Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning
... Connecticut, USA, and challenged these communities with different potential invaders (Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002a). We found that in all cases invasion success decreased with increasing resident diversity (Fig. 1A). This was because individual species were complementary in their temporal patterns ...
... Connecticut, USA, and challenged these communities with different potential invaders (Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002a). We found that in all cases invasion success decreased with increasing resident diversity (Fig. 1A). This was because individual species were complementary in their temporal patterns ...
reprint
... 1991). It is therefore protected from competition with other Heliconius by the defences of its host. In any community there is not a one-on-one relationship between Heliconius and Passiflora species, but rather a diversity of different strategies – a few Heliconius are generalists (within the family ...
... 1991). It is therefore protected from competition with other Heliconius by the defences of its host. In any community there is not a one-on-one relationship between Heliconius and Passiflora species, but rather a diversity of different strategies – a few Heliconius are generalists (within the family ...
How similar can co-occurring species be in the presence of
... communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. Species abundances are shaped by drift and selection, as well as ongoing dispersal. Therefore, selection, speciation, dispersal and ecological drift (understo ...
... communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. Species abundances are shaped by drift and selection, as well as ongoing dispersal. Therefore, selection, speciation, dispersal and ecological drift (understo ...
Orconectes rusticus_Govas_2011
... Survey of non-native crayfish records in the Pacific Northwest (University of Washington): ...
... Survey of non-native crayfish records in the Pacific Northwest (University of Washington): ...
Ecological Applications at the Level of Organisms and Single
... ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AT THE LEVEL OF ORGANISMS AND SINGLE-SPECIES POPULATIONS appropriate for them. However, management strategies often rely on an ability to predict where species might do well, whether we wish to restore degraded habitats, predict the future distribution of invasive species (a ...
... ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AT THE LEVEL OF ORGANISMS AND SINGLE-SPECIES POPULATIONS appropriate for them. However, management strategies often rely on an ability to predict where species might do well, whether we wish to restore degraded habitats, predict the future distribution of invasive species (a ...
The challenge posed by newly discovered cryptic species
... The use of molecular techniques in the study of the genetic variation within taxonomic groups has resulted in the recognition of many cryptic species – that is, species that were originally not distinguished from others owing to high morphological similarity (Bickford et al., 2007), contributing to ...
... The use of molecular techniques in the study of the genetic variation within taxonomic groups has resulted in the recognition of many cryptic species – that is, species that were originally not distinguished from others owing to high morphological similarity (Bickford et al., 2007), contributing to ...
Harmonia axyridis in Europe: spread and distribution of a non
... Received: 18 August 2007 / Accepted: 21 October 2007 / Published online: 15 November 2007 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2007 ...
... Received: 18 August 2007 / Accepted: 21 October 2007 / Published online: 15 November 2007 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2007 ...
Distribution and spread of the invasive slug Arion vulgaris
... fundamental niche of a species (Phillips et al. 2006; Ward 2007). Presence-only based methods are especially suited for data from museums and herbaria, but also for cryptic species where it is difficult to obtain absence data. Furthermore, machine-learning methods such as Maxent have been found to o ...
... fundamental niche of a species (Phillips et al. 2006; Ward 2007). Presence-only based methods are especially suited for data from museums and herbaria, but also for cryptic species where it is difficult to obtain absence data. Furthermore, machine-learning methods such as Maxent have been found to o ...
6 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Grasslands
... provide the woody component of grasslands. Three factors of grassland environments distinguish them from other ecosystem types (Anderson 1982; Milchunas et al. 1988), these are drought, fire, and grazing by large ungulate herbivores. The influence of these three factors on grasses and grasslands has ...
... provide the woody component of grasslands. Three factors of grassland environments distinguish them from other ecosystem types (Anderson 1982; Milchunas et al. 1988), these are drought, fire, and grazing by large ungulate herbivores. The influence of these three factors on grasses and grasslands has ...
"Species Richness: Small Scale". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
... and species richness tends to be unimodal, with species richness peaking at intermediate levels of productivity (Grace and Jutila, 1999). Where productivity is very low few species can persist, and where productivity is very high a small number seem to win at competition, but at intermediate levels ...
... and species richness tends to be unimodal, with species richness peaking at intermediate levels of productivity (Grace and Jutila, 1999). Where productivity is very low few species can persist, and where productivity is very high a small number seem to win at competition, but at intermediate levels ...
1 Theories
... chance. Perhaps many of the species in the species pool are ecological equivalents, so ...
... chance. Perhaps many of the species in the species pool are ecological equivalents, so ...
Feral Horses and Burros in North America
... Feral Horses and Burros in North America Feral horses and burros are invasive species in North America. Exotic, non-native species are among the most widespread and serious threats to the integrity of native wildlife populations because they invade and degrade native ecosystems. When invasive specie ...
... Feral Horses and Burros in North America Feral horses and burros are invasive species in North America. Exotic, non-native species are among the most widespread and serious threats to the integrity of native wildlife populations because they invade and degrade native ecosystems. When invasive specie ...
Keystone species and food webs - Philosophical Transactions of the
... terms that makes objective studies more difficult. All of them acknowledge that there is a need for clarifying the most important species in ecosystems. Although, we should also delineate a difference between species that are important for nature (e.g. for maintaining ecosystem functions) and specie ...
... terms that makes objective studies more difficult. All of them acknowledge that there is a need for clarifying the most important species in ecosystems. Although, we should also delineate a difference between species that are important for nature (e.g. for maintaining ecosystem functions) and specie ...
Predicting community structure of ground-foraging ant
... follows Bolton (2003). Species occurrences at baits may be dominated by behaviorally aggressive or mass-recruiting species, so that baits can potentially under-sample trophic specialists, solitary foragers, and behaviorally subordinate species. We used several baits in an area and made multiple obse ...
... follows Bolton (2003). Species occurrences at baits may be dominated by behaviorally aggressive or mass-recruiting species, so that baits can potentially under-sample trophic specialists, solitary foragers, and behaviorally subordinate species. We used several baits in an area and made multiple obse ...
Differences in diet between two rodent species, Mastomys
... Gerbilliscus vicinus, coexisting in fallow land in central Tanzania were studied to assess the degree of diet differentiation among them. Dietary niche breadth of G. vicinus was greater than that of M. natalensis in all stages of the maize cropping seasons. The rodent species studied overlapped cons ...
... Gerbilliscus vicinus, coexisting in fallow land in central Tanzania were studied to assess the degree of diet differentiation among them. Dietary niche breadth of G. vicinus was greater than that of M. natalensis in all stages of the maize cropping seasons. The rodent species studied overlapped cons ...
Petition to Add Bullfrogs to List of Restricted Species
... implicated in the declines of amphibians. 10 Bullfrogs act as both predators and competitors of California’s native wildlife, and can cause reproductive interference for other frog species. They also act as a disease vector and have been implicated in the introduction and spread of ranaviruses and ...
... implicated in the declines of amphibians. 10 Bullfrogs act as both predators and competitors of California’s native wildlife, and can cause reproductive interference for other frog species. They also act as a disease vector and have been implicated in the introduction and spread of ranaviruses and ...
Tempo and mode of speciation in the Baja California disjunct fish
... occur in the northern Gulf of California and northern Pacific coast of Baja California, but are absent from its southern shores, were previously shown to be genetically isolated, making them excellent candidates for studying allopatry. In addition, one of these species, the sargo Anisotremus davidso ...
... occur in the northern Gulf of California and northern Pacific coast of Baja California, but are absent from its southern shores, were previously shown to be genetically isolated, making them excellent candidates for studying allopatry. In addition, one of these species, the sargo Anisotremus davidso ...
Using Ecological-Niche Modeling to Predict Barred Owl Invasions
... destruction and fragmentation of primary forest in the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.). Aside from habitat concerns, an additional peril exists for the species: the larger and more aggressive Barred Owl ( S. varia ) is invading the Pacific Northwest and has the potential to overrun much of the range of t ...
... destruction and fragmentation of primary forest in the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.). Aside from habitat concerns, an additional peril exists for the species: the larger and more aggressive Barred Owl ( S. varia ) is invading the Pacific Northwest and has the potential to overrun much of the range of t ...
How do ecologists select and use indicator species
... (42%); assess habitat restoration (18%); and assess effects of pollution and contamination (18%). Indicators were chosen most frequently based on previously cited research (40%), local abundance (5%), ecological significance and/or conservation status (13%), or a combination of two or more of these r ...
... (42%); assess habitat restoration (18%); and assess effects of pollution and contamination (18%). Indicators were chosen most frequently based on previously cited research (40%), local abundance (5%), ecological significance and/or conservation status (13%), or a combination of two or more of these r ...
Multitrophic Diversity Effects Of Network Degradation
... one trophic level is decomposed by another), pollination (where pollen produced by one trophic level is removed by another), predation, resistance to invasion, resistance to disease spread, nutrient cycling, and others (Gamfeldt et al. 2008). These functions are perhaps more realistically represente ...
... one trophic level is decomposed by another), pollination (where pollen produced by one trophic level is removed by another), predation, resistance to invasion, resistance to disease spread, nutrient cycling, and others (Gamfeldt et al. 2008). These functions are perhaps more realistically represente ...
The geography of body size – challenges of the interspecific approach
... The latter approach draws attention to two additional problems associated with the study of species within higher taxa, both of which relate to taxonomy and phylogeny. First, if gridded data are used (with each grid cell contributing one data point), then it may be beneficial to examine patterns wit ...
... The latter approach draws attention to two additional problems associated with the study of species within higher taxa, both of which relate to taxonomy and phylogeny. First, if gridded data are used (with each grid cell contributing one data point), then it may be beneficial to examine patterns wit ...
Managing conflicts arising from fisheries enhancements based on
... (Balirwa et al., 2003). These enhancements have, however, largely been successful at achieving their goals. For example, non-native salmonid introductions into New Zealand have resulted in world-class sport fisheries (McIntosh et al., 2010). Nonetheless, the threat such non-native fisheries pose to ...
... (Balirwa et al., 2003). These enhancements have, however, largely been successful at achieving their goals. For example, non-native salmonid introductions into New Zealand have resulted in world-class sport fisheries (McIntosh et al., 2010). Nonetheless, the threat such non-native fisheries pose to ...
2010rat4
... involving two or more invasive species, such as an invasive plant and an invasive animal, may increase the negative effects on native biota and ecosystems beyond the independent effects of either invasive species (Parker et al. 2006; Oduor et al. 2010). There is great potential for such synergistic ...
... involving two or more invasive species, such as an invasive plant and an invasive animal, may increase the negative effects on native biota and ecosystems beyond the independent effects of either invasive species (Parker et al. 2006; Oduor et al. 2010). There is great potential for such synergistic ...
Good Buddies
... ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: 1. Amensalism (- , 0) -- in this interaction, one specie ...
... ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: 1. Amensalism (- , 0) -- in this interaction, one specie ...
Native Fauna on Exotic Trees: Phylogenetic
... (Lawton and Schröder 1977; Conner et al. 1980; Neuvonen and Niemelä 1981; Kennedy and Southwood 1984; Brändle and Brandl 2001) or effect sizes were quite low (Roques et al. 2006). Winter (1974) even showed that, at least in some cases, colonization from the distantly related surrounding herb and ...
... (Lawton and Schröder 1977; Conner et al. 1980; Neuvonen and Niemelä 1981; Kennedy and Southwood 1984; Brändle and Brandl 2001) or effect sizes were quite low (Roques et al. 2006). Winter (1974) even showed that, at least in some cases, colonization from the distantly related surrounding herb and ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.