Dispersal Rates Affect Species Composition in Metacommunities of
... most of the species was lowest when there was no dispersal among local communities (table 1; fig. 2D); the probability of local extinction is likely to be highest when local abundances are low. These patterns reflect those seen in closed and linked communities in other systems (Huffaker 1958; Shorro ...
... most of the species was lowest when there was no dispersal among local communities (table 1; fig. 2D); the probability of local extinction is likely to be highest when local abundances are low. These patterns reflect those seen in closed and linked communities in other systems (Huffaker 1958; Shorro ...
biodiversity- global issues
... Microbes that live in the roots of leguminous transform atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to the plants64. The soil contains thousands of species of microbes which decompose dead organic matter and help maintain soil structure. Some microbes make enzymes65. While most microbes are very usef ...
... Microbes that live in the roots of leguminous transform atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to the plants64. The soil contains thousands of species of microbes which decompose dead organic matter and help maintain soil structure. Some microbes make enzymes65. While most microbes are very usef ...
Species Composition of Nebraska`s Freshwater Gastropod Fauna: A
... ecosystems. Most snails feed on periphyton and in turn are eaten by a number of invertebrate and vertebrate species, particularly waterfowl (Swanson and Duebbert 1989, Dillon 2000) and a diverse group of fishes from sunfishes to catfishes (Lauder 1983, Tiemann et al. 2011). A large amount of the energy ...
... ecosystems. Most snails feed on periphyton and in turn are eaten by a number of invertebrate and vertebrate species, particularly waterfowl (Swanson and Duebbert 1989, Dillon 2000) and a diverse group of fishes from sunfishes to catfishes (Lauder 1983, Tiemann et al. 2011). A large amount of the energy ...
Coextinction and Persistence of Dependent Species in a Changing
... specimens and the accuracy of their associated collection data. For many reasons, collection data are often not reliable. In this regard, the passenger pigeon louse, C. defectus, also offered as an example of a coextinction, is illustrative, though perhaps extreme. The single specimen of this specie ...
... specimens and the accuracy of their associated collection data. For many reasons, collection data are often not reliable. In this regard, the passenger pigeon louse, C. defectus, also offered as an example of a coextinction, is illustrative, though perhaps extreme. The single specimen of this specie ...
1 - NSW Department of Education
... Plan Budget: $79,500 Actual expenditure: $57,000 to date. Of this expenditure, $41,000 was on weed control and bush regeneration, greatly exceeding the $8000 allocated in the recovery plan. The remainder of the money was spent on production of the information brochure and Teachers Kit, which receive ...
... Plan Budget: $79,500 Actual expenditure: $57,000 to date. Of this expenditure, $41,000 was on weed control and bush regeneration, greatly exceeding the $8000 allocated in the recovery plan. The remainder of the money was spent on production of the information brochure and Teachers Kit, which receive ...
Gillman and Wright 2006 - Reed F. Noss Lab at the University of
... richness data will therefore violate the assumption of Poisson errors more often than the assumption of normality and symmetry of errors (B. McArdle, personal communication). In addition, Mittelbach et al. (2001) chose a significance level of 10%. Whittaker and Heegaard (2003) demonstrated how these ...
... richness data will therefore violate the assumption of Poisson errors more often than the assumption of normality and symmetry of errors (B. McArdle, personal communication). In addition, Mittelbach et al. (2001) chose a significance level of 10%. Whittaker and Heegaard (2003) demonstrated how these ...
Functional Extinctions of Species in Ecological Networks Torbjörn Säterberg
... extinctions and threshold values for species’ mortality rates in ecological networks. More specifically, I have derived threshold values for focal species mortality rates at which another species or the focal species itself goes numerically extinct (Paper I-II), or transgresses some predefined thres ...
... extinctions and threshold values for species’ mortality rates in ecological networks. More specifically, I have derived threshold values for focal species mortality rates at which another species or the focal species itself goes numerically extinct (Paper I-II), or transgresses some predefined thres ...
The beta-diversity of species interactions: Untangling the drivers of
... levels to help guide the development of the burgeoning field of interaction beta-diversity. In particular, we emphasize how variation in regional species pools (gamma-diversity) may contribute to variation in interaction beta-diversity among biogeographic regions with dissimilar evolutionary history ...
... levels to help guide the development of the burgeoning field of interaction beta-diversity. In particular, we emphasize how variation in regional species pools (gamma-diversity) may contribute to variation in interaction beta-diversity among biogeographic regions with dissimilar evolutionary history ...
The Niche
... feeds on another animal (the prey) is called predation. Predators can affect the size of prey populations in a community and determine the places prey can live and feed. ...
... feeds on another animal (the prey) is called predation. Predators can affect the size of prey populations in a community and determine the places prey can live and feed. ...
Chapter 53 - Community Ecology Powerpoint
... • Dominant species are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass • Biomass is the total mass of all individuals in a population • Dominant species exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species ...
... • Dominant species are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass • Biomass is the total mass of all individuals in a population • Dominant species exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species ...
Document
... growth of M. aeruginosa occurs mainly inside colonies, and when the growth of these cells begins to be suppressed as a result of self-shading, peripheral cells separate as smaller colonies. Since the growth rate of small colonies exceeds that of peripheral cells, this growth mechanism enables a popu ...
... growth of M. aeruginosa occurs mainly inside colonies, and when the growth of these cells begins to be suppressed as a result of self-shading, peripheral cells separate as smaller colonies. Since the growth rate of small colonies exceeds that of peripheral cells, this growth mechanism enables a popu ...
Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization
... almost indistinguishable. Also, cities typically grow by accretion and their homogenizing influence expands as land-use alteration intensifies. Urban biotic homogenization is a huge challenge to conservation for at least two fundamentally different but important reasons. One challenge already mentio ...
... almost indistinguishable. Also, cities typically grow by accretion and their homogenizing influence expands as land-use alteration intensifies. Urban biotic homogenization is a huge challenge to conservation for at least two fundamentally different but important reasons. One challenge already mentio ...
Plant invasions – the role of mutualisms
... Many introduced plant species rely on mutualisms in their new habitats to overcome barriers to establishment and to become naturalized and, in some cases, invasive. Mutualisms involving animalmediated pollination and seed dispersal, and symbioses between plant roots and microbiota often facilitate i ...
... Many introduced plant species rely on mutualisms in their new habitats to overcome barriers to establishment and to become naturalized and, in some cases, invasive. Mutualisms involving animalmediated pollination and seed dispersal, and symbioses between plant roots and microbiota often facilitate i ...
Climate modifies response of non
... ultimately affecting the composition and richness of a community [29–31]. For instance, under elevated temperature and nutrient enrichment, plants respond faster to changes in soil resources and to increased carbon sequestration, leading to changes in community composition [29,31]. Similarly, experi ...
... ultimately affecting the composition and richness of a community [29–31]. For instance, under elevated temperature and nutrient enrichment, plants respond faster to changes in soil resources and to increased carbon sequestration, leading to changes in community composition [29,31]. Similarly, experi ...
The Archaeology of Oceania
... The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. It is roughly circular with a water area of 165 million sq km and a land area of 1.3 million sq km spread among at least 25 000 islands. The Pacific straddles the equator where it is 16 640 km wide and stretches 14 720 km from the Bering Strait to ...
... The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. It is roughly circular with a water area of 165 million sq km and a land area of 1.3 million sq km spread among at least 25 000 islands. The Pacific straddles the equator where it is 16 640 km wide and stretches 14 720 km from the Bering Strait to ...
Opposing intraspecific vs. interspecific diversity effects on
... enhancement (Bruno et al. 2003; Fowler 1986) and niche differentiation among species (Tilman et al. 1997a). For example, an increase in total water and nitrogen uptake was observed in communities of species with differing rooting depths or between N-fixing and non-fixing species, respectively (Hoope ...
... enhancement (Bruno et al. 2003; Fowler 1986) and niche differentiation among species (Tilman et al. 1997a). For example, an increase in total water and nitrogen uptake was observed in communities of species with differing rooting depths or between N-fixing and non-fixing species, respectively (Hoope ...
Coexistence and relative abundance in annual plant assemblages
... limited amount of resources to allocate toward reproduction and because this allocation is roughly consistent across species within a community, species can produce many small seeds or fewer larger ones (Harper 1977). A clear example is shown in figure 1A. This well-supported seed size/seed number t ...
... limited amount of resources to allocate toward reproduction and because this allocation is roughly consistent across species within a community, species can produce many small seeds or fewer larger ones (Harper 1977). A clear example is shown in figure 1A. This well-supported seed size/seed number t ...
3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... We have seen that species richness varies with latitude, climate, productivity, and a host of other physical and biological variables. Community ecologists have long focused on understanding the mechanisms driving these patterns of diversity. Recently, however, ecologists have become interested in h ...
... We have seen that species richness varies with latitude, climate, productivity, and a host of other physical and biological variables. Community ecologists have long focused on understanding the mechanisms driving these patterns of diversity. Recently, however, ecologists have become interested in h ...
The Endangered Species Act and the distinct population segment
... as a DPS, and other language in the Policy is to the same effect. As will be seen, however, a strong argument could be made that the significance tests should be applied differently depending upon context. After listing the elements, the 1996 Policy states (USFWS and NOAA 1996:4725) A population seg ...
... as a DPS, and other language in the Policy is to the same effect. As will be seen, however, a strong argument could be made that the significance tests should be applied differently depending upon context. After listing the elements, the 1996 Policy states (USFWS and NOAA 1996:4725) A population seg ...
California red-legged frog - Baylands Ecosystem Habitat Goals Project
... CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF THE SPECIES CRLF have been well studied over the last century (Storer 1925, Stebbins 1985, Fellers 2005), and more recently, in the San Francisco Bay Area there are several studies (i.e., Bobzien et al. 2000, Fellers and Kleeman 2007, Tatarian 2008). Recent studies have foc ...
... CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF THE SPECIES CRLF have been well studied over the last century (Storer 1925, Stebbins 1985, Fellers 2005), and more recently, in the San Francisco Bay Area there are several studies (i.e., Bobzien et al. 2000, Fellers and Kleeman 2007, Tatarian 2008). Recent studies have foc ...
Competition
... of one species. For this to occur, one organism must require less of the limiting resource to survive. The dominant species must also reduce the quantity of the resource below some critical level where the other species is unable to replace its numbers by reproduction. • Exploitation does not always ...
... of one species. For this to occur, one organism must require less of the limiting resource to survive. The dominant species must also reduce the quantity of the resource below some critical level where the other species is unable to replace its numbers by reproduction. • Exploitation does not always ...
Species Abundance, Not Diet Breadth, Drives the Persistence of the
... but instead are more abundant in human-disturbed habitats. This is true in forested biomes generally (Winfree et al. 2011), in our previous work in this region (Winfree and Kremen 2009), and in the present study (fig. A2). The presence of such disturbance-associated species would hinder our ability ...
... but instead are more abundant in human-disturbed habitats. This is true in forested biomes generally (Winfree et al. 2011), in our previous work in this region (Winfree and Kremen 2009), and in the present study (fig. A2). The presence of such disturbance-associated species would hinder our ability ...
Biodiversity and Species Extinctions in Model Food Webs Charlotte Borrvall
... species are packed into the same finite area and the population sizes are reduced). This finding implies that in the construction of nature reserves the advantages of redundancy for conservation of communities may be lost if the reserves are small in size. Following deletion of one species we also f ...
... species are packed into the same finite area and the population sizes are reduced). This finding implies that in the construction of nature reserves the advantages of redundancy for conservation of communities may be lost if the reserves are small in size. Following deletion of one species we also f ...
PDF
... jaguars are dominant over pumas. Despite it is difficult to detect the intraguild predator phenomenon between solitary, forested and low-density species such as jaguars and pumas, there are records of jaguars killing pumas in areas of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina [27–30]. Thus coexisting at a region ...
... jaguars are dominant over pumas. Despite it is difficult to detect the intraguild predator phenomenon between solitary, forested and low-density species such as jaguars and pumas, there are records of jaguars killing pumas in areas of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina [27–30]. Thus coexisting at a region ...
pdf. - Robert Colwell
... specimens and the accuracy of their associated collection data. For many reasons, collection data are often not reliable. In this regard, the passenger pigeon louse, C. defectus, also offered as an example of a coextinction, is illustrative, though perhaps extreme. The single specimen of this specie ...
... specimens and the accuracy of their associated collection data. For many reasons, collection data are often not reliable. In this regard, the passenger pigeon louse, C. defectus, also offered as an example of a coextinction, is illustrative, though perhaps extreme. The single specimen of this specie ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.