Introductory Ecology Laboratory Manual - Your Space
... oxygen introduced by wind driven mixing. The third source is autochthonous – from inside the lake – and is a result of photosynthesis by plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Oxygen may be an indicator of primary productivity. Not only does it indicate the productivity of the lake, but the amount of dis ...
... oxygen introduced by wind driven mixing. The third source is autochthonous – from inside the lake – and is a result of photosynthesis by plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Oxygen may be an indicator of primary productivity. Not only does it indicate the productivity of the lake, but the amount of dis ...
The Ecological Niches of Poisonous Plants in Range Communities
... established in the physiologic systems of plants, their interactions with insects and rodents that consumed the seeds, seedlings, or herbage of the plant may have given them adaptive value. Evolution of resistance to poisons of plants by the herbivores probably has led to the proliferation of specie ...
... established in the physiologic systems of plants, their interactions with insects and rodents that consumed the seeds, seedlings, or herbage of the plant may have given them adaptive value. Evolution of resistance to poisons of plants by the herbivores probably has led to the proliferation of specie ...
2006 Invasive Species
... Invasive species: a species which, as a result of human activities, has established beyond its normal distribution or abundance and consequently may damage valued environmental, agricultural or personal resources The State of Australia’s Birds series presents an overview of the status of Australia’s ...
... Invasive species: a species which, as a result of human activities, has established beyond its normal distribution or abundance and consequently may damage valued environmental, agricultural or personal resources The State of Australia’s Birds series presents an overview of the status of Australia’s ...
multi-species grouping is a defense strategy for 3 sympatric Batoids
... grouping is evident in the fact that many species group facultatively, forming dense aggregations under some conditions but remaining solitary under others8. Multispecies groups are a special case of the predator-induced group, where additional benefits may be provided by the aggregation of a mix of ...
... grouping is evident in the fact that many species group facultatively, forming dense aggregations under some conditions but remaining solitary under others8. Multispecies groups are a special case of the predator-induced group, where additional benefits may be provided by the aggregation of a mix of ...
LOCAL AND REGIONAL PATTERNS OF SPECIES RICHNESS IN
... A, 13% for D, but only less than 4% for the others. Species pool size, i.e., the number of species that can potentially occur in a given habitat, was calculated for each plot using Beals index of sociological favourability applied to a large phytosociological database. For most vegetation types, the ...
... A, 13% for D, but only less than 4% for the others. Species pool size, i.e., the number of species that can potentially occur in a given habitat, was calculated for each plot using Beals index of sociological favourability applied to a large phytosociological database. For most vegetation types, the ...
Blue-grey Taildropper Fact Sheet
... mycorrhizal fungi, which grow on the roots of many trees, capturing nutrients from the soil and transferring it to the roots. This is beneficial to the plants and helps to create thriving forests (HAT, 2012). It appears that this species is of little threat to horticulture, as it prefers forest habi ...
... mycorrhizal fungi, which grow on the roots of many trees, capturing nutrients from the soil and transferring it to the roots. This is beneficial to the plants and helps to create thriving forests (HAT, 2012). It appears that this species is of little threat to horticulture, as it prefers forest habi ...
Diverse Matter - at www.arxiv.org.
... self-similar in its structure at all levels of hierarchy. For example, atoms are the base constituents that make molecules. Likewise at a higher level of hierarchy, cells are the base constituents that make organisms that make populations. Owing to the scale independent-formalism, one may, at each a ...
... self-similar in its structure at all levels of hierarchy. For example, atoms are the base constituents that make molecules. Likewise at a higher level of hierarchy, cells are the base constituents that make organisms that make populations. Owing to the scale independent-formalism, one may, at each a ...
Assessing the ecological significance of
... trates the ability of Schizachyrium scoparium ( little bluestem) rapidly and competitively to exclude other species under experimental conditions, where competition is predominantly for nitrogen only. However, in natural conditions, where competition is also mainly for nitrogen, little bluestem may ...
... trates the ability of Schizachyrium scoparium ( little bluestem) rapidly and competitively to exclude other species under experimental conditions, where competition is predominantly for nitrogen only. However, in natural conditions, where competition is also mainly for nitrogen, little bluestem may ...
Analysis of interspecific competition in perennial plants using life table
... Accuracy of the first-order approximation – The contribution of the xk to the observed difference of between the two treatments was assessed by using a first-order Taylor series expansion. The 1st order approximation was quite accurate for the three species as it predicted a difference within 2%, 6% ...
... Accuracy of the first-order approximation – The contribution of the xk to the observed difference of between the two treatments was assessed by using a first-order Taylor series expansion. The 1st order approximation was quite accurate for the three species as it predicted a difference within 2%, 6% ...
The global diversity of protozoa and other small species
... are very similar to one another. How can it be justified to squeeze more “new” ciliates into such a genus before rationalising the existing complement of nominal species? And if we look at the 730 “new” ciliate species described in the period 1978-1993, we find that many have been allocated to “old” ...
... are very similar to one another. How can it be justified to squeeze more “new” ciliates into such a genus before rationalising the existing complement of nominal species? And if we look at the 730 “new” ciliate species described in the period 1978-1993, we find that many have been allocated to “old” ...
1080 baiting - Wheatbelt NRM
... Leave your baits out for no longer than two weeks. After two weeks on the ground, 1080 will start to leach out of the bait and degrade. Any baits out on the ground for much longer than two weeks are likely to contain a sub-lethal dose of 1080. If a fox takes a bait with a sub-lethal dose of 1080 the ...
... Leave your baits out for no longer than two weeks. After two weeks on the ground, 1080 will start to leach out of the bait and degrade. Any baits out on the ground for much longer than two weeks are likely to contain a sub-lethal dose of 1080. If a fox takes a bait with a sub-lethal dose of 1080 the ...
Monitoring of butterflies in semi-natural grasslands: diurnal variation
... individuals had to be caught in order to be identified the inventory was temporarily paused and later resumed from the same spot. One pair of species was difficult to identify in the field, Leptidea sinapsis/ L. reali, and were therefore treated together. Nomenclature follows Eliasson et al. (2005) ...
... individuals had to be caught in order to be identified the inventory was temporarily paused and later resumed from the same spot. One pair of species was difficult to identify in the field, Leptidea sinapsis/ L. reali, and were therefore treated together. Nomenclature follows Eliasson et al. (2005) ...
distribution and temporal variation of the benthic fauna in a tidal flat
... characterized by the presence of high percentages of silt and clay at the high levels of the intertidal, and of sand at the intermediate and low levels. Organic matter content in sediments also differed among tidal levels, the highest values being recorded at high ...
... characterized by the presence of high percentages of silt and clay at the high levels of the intertidal, and of sand at the intermediate and low levels. Organic matter content in sediments also differed among tidal levels, the highest values being recorded at high ...
096
... chukar) are the dominant component of the avifauna in high-elevation shrubland (2070 - 3000 m) of Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii. This study focused on the natural history, ecological niche, and effects on native biota of these alien game birds in this Hawaiian ecosystem. Game-bird abundance ...
... chukar) are the dominant component of the avifauna in high-elevation shrubland (2070 - 3000 m) of Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii. This study focused on the natural history, ecological niche, and effects on native biota of these alien game birds in this Hawaiian ecosystem. Game-bird abundance ...
The Altitudinal Niche-Breadth Hypothesis in Insect
... Besides the obviously arbitrary nature of classifying phytophagous insects into three categories (i.e. first there is a completely graded spectrum between species that will eat only a single plant species to those that consume a high number of distantly-related plant species and, second, there may b ...
... Besides the obviously arbitrary nature of classifying phytophagous insects into three categories (i.e. first there is a completely graded spectrum between species that will eat only a single plant species to those that consume a high number of distantly-related plant species and, second, there may b ...
applying species diversity theory to land management
... scales, but it is often not clear how these ideas relate to one another, or how they apply across scales. Consequently, it has been difficult to use diversity theory as a basis for understanding patterns at the intermediate (landscape) scales at which biodiversity is managed. Here, we present a fram ...
... scales, but it is often not clear how these ideas relate to one another, or how they apply across scales. Consequently, it has been difficult to use diversity theory as a basis for understanding patterns at the intermediate (landscape) scales at which biodiversity is managed. Here, we present a fram ...
Experimental Zoogeography of Islands
... colonist. This definition says nothing about whether food and a breeding site exist; a species whose propagule lands on one of our islands is a colonist even if it is doomed to quick extinction for purely physical reasons (e.g., the absence of a suitable nest site in the Rhizophora for a given speci ...
... colonist. This definition says nothing about whether food and a breeding site exist; a species whose propagule lands on one of our islands is a colonist even if it is doomed to quick extinction for purely physical reasons (e.g., the absence of a suitable nest site in the Rhizophora for a given speci ...
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species
... variation (e.g., SD, SE or CL). We specifically identified community impact studies because these are few in numbers but highly valued (Parker et al. 1999; Vilà et al. 2011). For each identified community study we counted if an impact was reported using multivariate structures from graphs (e.g. nMDS ...
... variation (e.g., SD, SE or CL). We specifically identified community impact studies because these are few in numbers but highly valued (Parker et al. 1999; Vilà et al. 2011). For each identified community study we counted if an impact was reported using multivariate structures from graphs (e.g. nMDS ...
The impact of nonlinear functional responses on the long
... resulting structure was again similar to that shown in Fig. 1. These results were obtained without inter-specific direct competition, i.e. with aij ¼ cdij where dij is the Kronecker delta defined by dij ¼ 0 for iaj and dii ¼ 1: They are still true when direct inter-specific competition is included, as ...
... resulting structure was again similar to that shown in Fig. 1. These results were obtained without inter-specific direct competition, i.e. with aij ¼ cdij where dij is the Kronecker delta defined by dij ¼ 0 for iaj and dii ¼ 1: They are still true when direct inter-specific competition is included, as ...
autecology, geographic range, and the Holocene fossil record
... Forecasting how species will respond to climatic change requires knowledge of past community dynamics. Here we use time-series data from the small-mammal fossil records of two caves in the Great Basin of the American West to evaluate how contrasting and variable local paleoclimates have shaped small ...
... Forecasting how species will respond to climatic change requires knowledge of past community dynamics. Here we use time-series data from the small-mammal fossil records of two caves in the Great Basin of the American West to evaluate how contrasting and variable local paleoclimates have shaped small ...
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species
... variation (e.g., SD, SE or CL). We specifically identified community impact studies because these are few in numbers but highly valued (Parker et al. 1999; Vilà et al. 2011). For each identified community study we counted if an impact was reported using multivariate structures from graphs (e.g. nMDS ...
... variation (e.g., SD, SE or CL). We specifically identified community impact studies because these are few in numbers but highly valued (Parker et al. 1999; Vilà et al. 2011). For each identified community study we counted if an impact was reported using multivariate structures from graphs (e.g. nMDS ...
The Effect of Recycling on Plant Competitive Hierarchies
... 2000). In a study of 43 common British plants, Grime et al. (1997) found evidence for a trade-off between the capacity for rapid growth, when nutrients were not limiting, ...
... 2000). In a study of 43 common British plants, Grime et al. (1997) found evidence for a trade-off between the capacity for rapid growth, when nutrients were not limiting, ...
Niche versus chance and tree diversity in forest gaps
... and gap environments, the scope for niche partitioning along gap—understory gradients is lar ge20-22. light and soil resources are available for saplings or colonizing seedlings. Because most species depend on gaps for regeneration4,5 , they might compete for, and partition, gap Little partitioning ...
... and gap environments, the scope for niche partitioning along gap—understory gradients is lar ge20-22. light and soil resources are available for saplings or colonizing seedlings. Because most species depend on gaps for regeneration4,5 , they might compete for, and partition, gap Little partitioning ...
Felis nigripes, Black-footed Cat
... Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) The black-footed cat is a specialist of open, short grass areas with an abundance of small rodents and ground-roosting birds. It inhabits dry, open savanna, grasslands and Karoo semi-desert with sparse shrub and tree cover and a mean annu ...
... Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) The black-footed cat is a specialist of open, short grass areas with an abundance of small rodents and ground-roosting birds. It inhabits dry, open savanna, grasslands and Karoo semi-desert with sparse shrub and tree cover and a mean annu ...
Patterns of cooccurrences in a killifish
... systems (Levin 1992; Arim et al. 2007). Our analyses systematically indicated greater degrees of nonrandom co-occurrence for body size than for taxonomic identity, particularly at the sample unit level, which is a spatial scale at which biotic interactions tend to dominate (Webb et al. 2002; Violle ...
... systems (Levin 1992; Arim et al. 2007). Our analyses systematically indicated greater degrees of nonrandom co-occurrence for body size than for taxonomic identity, particularly at the sample unit level, which is a spatial scale at which biotic interactions tend to dominate (Webb et al. 2002; Violle ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.