pdf. - Robert Colwell
... specimens and the accuracy of their associated collection data. For many reasons, collection data are often not reliable. In this regard, the passenger pigeon louse, C. defectus, also offered as an example of a coextinction, is illustrative, though perhaps extreme. The single specimen of this specie ...
... specimens and the accuracy of their associated collection data. For many reasons, collection data are often not reliable. In this regard, the passenger pigeon louse, C. defectus, also offered as an example of a coextinction, is illustrative, though perhaps extreme. The single specimen of this specie ...
Enhancing management effectiveness of invasive
... suggesting that only 1/8 of the population is detected (Kulbicki et al., 2012). In small island nations and territories such as the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI), scientific capacity and environmental resources are limited, so effective management must be balanced with associated effort and the cost ...
... suggesting that only 1/8 of the population is detected (Kulbicki et al., 2012). In small island nations and territories such as the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI), scientific capacity and environmental resources are limited, so effective management must be balanced with associated effort and the cost ...
Competition
... of one species. For this to occur, one organism must require less of the limiting resource to survive. The dominant species must also reduce the quantity of the resource below some critical level where the other species is unable to replace its numbers by reproduction. • Exploitation does not always ...
... of one species. For this to occur, one organism must require less of the limiting resource to survive. The dominant species must also reduce the quantity of the resource below some critical level where the other species is unable to replace its numbers by reproduction. • Exploitation does not always ...
A Meta-analysis of Studies on Plant Growth
... Many of the studies presented several comparisons on the same species that could potentially be used for this analysis. For example, a study might present RGR data for several species at both ambient and doubled CO2 levels. It would have been inadvisable to include more than one such comparison from ...
... Many of the studies presented several comparisons on the same species that could potentially be used for this analysis. For example, a study might present RGR data for several species at both ambient and doubled CO2 levels. It would have been inadvisable to include more than one such comparison from ...
WORK IN PROGRESS – NOT TO BE CITED
... who asked him if we have a moral responsibility to prevent predation. In answering this question, Singer makes a distinction between domestic pets such as cats and dogs, and wild animals, like the lion. With respect to carnivorous pets, Singer thinks it right to try to raise them on a special vegeta ...
... who asked him if we have a moral responsibility to prevent predation. In answering this question, Singer makes a distinction between domestic pets such as cats and dogs, and wild animals, like the lion. With respect to carnivorous pets, Singer thinks it right to try to raise them on a special vegeta ...
Domestic Cat Predation on Birds
... and the eradication of 41 bird species from New Zealand islands alone. On Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean, cats were estimated to kill 450,000 seabirds annually prior to cat eradication efforts.16 Cats in Habitat Islands: Cats can have significant impacts on local wildlife population ...
... and the eradication of 41 bird species from New Zealand islands alone. On Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean, cats were estimated to kill 450,000 seabirds annually prior to cat eradication efforts.16 Cats in Habitat Islands: Cats can have significant impacts on local wildlife population ...
JP Pipe and Steel 71 Lower Coast Road Stanwell Park
... Fauna habitat across the site comprises coastal scrub which provides dense cover to approximately 1 m in height. This habitat is suitable for some native reptiles, birds and small mammals (e.g. Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes)). Given the proximity to urban development it is likely that the most commonly ...
... Fauna habitat across the site comprises coastal scrub which provides dense cover to approximately 1 m in height. This habitat is suitable for some native reptiles, birds and small mammals (e.g. Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes)). Given the proximity to urban development it is likely that the most commonly ...
resources from another place and time: responses to pulses in a
... populations and communities to interactions between pulses and subsidies that depend on whether or not the pulsed resource and the subsidy are in phase or out of phase with each other. If a subsidy becomes available or is mobilized primarily during pulse periods (‘‘in phase’’), the subsidy will ampl ...
... populations and communities to interactions between pulses and subsidies that depend on whether or not the pulsed resource and the subsidy are in phase or out of phase with each other. If a subsidy becomes available or is mobilized primarily during pulse periods (‘‘in phase’’), the subsidy will ampl ...
Asymmetric competition between plant species
... FEC558.fm Page 616 Tuesday, September 4, 2001 5:19 PM ...
... FEC558.fm Page 616 Tuesday, September 4, 2001 5:19 PM ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization
... example, elevate the probability that pairwise interactions between species will yield hybrids, whilst human-provoked environmental disturbances will likewise provide habitats that are suitable for hybrid progeny [35]. This human dimensions aspect enhances the probability that ‘hybrid swarms’ will g ...
... example, elevate the probability that pairwise interactions between species will yield hybrids, whilst human-provoked environmental disturbances will likewise provide habitats that are suitable for hybrid progeny [35]. This human dimensions aspect enhances the probability that ‘hybrid swarms’ will g ...
MS Word Document - 881.5 KB - Department of Environment, Land
... formed from an undersea volcano that rose to the surface and has since subsided and risen over geological time. Terraces have formed around the island as a result of marine reef development and erosion processes. Christmas Island has a tropical climate with a distinct wet season between December and ...
... formed from an undersea volcano that rose to the surface and has since subsided and risen over geological time. Terraces have formed around the island as a result of marine reef development and erosion processes. Christmas Island has a tropical climate with a distinct wet season between December and ...
AS ENDANGERED SPECIES - Center for Biological Diversity
... suggests that foxes dispersed over water from the mainland and first arrived on the northern Channel Islands more than 16,000 years ago, but dispersed to the southern islands as recently as 2,200 – 4,300 years ago. Native Americans are believed to have transported Island foxes to the southern Channe ...
... suggests that foxes dispersed over water from the mainland and first arrived on the northern Channel Islands more than 16,000 years ago, but dispersed to the southern islands as recently as 2,200 – 4,300 years ago. Native Americans are believed to have transported Island foxes to the southern Channe ...
The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals
... black-backed morphs matched their background better than light morphs—only briefly, however, for just the first two weeks after an area had burnt (Kiltie 1992)—calling antipredator benefits into question. Nonetheless, red-tailed hawks responded more slowly to intermediate-colored morphs than to dark ...
... black-backed morphs matched their background better than light morphs—only briefly, however, for just the first two weeks after an area had burnt (Kiltie 1992)—calling antipredator benefits into question. Nonetheless, red-tailed hawks responded more slowly to intermediate-colored morphs than to dark ...
Singlespecies metapopulation dynamics
... dispersal to a nearby patch is more likely than dispersal to a far-away patch (‘stepping-stone’ dispersal), and because extinctions due to some common environmental cause may be spatially correlated. Possible correlation due to dispersal does not seem to be always critical, however, as several studi ...
... dispersal to a nearby patch is more likely than dispersal to a far-away patch (‘stepping-stone’ dispersal), and because extinctions due to some common environmental cause may be spatially correlated. Possible correlation due to dispersal does not seem to be always critical, however, as several studi ...
The importance of motivation, weapons, and foul odors in driving
... advantage over smaller animals, and that will determine who wins encounters. The size, health, and number of animals will be the most important influence of who wins an encounter. Animals that are hungry will be more willing to engage others and risk injury, and this will make them more likely to wi ...
... advantage over smaller animals, and that will determine who wins encounters. The size, health, and number of animals will be the most important influence of who wins an encounter. Animals that are hungry will be more willing to engage others and risk injury, and this will make them more likely to wi ...
Factors structuring the fish community in the area of the Coaracy
... Piscivorous and carnivorous fish are the primary target species of many commercial fisheries, and a reduction in the abundance of these species in the wild generally reflects the impact of the exploitation of fishery resources. This also has an effect on community structure [18]. ...
... Piscivorous and carnivorous fish are the primary target species of many commercial fisheries, and a reduction in the abundance of these species in the wild generally reflects the impact of the exploitation of fishery resources. This also has an effect on community structure [18]. ...
Ecosystem resistance to invasion and the role of
... The concept of ecological resistance includes both abiotic and biotic features of a recipient environment that influence the success of propagules of a species that has not previously occurred on a site. Despite broad interest in this topic by ecologists and land managers, we lack an understanding o ...
... The concept of ecological resistance includes both abiotic and biotic features of a recipient environment that influence the success of propagules of a species that has not previously occurred on a site. Despite broad interest in this topic by ecologists and land managers, we lack an understanding o ...
Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans
... classes is due to increased predation pressure from the adults of the target species (Figure 5b), whereas the larger asymptotic size classes are also affected by increased predation pressure during their juvenile stages. Furthermore, when the individuals of the larger asymptotic size classes are in ...
... classes is due to increased predation pressure from the adults of the target species (Figure 5b), whereas the larger asymptotic size classes are also affected by increased predation pressure during their juvenile stages. Furthermore, when the individuals of the larger asymptotic size classes are in ...
Edge type defines alien plant species invasions along Pinus
... adjacent subplots of 20 m2 were averaged into one plot of 40 m2. The effects of distance and edge type on seedling density were tested using MANOVA. We tested for the effects of (1) landscape context (GNF, YNP), (2) edge type (burns, highways, clearcuts), (3) distance from the edge (E1–E4 plots) and ...
... adjacent subplots of 20 m2 were averaged into one plot of 40 m2. The effects of distance and edge type on seedling density were tested using MANOVA. We tested for the effects of (1) landscape context (GNF, YNP), (2) edge type (burns, highways, clearcuts), (3) distance from the edge (E1–E4 plots) and ...
Ecological Concepts, Principles and Applications
... Biodiversity is the foundation of a vast array of ecosystem services essential for human well-being (see Figure 2).2 Ecosystems support all forms of life, moderate climates, filter water and air, conserve soil and nutrients and control pests. Species (animal and plant) provide us with food, building ...
... Biodiversity is the foundation of a vast array of ecosystem services essential for human well-being (see Figure 2).2 Ecosystems support all forms of life, moderate climates, filter water and air, conserve soil and nutrients and control pests. Species (animal and plant) provide us with food, building ...
Connections between ecology, biogeography, and paleobiology
... in the sample and relative latitudinal position within its contemporary geographic range. Species near the edges of their ranges showed uniformly low abundances, whereas those near the centres exhibited a wide range of abundances. Species near the edges of their ranges also appear to have exhibited ...
... in the sample and relative latitudinal position within its contemporary geographic range. Species near the edges of their ranges showed uniformly low abundances, whereas those near the centres exhibited a wide range of abundances. Species near the edges of their ranges also appear to have exhibited ...
Anthropogenic impacts on tropical forest biodiversity
... the connectance of the species within the network. Connectance studies have focused on unweighted trophic links, which may mask the role of skewed interaction strengths. Generally, however, in theoretical studies networks have been found to be robust, in terms of the secondary extinctions invoked, t ...
... the connectance of the species within the network. Connectance studies have focused on unweighted trophic links, which may mask the role of skewed interaction strengths. Generally, however, in theoretical studies networks have been found to be robust, in terms of the secondary extinctions invoked, t ...
The American Alligator: An Indicator Species for Everglades
... transformed by drainage and impoundment. Thus in many areas where alligators once existed, they have disappeared or are only present in permanent water bodies (canals, ponds) or during periods of extremely high water. Water depth and duration also affect health of alligators by impacting their food ...
... transformed by drainage and impoundment. Thus in many areas where alligators once existed, they have disappeared or are only present in permanent water bodies (canals, ponds) or during periods of extremely high water. Water depth and duration also affect health of alligators by impacting their food ...
wildlife matters - Australian Wildlife Conservancy
... Welcome to our Summer edition of Wildlife Matters. It is hard to imagine there can be a higher priority in Australia than finding an effective set of strategies to reduce the impact of feral cats and ultimately remove them from our landscapes. Killing an estimated 75 million native animals every nig ...
... Welcome to our Summer edition of Wildlife Matters. It is hard to imagine there can be a higher priority in Australia than finding an effective set of strategies to reduce the impact of feral cats and ultimately remove them from our landscapes. Killing an estimated 75 million native animals every nig ...
the usefulness of ecological niche concepts in understanding plant
... incorporated temporal fluctuation of resources availability. The two rational bases of this theory are, firstly, if resource availability fluctuates, the temporal advantages of one species become balanced by the advantages of the other species at another time. Secondly, coexistence may be ensured by ...
... incorporated temporal fluctuation of resources availability. The two rational bases of this theory are, firstly, if resource availability fluctuates, the temporal advantages of one species become balanced by the advantages of the other species at another time. Secondly, coexistence may be ensured by ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.