Succession: A Closer Look
... non-native, is introduced and becomes established in a community, is an essential part of succession. Our understanding of successional processes can inform our understanding of the process of invasion by non-native species, at least during the initial stages of an invasion (Sakai et al. 2001). For ...
... non-native, is introduced and becomes established in a community, is an essential part of succession. Our understanding of successional processes can inform our understanding of the process of invasion by non-native species, at least during the initial stages of an invasion (Sakai et al. 2001). For ...
How does the 50/500 rule apply to MVPs?
... the extinction risk of threatened species, especially those that emphasize that MVPs should be in the thousands to maintain evolutionary potential. The 50/500 rule and extinction risk Early doubt and controversy about whether genetic factors had any part to play in extinction risks of threatened org ...
... the extinction risk of threatened species, especially those that emphasize that MVPs should be in the thousands to maintain evolutionary potential. The 50/500 rule and extinction risk Early doubt and controversy about whether genetic factors had any part to play in extinction risks of threatened org ...
Species functional redundancy, random extinctions and the stability
... lost when species become randomly extinct within a given community. In particular, we predict how many species can go extinct before a community loses its first functional group, a useful index for conservation purposes. 3 We demonstrate that the probability of a whole functional group becoming exti ...
... lost when species become randomly extinct within a given community. In particular, we predict how many species can go extinct before a community loses its first functional group, a useful index for conservation purposes. 3 We demonstrate that the probability of a whole functional group becoming exti ...
Factors Influencing Biodiversity and Distributional Gradients in
... and ocean currents both to replenish existing stands and to establish new ones. The direction they travel depends on sea currents and land barriers, but the dispersal distance depends on the time that propagules remain buoyant and viable. This is expected to differ for each species. Similarly, each ...
... and ocean currents both to replenish existing stands and to establish new ones. The direction they travel depends on sea currents and land barriers, but the dispersal distance depends on the time that propagules remain buoyant and viable. This is expected to differ for each species. Similarly, each ...
Growth, regeneration and predation in three species of large coral
... species. Recognition of food and feeding activity were observed over the next few hours. In both experiments the non-toxic and readily eaten sponge (Green 1977) Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) was presented as a reference. As a follow-up to the aquarium experiments, pieces of A. clathrodesand ...
... species. Recognition of food and feeding activity were observed over the next few hours. In both experiments the non-toxic and readily eaten sponge (Green 1977) Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) was presented as a reference. As a follow-up to the aquarium experiments, pieces of A. clathrodesand ...
Chapter 14: Interactions in Ecosystems
... use the same resources in the same ways, one species will always be better adapted to the environment. The principle of competitive exclusion states that when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into a ...
... use the same resources in the same ways, one species will always be better adapted to the environment. The principle of competitive exclusion states that when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into a ...
Mammals and Seeds - Plymouth State University
... after the fourth day. It is possible that the small mammal residents were becoming more cautious to the threats of spending increased time in the risky habitat, so they started spending less time in the field. They could have also been more aware of the seeds present in the ecotone and forest and be ...
... after the fourth day. It is possible that the small mammal residents were becoming more cautious to the threats of spending increased time in the risky habitat, so they started spending less time in the field. They could have also been more aware of the seeds present in the ecotone and forest and be ...
Nonrandom extinction patterns can modulate pest control service
... equally common in a second set of simulations in which diet breadths were uniformly distributed (where gi ranged from 1 to 5). In order to assign predators their prey, we ordered prey arbitrarily along a circular trait axis, which could represent variation in one or a combination of traits not expli ...
... equally common in a second set of simulations in which diet breadths were uniformly distributed (where gi ranged from 1 to 5). In order to assign predators their prey, we ordered prey arbitrarily along a circular trait axis, which could represent variation in one or a combination of traits not expli ...
Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology
... determined by a combination of factors (e.g. grazing intensity, fire frequency, pollution or nutrient loading) that characterize the environmental condition. Critical thresholds of environmental conditions, E1 and E2 (Figure Ia, red dots), bound stable equilibrium (or attractors, Figure Ia, solid bl ...
... determined by a combination of factors (e.g. grazing intensity, fire frequency, pollution or nutrient loading) that characterize the environmental condition. Critical thresholds of environmental conditions, E1 and E2 (Figure Ia, red dots), bound stable equilibrium (or attractors, Figure Ia, solid bl ...
Alien Marine Invertebrates of Hawaii
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
Sustaining multiple ecosystem functions in grassland communities requires higher biodiversity
... s human-driven ecosystem simplification and species losses accelerate worldwide, a growing body of experimental and theoretical literature has emerged to examine the effects of biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning. Syntheses in this field suggest that the relationship between species richness ...
... s human-driven ecosystem simplification and species losses accelerate worldwide, a growing body of experimental and theoretical literature has emerged to examine the effects of biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning. Syntheses in this field suggest that the relationship between species richness ...
Van Buskirk 2002
... (table 1). The experiments began when tadpoles were 3–10 d old (stage 24–25; Gosner 1960). The data for Rana pipiens came from Relyea and Werner (2000), who reared and measured tadpoles under conditions similar to those in my own experiments. Behavioral data were not available for R. pipiens. Measur ...
... (table 1). The experiments began when tadpoles were 3–10 d old (stage 24–25; Gosner 1960). The data for Rana pipiens came from Relyea and Werner (2000), who reared and measured tadpoles under conditions similar to those in my own experiments. Behavioral data were not available for R. pipiens. Measur ...
A Three-Way Trade-Off Maintains Functional Diversity under
... Qmin from studies in which monocultures were grown under P limitation, with other nutrients and light at nonlimiting levels, with temperature at or near 20"C, and with uptake kinetics measured using P-depleted cells. As a metric of ability to store P, we compiled estimates of the maximum measured P ...
... Qmin from studies in which monocultures were grown under P limitation, with other nutrients and light at nonlimiting levels, with temperature at or near 20"C, and with uptake kinetics measured using P-depleted cells. As a metric of ability to store P, we compiled estimates of the maximum measured P ...
Effects of Pleistocene environmental changes on the
... (Table 2). Although all the Pleistocene species of proboscideans found in Mexico (represented by mammoths, mastodonts, and gomphotheriids) became extinct, other species belonging to this order such as Elephantidae survived in Africa and Asia. Other families such as Equidae (horses) survived in Asia ...
... (Table 2). Although all the Pleistocene species of proboscideans found in Mexico (represented by mammoths, mastodonts, and gomphotheriids) became extinct, other species belonging to this order such as Elephantidae survived in Africa and Asia. Other families such as Equidae (horses) survived in Asia ...
Effective Population Size, Gene Flow, and Species Status in a
... between species, as indicated by the average net divergence across loci, which was 0.14% (range 0–0.46%). A summary of the four types of substitutions described in Wakeley and Hey [16] are given in Table 2. These substitutions are the number of sites polymorphic in each species, in both species, and ...
... between species, as indicated by the average net divergence across loci, which was 0.14% (range 0–0.46%). A summary of the four types of substitutions described in Wakeley and Hey [16] are given in Table 2. These substitutions are the number of sites polymorphic in each species, in both species, and ...
The relative contributions of species richness and species
... of mowing; consequently, species richness is expressed as the total number of species. Plant species composition was described by the percentage cover of all plant species in the subplots, estimated by visual inspection. Total aboveground biomass was assessed from leaf area index measurements, calib ...
... of mowing; consequently, species richness is expressed as the total number of species. Plant species composition was described by the percentage cover of all plant species in the subplots, estimated by visual inspection. Total aboveground biomass was assessed from leaf area index measurements, calib ...
DOC - Europa.eu
... assembled an impressive number of partners: district authorities and municipalities as well as local angler associations and nature conservation NGOs. Due to huge local recreation demands, a substantial part of the project will develop new information strategies, including an electronic mobile natur ...
... assembled an impressive number of partners: district authorities and municipalities as well as local angler associations and nature conservation NGOs. Due to huge local recreation demands, a substantial part of the project will develop new information strategies, including an electronic mobile natur ...
Common Questions, Helpful Answers
... biodiversity conservation. As flagship species, they attract public concern for the work that must be done. They are a high priority for conservation, because if we do not take action and a species becomes extinct, then we lose not just one statistic from the total roll-call of species diversity, bu ...
... biodiversity conservation. As flagship species, they attract public concern for the work that must be done. They are a high priority for conservation, because if we do not take action and a species becomes extinct, then we lose not just one statistic from the total roll-call of species diversity, bu ...
HABIT-CHANGE Priority matrix impacts per region and habitat
... based on a literature review (see Output 3.1.1). They will give a broader overview on the topic and allow for a comparison of the data from investigation areas with information provided on a more general scale. The information on impacts per investigation area in chapter 4 is based on expert knowled ...
... based on a literature review (see Output 3.1.1). They will give a broader overview on the topic and allow for a comparison of the data from investigation areas with information provided on a more general scale. The information on impacts per investigation area in chapter 4 is based on expert knowled ...
Moving beyond assumptions to understand abundance distributions
... Distributions of abundance are non-existent currently for most taxa, yet they can provide crucial baseline data for monitoring populations and for testing hypotheses related to conservation biology and species responses to climate change. Ceballos and Ehrlich [61] emphasized that conservation effort ...
... Distributions of abundance are non-existent currently for most taxa, yet they can provide crucial baseline data for monitoring populations and for testing hypotheses related to conservation biology and species responses to climate change. Ceballos and Ehrlich [61] emphasized that conservation effort ...
Genetic diversity within vertebrate species is greater at lower
... Higher genetic diversity at the lower latitude areas of a species range, just like overall species richness at lower latitudes, can be explained by many processes. In fact, it seems likely that many processes are operating simultaneously in a combinatory fashion to produce the global pattern. Here, ...
... Higher genetic diversity at the lower latitude areas of a species range, just like overall species richness at lower latitudes, can be explained by many processes. In fact, it seems likely that many processes are operating simultaneously in a combinatory fashion to produce the global pattern. Here, ...
Laurance 2008 - Reed F. Noss Lab at the University of Central
... some key conceptual advances linked to IBT, including those from the many investigations it helped to spawn, as well as from the original theory itself. Perhaps more than anything, IBT opened people’s eyes to the importance of vastness for nature conservation (see also Preston, 1960). Big reserves c ...
... some key conceptual advances linked to IBT, including those from the many investigations it helped to spawn, as well as from the original theory itself. Perhaps more than anything, IBT opened people’s eyes to the importance of vastness for nature conservation (see also Preston, 1960). Big reserves c ...
6 Succession and Change in Ecosystems
... of extinction. If an organism becomes extinct, it no longer exists anywhere in the world. The loss of an organism’s home, or habitat loss, is now the main reason why so many species are threatened with extinction. Humans have cleared land across Canada to build homes, cities, and roads, and to acces ...
... of extinction. If an organism becomes extinct, it no longer exists anywhere in the world. The loss of an organism’s home, or habitat loss, is now the main reason why so many species are threatened with extinction. Humans have cleared land across Canada to build homes, cities, and roads, and to acces ...
Seed arrival, ecological filters, and plant species richness: a meta
... tests of the role of propagule supply in natural communities have largely focused on terrestrial plants, with a concurrent growing number of experiments in animal and microbial communities (e.g., Cadotte 2006; Lee & Bruno 2009). In plant populations, there is strong evidence for propagule limitation ...
... tests of the role of propagule supply in natural communities have largely focused on terrestrial plants, with a concurrent growing number of experiments in animal and microbial communities (e.g., Cadotte 2006; Lee & Bruno 2009). In plant populations, there is strong evidence for propagule limitation ...
DISPERSAL OF LIVING ORGANISMS INTO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
... bones, were doubtless lost when the fish was returned to feral conditions (Laycock 1966). Within the first two decades of the 1900s, the introduction of common carp was generally recognized as a mistake, particularly as it began to dominate many waters in the midwest and east (Courtenay et al. 1984, ...
... bones, were doubtless lost when the fish was returned to feral conditions (Laycock 1966). Within the first two decades of the 1900s, the introduction of common carp was generally recognized as a mistake, particularly as it began to dominate many waters in the midwest and east (Courtenay et al. 1984, ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.