Effects of environmental change on zoonotic disease risk: an
... about how specific abiotic variables, acting directly or indirectly, affect zoonotic agents [15–18] (Box 1). Most zoonotic pathogens are transmitted to humans either directly from zoonotic hosts or indirectly via vectors that acquire infections from the reservoir host and transmit them to humans [11 ...
... about how specific abiotic variables, acting directly or indirectly, affect zoonotic agents [15–18] (Box 1). Most zoonotic pathogens are transmitted to humans either directly from zoonotic hosts or indirectly via vectors that acquire infections from the reservoir host and transmit them to humans [11 ...
From individuals to populations to communities A dynamic energy
... Marine ecosystems are submitted to strong anthropogenic pressures, directly through the effects of fisheries, pollutions and ocean acidification and indirectly through the effects of climate changes and their interaction with natural climate variability. Understanding and predicting those effects and ...
... Marine ecosystems are submitted to strong anthropogenic pressures, directly through the effects of fisheries, pollutions and ocean acidification and indirectly through the effects of climate changes and their interaction with natural climate variability. Understanding and predicting those effects and ...
evolution of old and new world migration systems
... The apparent nomadism of Palearctic migrant birds during the wintering period in Afrotropical savannah resulted in their characterisation as wandering interlopers, subordinate to Tropical residents, forced to subsist on temporary resource concentrations in marginal habitats. These ideas persist, and ...
... The apparent nomadism of Palearctic migrant birds during the wintering period in Afrotropical savannah resulted in their characterisation as wandering interlopers, subordinate to Tropical residents, forced to subsist on temporary resource concentrations in marginal habitats. These ideas persist, and ...
Patterns in the structure of Asian and North American desert small
... desert rodent communities suggest that these are not strongly influenced by competition; in fact, they have greater numbers of ecologically and morphologically similar species than expected. These results appear to reflect strong habitat selection, with positive associations among species that share ...
... desert rodent communities suggest that these are not strongly influenced by competition; in fact, they have greater numbers of ecologically and morphologically similar species than expected. These results appear to reflect strong habitat selection, with positive associations among species that share ...
1 Introduction
... phenolics, on soils that are low in all nutrients, particularly phosphate. Northup et al. (1998) describe a ...
... phenolics, on soils that are low in all nutrients, particularly phosphate. Northup et al. (1998) describe a ...
simulated predator extinctions
... Abstract. The rate of species loss is increasing at a global scale, and human-induced extinctions are biased toward predator species. We examined the effects of predator extinctions on a foundation species, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). We performed a factorial experiment manipulating ...
... Abstract. The rate of species loss is increasing at a global scale, and human-induced extinctions are biased toward predator species. We examined the effects of predator extinctions on a foundation species, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). We performed a factorial experiment manipulating ...
Loxodonta africana, African Elephant
... subsequent recovery in recent years (Blanc et al. 2005, 2007). In Southern Africa, which now harbours the largest known populations on the continent, elephant numbers are believed to have been at their lowest around the turn of the 20th century, and to have been increasing steadily ever since. The m ...
... subsequent recovery in recent years (Blanc et al. 2005, 2007). In Southern Africa, which now harbours the largest known populations on the continent, elephant numbers are believed to have been at their lowest around the turn of the 20th century, and to have been increasing steadily ever since. The m ...
Seed Dispersal and Spatial Pattern in Tropical Trees
... Although previous studies have used seed-fall data and repeated censuses to examine the consequences of dispersal for seedling distributions [11,30], such an approach is not feasible over the time scales necessary to study more mature tree populations. In contrast, here we have taken advantage of va ...
... Although previous studies have used seed-fall data and repeated censuses to examine the consequences of dispersal for seedling distributions [11,30], such an approach is not feasible over the time scales necessary to study more mature tree populations. In contrast, here we have taken advantage of va ...
An in situ study of predator aggregations on scallop (Pecten
... observations made along a fished track (e.g., Medcof and Bourne, 1964; Caddy, 1973; Chapman et al., 1977; Murawski and Serchuk, 1989; Kaiser and Spencer, 1994b). These have all noted increased densities of several fish and invertebrate scavenging species in response to fishing activities, but detail ...
... observations made along a fished track (e.g., Medcof and Bourne, 1964; Caddy, 1973; Chapman et al., 1977; Murawski and Serchuk, 1989; Kaiser and Spencer, 1994b). These have all noted increased densities of several fish and invertebrate scavenging species in response to fishing activities, but detail ...
SIZE RATIOS
... trophic structures (bill depth, mandible length), it is by no means obvious what the appropriate morphological variables are that reflect resource use (Wilson 1975). For example, Carothers (1982) found that resource partitioning in a guild of Hawaiian honeycreepers depended on the morphology of the ...
... trophic structures (bill depth, mandible length), it is by no means obvious what the appropriate morphological variables are that reflect resource use (Wilson 1975). For example, Carothers (1982) found that resource partitioning in a guild of Hawaiian honeycreepers depended on the morphology of the ...
rabbit action plan background paper
... Legislative documents dealing with pest animal issues detail responsibilities that must be fulfilled within the powers of the responsible land manager or landowner, while policy recommends actions that should be implemented for pest animal control. Requirements and mechanisms under legislation must ...
... Legislative documents dealing with pest animal issues detail responsibilities that must be fulfilled within the powers of the responsible land manager or landowner, while policy recommends actions that should be implemented for pest animal control. Requirements and mechanisms under legislation must ...
Bridled Nailtail Wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata)
... The Bridled Nailtail Wallaby is a small wallaby, weighing an average of 5-6kg (females 45kg). It is light tan in colour with a distinct white line forming a “bridle” from the back of the neck to behind the forelimbs. Its other distinctive markings are the white stripes along the sides of the face, a ...
... The Bridled Nailtail Wallaby is a small wallaby, weighing an average of 5-6kg (females 45kg). It is light tan in colour with a distinct white line forming a “bridle” from the back of the neck to behind the forelimbs. Its other distinctive markings are the white stripes along the sides of the face, a ...
Spar genetic analysis of two invasive species of Cichla (Tucunaré
... ecosystems has been a prominent target in international literature, focusing on the studies that aim at evaluating the causes and effects of these introductions in native aquatic communities. According to Elvira and Almodóvar (2001) the introduction of exotic species and the loss of natural habitats ...
... ecosystems has been a prominent target in international literature, focusing on the studies that aim at evaluating the causes and effects of these introductions in native aquatic communities. According to Elvira and Almodóvar (2001) the introduction of exotic species and the loss of natural habitats ...
How can we detect introduced mammalian predators in non
... and are essential for effective population monitoring and for assessing the outcome of management programmes. However, detection techniques vary in their ability to detect different species. A wide range of mammalian predator species, most introduced into New Zealand since the late 18th century, hav ...
... and are essential for effective population monitoring and for assessing the outcome of management programmes. However, detection techniques vary in their ability to detect different species. A wide range of mammalian predator species, most introduced into New Zealand since the late 18th century, hav ...
Japanese knotweed - Michigan Natural Features Inventory
... herbicides to improve their performance including mixing agents, surfactants, penetrating oils and dyes. Some are included in premixed products while others must be added. Adjuvants do not work with all products; consult the product label to determine which adjuvants may be used with a specific herb ...
... herbicides to improve their performance including mixing agents, surfactants, penetrating oils and dyes. Some are included in premixed products while others must be added. Adjuvants do not work with all products; consult the product label to determine which adjuvants may be used with a specific herb ...
Past tree range dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula
... main utility of nuclear markers is to determine geographical patterns of genetic diversity, which can to some extent be used to infer past dynamics, too (e.g. López de Heredia et al., 2005). Phylogeographical studies have described historical population and geographical range dynamics of numerous tr ...
... main utility of nuclear markers is to determine geographical patterns of genetic diversity, which can to some extent be used to infer past dynamics, too (e.g. López de Heredia et al., 2005). Phylogeographical studies have described historical population and geographical range dynamics of numerous tr ...
Alice Mackay-cetacean interactions updated
... • New Zealand • Within area of SPF bycatch of this species has been recorded in • South Australian Sardine Fishery • Gillnet sector of GHAT SESSF fishery • Anti-predator nets at aquaculture pens ...
... • New Zealand • Within area of SPF bycatch of this species has been recorded in • South Australian Sardine Fishery • Gillnet sector of GHAT SESSF fishery • Anti-predator nets at aquaculture pens ...
Classification of Vegetation - Montana Natural Heritage Program
... This meanss different areas will be at different developmental stages due to specific local histories, particularly the time interval since last major disturbance. This fact interacts with inherent environmental variability (e.g., in soils, climate, topography, etc.), which is also a function of are ...
... This meanss different areas will be at different developmental stages due to specific local histories, particularly the time interval since last major disturbance. This fact interacts with inherent environmental variability (e.g., in soils, climate, topography, etc.), which is also a function of are ...
Curiosity killed the bird: arbitrary hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia
... Reports of hunted Harpy Eagles were obtained ad. lib. from other informants during complementary research in the study area in 2000–07 (Table 1, Figs. 2–4). In five cases (including a report from the municipality of Juruena, contiguous with Nova Bandeirantes), the eagle was killed simply to satisfy ...
... Reports of hunted Harpy Eagles were obtained ad. lib. from other informants during complementary research in the study area in 2000–07 (Table 1, Figs. 2–4). In five cases (including a report from the municipality of Juruena, contiguous with Nova Bandeirantes), the eagle was killed simply to satisfy ...
An Evolutionary Approach to Understanding the Biology of Invasions
... 1996; Parker et al. 1999; Mack et al. 2000). Yet only a small percentage of introduced species succeed in establishing themselves, and only a few of those become the widespread, high-density pest species recognized for their conservation impact ( Williamson & Fitter 1996; Smith et al. 1999). Is ther ...
... 1996; Parker et al. 1999; Mack et al. 2000). Yet only a small percentage of introduced species succeed in establishing themselves, and only a few of those become the widespread, high-density pest species recognized for their conservation impact ( Williamson & Fitter 1996; Smith et al. 1999). Is ther ...
Regional Limiting Factors Affecting Salmon Strongholds and
... at the watershed or reach scale, threats like those listed above can be more effectively addressed through “programmatic” remedies that can reach across multiple strongholds. Because most federal and state salmon conservation programs focus financial and technical support on specific watershed level ...
... at the watershed or reach scale, threats like those listed above can be more effectively addressed through “programmatic” remedies that can reach across multiple strongholds. Because most federal and state salmon conservation programs focus financial and technical support on specific watershed level ...
Apparent competition with an invasive plant hastens the extinction of
... Abstract. Invasive plants may compete with native plants by increasing the pressure of native consumers, a mechanism known as ‘‘apparent competition.’’ Apparent competition can be as strong as or stronger than direct competition, but the role of apparent competition has rarely been examined in biolo ...
... Abstract. Invasive plants may compete with native plants by increasing the pressure of native consumers, a mechanism known as ‘‘apparent competition.’’ Apparent competition can be as strong as or stronger than direct competition, but the role of apparent competition has rarely been examined in biolo ...
Biological and ecological traits of marine species
... in the Acknowledgements) their opinion on how to rank traits by importance and what uses they may make of an enhanced marine species trait database. Initial capture of potential traits and trait values made use of spreadsheets but as the development of a traits vocabulary is, of necessity, a communi ...
... in the Acknowledgements) their opinion on how to rank traits by importance and what uses they may make of an enhanced marine species trait database. Initial capture of potential traits and trait values made use of spreadsheets but as the development of a traits vocabulary is, of necessity, a communi ...
Seabird predation by white shark and Cape fur seal at Dyer Island
... Both the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) prey on and/or attack seabirds in South Africa. The Dyer Island region abounds in these predators, as well as seabirds, including the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Cape cormorant (Phalacrocorax ...
... Both the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) prey on and/or attack seabirds in South Africa. The Dyer Island region abounds in these predators, as well as seabirds, including the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Cape cormorant (Phalacrocorax ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.