of ...
... patches are prone to strong environmental and demographic stochasticity and increased risk of ...
Effects of alien species on plant-pollinator interactions: how can
... no effect on native plant seed set (e.g. Dupont et al. 2004; Lach 2007), and sometimes even positive influences have been documented (Chamberlain and Schlising 2008), ...
... no effect on native plant seed set (e.g. Dupont et al. 2004; Lach 2007), and sometimes even positive influences have been documented (Chamberlain and Schlising 2008), ...
3: Ascension Introduction Atlantic Ocean
... The terrestrial ecology of Ascension, with a checklist of the flora, is described by Duffey (1964). The status of endemic plants is described by Cronk (1980). The land fauna of Ascension is described by Ashmole and Ashmole (1997). Some 311 species of land animals (including a few now extinct) are kn ...
... The terrestrial ecology of Ascension, with a checklist of the flora, is described by Duffey (1964). The status of endemic plants is described by Cronk (1980). The land fauna of Ascension is described by Ashmole and Ashmole (1997). Some 311 species of land animals (including a few now extinct) are kn ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.