On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology
... Indicators of population trends in other organisms are usually a single species and may be most successful if the principal factors affecting their population size are well understood (Landres 1983). They need to be monitored relatively easily at least during one stage of their life cycle (Temple & ...
... Indicators of population trends in other organisms are usually a single species and may be most successful if the principal factors affecting their population size are well understood (Landres 1983). They need to be monitored relatively easily at least during one stage of their life cycle (Temple & ...
Rusty Crayfish
... Could impact native fish populations through competition, predation and habitat modification May reduce amount and diversity of native aquatic invertebrates through predation May impact recreational and commercial fisheries through feeding on fish eggs and competing with juvenile fish for food Are a ...
... Could impact native fish populations through competition, predation and habitat modification May reduce amount and diversity of native aquatic invertebrates through predation May impact recreational and commercial fisheries through feeding on fish eggs and competing with juvenile fish for food Are a ...
Sequentially assembled food webs and extremum principles in
... The ecosystem processes would have to be built on a platform of assembly dynamics to gain this knowledge, because it is the assembly dynamics that determine the turnover of species. Here a model of ecosystem dynamics, driven explicitly by turnover of species, is analysed. The approach is to construc ...
... The ecosystem processes would have to be built on a platform of assembly dynamics to gain this knowledge, because it is the assembly dynamics that determine the turnover of species. Here a model of ecosystem dynamics, driven explicitly by turnover of species, is analysed. The approach is to construc ...
Dominant Species and Diversity: Linking Relative Abundance to
... vaders (Chesson 2000). In particular, the competitioncolonization trade-off model posits that good competitors will be poor dispersers, and this competitive ranking determines whether an invader can establish in the presence of the resident species (Tilman 1994). The most abundant species in such a ...
... vaders (Chesson 2000). In particular, the competitioncolonization trade-off model posits that good competitors will be poor dispersers, and this competitive ranking determines whether an invader can establish in the presence of the resident species (Tilman 1994). The most abundant species in such a ...
Chapter 2. Examples of Variation Patterns within Species and Genera
... masking of genetic differences by environmental modification. This effect can be eliminated only by growing the two ecotypes under uniform conditions. This example is probably typical of those in which a single subspecies contains more than one ecotype. It permits the generalization that the frequen ...
... masking of genetic differences by environmental modification. This effect can be eliminated only by growing the two ecotypes under uniform conditions. This example is probably typical of those in which a single subspecies contains more than one ecotype. It permits the generalization that the frequen ...
Chapter 4 Lecture.notebook
... • Henry Gleason = maintained that each species responds independently to its own limiting factors ...
... • Henry Gleason = maintained that each species responds independently to its own limiting factors ...
The assembly of forest communities according to maximum species
... organization of forest species according to maximum height, a trait associated with competitive ability for light. Specifically, we compared the species present in 409 different temperate forest plots with the pool of potentially present species (n 639 species), spanning a 50 000 km2 area of southe ...
... organization of forest species according to maximum height, a trait associated with competitive ability for light. Specifically, we compared the species present in 409 different temperate forest plots with the pool of potentially present species (n 639 species), spanning a 50 000 km2 area of southe ...
Local-regional relationships and the geographical distribution of
... comparing RPD values with their corresponding regional diversity measures can generate patterns similar to those of regular LR plots, without invoking any kind of local condition or interaction. In fact, our new SRLR (small region to large region) plots can take either of the Type I and Type II shap ...
... comparing RPD values with their corresponding regional diversity measures can generate patterns similar to those of regular LR plots, without invoking any kind of local condition or interaction. In fact, our new SRLR (small region to large region) plots can take either of the Type I and Type II shap ...
When can two plant species facilitate each other`s pollination?
... pollinator visitation to a focal species, but not whether increased pollination will elevate the growth rate or prolong the persistence of the focal population. In this paper, we define pollination facilitation as an increase in the population growth rate of one species caused by an increase in poll ...
... pollinator visitation to a focal species, but not whether increased pollination will elevate the growth rate or prolong the persistence of the focal population. In this paper, we define pollination facilitation as an increase in the population growth rate of one species caused by an increase in poll ...
pdf - Friends of the Gippsland Lakes Parks and Reserves
... native plants and trees thereby threatening plant species and competing with wallabies for food (Davis, Coulson & Forsyth, 2008) and can cause serious damage to the habitat of native animals such as the threatened long-footed potoroo and southern brown bandicoot (Adam, 2004). The subspecies Axis por ...
... native plants and trees thereby threatening plant species and competing with wallabies for food (Davis, Coulson & Forsyth, 2008) and can cause serious damage to the habitat of native animals such as the threatened long-footed potoroo and southern brown bandicoot (Adam, 2004). The subspecies Axis por ...
Asian Carp Invasion Lesson Plan
... through a power point presentation, a matching/coloring activity and a board game. First, we will introduce students to the concepts of watersheds, food webs and invasive species. Then we will introduce the Asian Carp, an invasive species that could become a threat to the Great Lakes watershed by tr ...
... through a power point presentation, a matching/coloring activity and a board game. First, we will introduce students to the concepts of watersheds, food webs and invasive species. Then we will introduce the Asian Carp, an invasive species that could become a threat to the Great Lakes watershed by tr ...
Understanding cooccurrence by modelling species simultaneously
... possibly due to the fact these species occurred in similar habitats that were not fully described by the environmental variables included in the JSDM. Eucalypt species that interbreed had similar environmental responses but had negative residual co-occurrence. One explanation is that interbreeding s ...
... possibly due to the fact these species occurred in similar habitats that were not fully described by the environmental variables included in the JSDM. Eucalypt species that interbreed had similar environmental responses but had negative residual co-occurrence. One explanation is that interbreeding s ...
Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions
... well-endowed. Because the more fit individuals are especially old when he set out in 1831 on his successful in passing along their favorable traits to their offspring, epic five-year, around-the-world the whole population will gradually change to be better suited voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle for ...
... well-endowed. Because the more fit individuals are especially old when he set out in 1831 on his successful in passing along their favorable traits to their offspring, epic five-year, around-the-world the whole population will gradually change to be better suited voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle for ...
Figure 1. Bird Island: Physical map, with position of tern colony and
... ha given by Feare (1979), 82 ha in Stoddart and Fosberg (1981), 101 ha in Skerrett et al. (2001), and 120.7 ha from recent aerial photographs (Ministry of Land Use and Habitat, Seychelles, unpublished data). In part, this variation may be explained by seasonal or longer-term variations in the vegeta ...
... ha given by Feare (1979), 82 ha in Stoddart and Fosberg (1981), 101 ha in Skerrett et al. (2001), and 120.7 ha from recent aerial photographs (Ministry of Land Use and Habitat, Seychelles, unpublished data). In part, this variation may be explained by seasonal or longer-term variations in the vegeta ...
Do communitylevel models describe community variation effectively?
... the ‘assemble and predict together’ strategies are expected to extrapolate beyond known assemblages. The authors also clarify that the ‘predict first, assemble later’ strategy does not consider patterns of species co-occurrence in the modelling process, whereas the ‘assemble and predict together’ st ...
... the ‘assemble and predict together’ strategies are expected to extrapolate beyond known assemblages. The authors also clarify that the ‘predict first, assemble later’ strategy does not consider patterns of species co-occurrence in the modelling process, whereas the ‘assemble and predict together’ st ...
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Declines in both redundant and trace species
... size and maximum growth rate; here these similarities are taken as indicating ecological redundancy. The structure of tintinnid populations, in terms of both species abundance distributions and distributions of species grouped in size-classes, has been characterized for the species-rich assemblages ...
... size and maximum growth rate; here these similarities are taken as indicating ecological redundancy. The structure of tintinnid populations, in terms of both species abundance distributions and distributions of species grouped in size-classes, has been characterized for the species-rich assemblages ...
How humans drive speciation as well as extinction
... approximately over the last 11 000 years (figure 1) [32]. These species encompass a variety of different breeds spread across almost all countries in the world (figure 2b). Any species that has been domesticated is subjected to altered selective pressures, both deliberate and incidental (e.g. [50]). ...
... approximately over the last 11 000 years (figure 1) [32]. These species encompass a variety of different breeds spread across almost all countries in the world (figure 2b). Any species that has been domesticated is subjected to altered selective pressures, both deliberate and incidental (e.g. [50]). ...
Leaf size, specific leaf area and microhabitat
... =3.14 m2) was recorded on a four-point scale reflecting percent cover (0, 0%; 1, 1–33%; 2, 34–67%; 3, 68–100%). In addition, each species was recorded as either “canopy”, if any plants were fully exposed to the sun, or “understory” if all individuals in the plot were shaded. An analysis using canoni ...
... =3.14 m2) was recorded on a four-point scale reflecting percent cover (0, 0%; 1, 1–33%; 2, 34–67%; 3, 68–100%). In addition, each species was recorded as either “canopy”, if any plants were fully exposed to the sun, or “understory” if all individuals in the plot were shaded. An analysis using canoni ...
GLOBAL WARMING AND FLOWERING TIMES IN THOREAU`S
... Edwards and Richardson 2004, Both et al. 2006). For plants, studies have shown significant variation in the rates at which flowering times are changing across species (Fitter et al. 1995, Bradley et al. 1999, Sparks et al. 2000). For example, in England, some species are flowering more than a month ear ...
... Edwards and Richardson 2004, Both et al. 2006). For plants, studies have shown significant variation in the rates at which flowering times are changing across species (Fitter et al. 1995, Bradley et al. 1999, Sparks et al. 2000). For example, in England, some species are flowering more than a month ear ...
Effect of Parity on Productivity and Sustainability of
... bottom up forces, where the populations are resource limited by the lowestlevel species. An example of bottom up control occurs in aquatic ecosystems in temperate climate zones. The phytoplankton in the water grow rapidly during the spring when sunlight increases and the water is nutrient rich from ...
... bottom up forces, where the populations are resource limited by the lowestlevel species. An example of bottom up control occurs in aquatic ecosystems in temperate climate zones. The phytoplankton in the water grow rapidly during the spring when sunlight increases and the water is nutrient rich from ...
The silviculture of conifers in Great Britain
... species. Scots pine entered south England about 9500 BP spreading north over the next two millennia but apparently not reaching the Southern Uplands of Scotland (Birks, 1989). The subsequent disappearance of these southerly populations remains something of a mystery as there are sites throughout sou ...
... species. Scots pine entered south England about 9500 BP spreading north over the next two millennia but apparently not reaching the Southern Uplands of Scotland (Birks, 1989). The subsequent disappearance of these southerly populations remains something of a mystery as there are sites throughout sou ...
The effect of land-use gradients on composition
... expected abundance in all habitat types but primarily because of the ability to capture and process individuals without anaesthesia and the possible long term health effects which come with administering anaesthetics to wild animals. The South-east Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator macromacualus ...
... expected abundance in all habitat types but primarily because of the ability to capture and process individuals without anaesthesia and the possible long term health effects which come with administering anaesthetics to wild animals. The South-east Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator macromacualus ...
Species interactions
... • Increased prey populations increases predators - Predators survive and reproduce • Increased predator populations decrease prey • Decreased prey population causes starvation of predators • Decreased predator populations increases prey populations ...
... • Increased prey populations increases predators - Predators survive and reproduce • Increased predator populations decrease prey • Decreased prey population causes starvation of predators • Decreased predator populations increases prey populations ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.