Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin
... interpreted as body size reduction associated with initial domestication can now be attributed to differences in the culling strategies of herders as opposed to hunters. In most prey species, hunters focus on large adult animals (particularly males) to maximize return, and the bones of these larger ...
... interpreted as body size reduction associated with initial domestication can now be attributed to differences in the culling strategies of herders as opposed to hunters. In most prey species, hunters focus on large adult animals (particularly males) to maximize return, and the bones of these larger ...
The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate
... of 20-40 K non-lichenized and 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes world-wide; i.e. 40-70 K ascomycetes overall. However, Aptroot's (1997) estimate of 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes appeared high as despite large numbers of newly described species, especially from the tropics, the total summed from the Di ...
... of 20-40 K non-lichenized and 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes world-wide; i.e. 40-70 K ascomycetes overall. However, Aptroot's (1997) estimate of 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes appeared high as despite large numbers of newly described species, especially from the tropics, the total summed from the Di ...
Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits
... 1999. Harvests were conducted between 19 May and 3 June in 1998 (‘May 98’ hereafter), and between 11 May and 17 June in 1999 (‘May 99’ hereafter). Spatio-temporal variation In Camp Redon and Les Agros, we selected species previously found in Cazarils in May 1998 (Table 2): there were 28 species in C ...
... 1999. Harvests were conducted between 19 May and 3 June in 1998 (‘May 98’ hereafter), and between 11 May and 17 June in 1999 (‘May 99’ hereafter). Spatio-temporal variation In Camp Redon and Les Agros, we selected species previously found in Cazarils in May 1998 (Table 2): there were 28 species in C ...
Namibia - BirdLife Data Zone
... encrouchment, carrying capacities for livestock have declined by between 20% and 80%. Bush control and natural megaherbivoredriven reduction of thornveld can reduce the problem. The best long-term solution is to implement judicious range management, the emphasis being on maintaining realistic stocki ...
... encrouchment, carrying capacities for livestock have declined by between 20% and 80%. Bush control and natural megaherbivoredriven reduction of thornveld can reduce the problem. The best long-term solution is to implement judicious range management, the emphasis being on maintaining realistic stocki ...
Lady Beetles, Buckthorn, and Bees
... native lady beetle species and by foraging habitat. 2. Learn more about the guild of predators attacking eggs, have their populations changed in recent decades? 3. Examine additional competitive interactions between native and exotic lady beetles. ...
... native lady beetle species and by foraging habitat. 2. Learn more about the guild of predators attacking eggs, have their populations changed in recent decades? 3. Examine additional competitive interactions between native and exotic lady beetles. ...
Why do brittle stars emit light? Behavioural and evolutionary
... To determine the potential deterrent effect o f light for predators, experiments were run on the five lum inous brittle star species. Crabs C. m aenas w ere u se d as predators. For each test a brittle star and a crab w ere put in contact in an aquarium o f 601, with a stone in tile center to provid ...
... To determine the potential deterrent effect o f light for predators, experiments were run on the five lum inous brittle star species. Crabs C. m aenas w ere u se d as predators. For each test a brittle star and a crab w ere put in contact in an aquarium o f 601, with a stone in tile center to provid ...
Asian Carp Invasion Lesson Plan
... feeding on juvenile or smaller adult Asian carp. Largemouth bass have often been observed feeding on small juvenile Asian carp, and many other native predators probably also feed on them before they grow too large. However, Asian carp produce many offspring which grow quickly and, if conditions are ...
... feeding on juvenile or smaller adult Asian carp. Largemouth bass have often been observed feeding on small juvenile Asian carp, and many other native predators probably also feed on them before they grow too large. However, Asian carp produce many offspring which grow quickly and, if conditions are ...
Chapter 17 Origin of Species
... • Potential peripatric speciation triggered by partial isolation in a Bolivian natural forest island isolated 3000 years from the larger continuous forest habitat during a dry period • Divergence in song and certain alleles frequencies between the two populations (reproductive isolation) suggest tha ...
... • Potential peripatric speciation triggered by partial isolation in a Bolivian natural forest island isolated 3000 years from the larger continuous forest habitat during a dry period • Divergence in song and certain alleles frequencies between the two populations (reproductive isolation) suggest tha ...
Ecological and evolutionary responses in complex communities
... fluorescens bacteria and a bacteriavirus is disrupted by the introduction of a protist bacterial predator. When both predator and bacterovirus are present, P. fluorescens diversifies into defense specialists, reflecting tradeoffs between defenses against the two enemies (Friman and Buckling 2013; see als ...
... fluorescens bacteria and a bacteriavirus is disrupted by the introduction of a protist bacterial predator. When both predator and bacterovirus are present, P. fluorescens diversifies into defense specialists, reflecting tradeoffs between defenses against the two enemies (Friman and Buckling 2013; see als ...
Generalist and specialist predators that mediate
... (Paine 1966), involves the presence of predators who mediate coexistence by dynamically readjusting the competitive balance of the community. One of the first people to investigate the theoretical implications of predation on competing species was Slobodkin (1961). He showed that the addition of a d ...
... (Paine 1966), involves the presence of predators who mediate coexistence by dynamically readjusting the competitive balance of the community. One of the first people to investigate the theoretical implications of predation on competing species was Slobodkin (1961). He showed that the addition of a d ...
Review of science-based assessments of species vulnerability
... species is evaluated and converted to a numerical index, which is summed to produce a final vulnerability index (Table 1). The index can be applied to multiple species in areas on the scale of parks or refuges (NatureServe 2010). Exposure to climate change is evaluated primarily by assessing the mag ...
... species is evaluated and converted to a numerical index, which is summed to produce a final vulnerability index (Table 1). The index can be applied to multiple species in areas on the scale of parks or refuges (NatureServe 2010). Exposure to climate change is evaluated primarily by assessing the mag ...
Genetic considerations in shellfish restoration
... presented during the session they have been invited for. These synthesis by the plenary speakers are expected to provide some help to decision makers in terms of environmental policies. These synthesis state (when possible) on risk assessments (pathogen, pollution, exotic species introduction, overf ...
... presented during the session they have been invited for. These synthesis by the plenary speakers are expected to provide some help to decision makers in terms of environmental policies. These synthesis state (when possible) on risk assessments (pathogen, pollution, exotic species introduction, overf ...
Wendt_Lundellia05 - The University of Texas at Austin
... nudata that subsequently gave rise to P. madrensis, or secondary sympatry of the two species with limited introgression. The scantily-collected nature of this part of the Sierra Madre Oriental makes analysis of such problems difficult. The robust nature of Polygala madrensis might suggest that it is ...
... nudata that subsequently gave rise to P. madrensis, or secondary sympatry of the two species with limited introgression. The scantily-collected nature of this part of the Sierra Madre Oriental makes analysis of such problems difficult. The robust nature of Polygala madrensis might suggest that it is ...
30 years of the endangered species act
... With only one known wild population, the black-footed ferret was listed under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966. However, that law failed to provide the ferret with urgently needed ...
... With only one known wild population, the black-footed ferret was listed under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966. However, that law failed to provide the ferret with urgently needed ...
THE GREATER SAGE
... of Canada will work to ensure appropriate measures are in place to protect critical habitat, including stewardship approaches. A multispecies action plan involving Greater Sage-Grouse in Saskatchewan is currently under way, and an action plan specific to Alberta will be developed in the future. ...
... of Canada will work to ensure appropriate measures are in place to protect critical habitat, including stewardship approaches. A multispecies action plan involving Greater Sage-Grouse in Saskatchewan is currently under way, and an action plan specific to Alberta will be developed in the future. ...
A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from
... work has pointed out an important issue that needs to be considered when using that approach, but which Villéger et al. (2008) have not mentioned: what should we do if PCoA returns negative eigenvalues? Indeed, some distance matrices will not allow the distance relationships among the objects to be ...
... work has pointed out an important issue that needs to be considered when using that approach, but which Villéger et al. (2008) have not mentioned: what should we do if PCoA returns negative eigenvalues? Indeed, some distance matrices will not allow the distance relationships among the objects to be ...
The influence of interspecific interactions on species range
... range expansion (Hastings et al. 2005). This formulation can more readily account for a wide range of assumptions about the shape of dispersal kernels, which could vary with community composition. For instance, if each of several dispersal agents for a focal species has its own Gaussian dispersal k ...
... range expansion (Hastings et al. 2005). This formulation can more readily account for a wide range of assumptions about the shape of dispersal kernels, which could vary with community composition. For instance, if each of several dispersal agents for a focal species has its own Gaussian dispersal k ...
Patterns of primary succession on granite outcrop surfaces
... changes. Vegetation studies in outcrop communities have generally been descriptive or experimental. Quantitative assessments of seral changes have been lacking. The animal communities present at each stage have remained unstudied. Soil and aboveground arthropod populations were thus analyzed along w ...
... changes. Vegetation studies in outcrop communities have generally been descriptive or experimental. Quantitative assessments of seral changes have been lacking. The animal communities present at each stage have remained unstudied. Soil and aboveground arthropod populations were thus analyzed along w ...
The importance of coarse woody debris for bryophyte vegetation of
... facultatively (epiphytes, epigeic and epilithic species). For example, 11% of the Hungarian bryoflora (62 species) occur mainly on dead wood (based on Orbán and Vajda 1985), and in a small region in Romania (Ariesului mic basin) 106 species were described from this substrate (Goia and Schumacher 200 ...
... facultatively (epiphytes, epigeic and epilithic species). For example, 11% of the Hungarian bryoflora (62 species) occur mainly on dead wood (based on Orbán and Vajda 1985), and in a small region in Romania (Ariesului mic basin) 106 species were described from this substrate (Goia and Schumacher 200 ...
Murray Hardyhead Primefact - NSW Department of Primary Industries
... • Hatching occurs five to ten days after fertilisation in waters between 20 and 30ºC. • Murray Hardyhead is considered to be an annual species, although some individuals may survive into their second year. The abundance of adults declines at the end of the breeding season, with replacement by the ma ...
... • Hatching occurs five to ten days after fertilisation in waters between 20 and 30ºC. • Murray Hardyhead is considered to be an annual species, although some individuals may survive into their second year. The abundance of adults declines at the end of the breeding season, with replacement by the ma ...
Trends in the extinction of carnivores in Madagascar B. Cartagena
... 1998; Crooks, 2002; Logan et al., 2015). Moreover, they are top predators, so their extinction can seriously affect food webs and ecosystem dynamics (Crooks, 2002). The effects of anthropogenic activities in Madagascar and their impact on carnivore populations are poorly understood (Gerber et al., 2 ...
... 1998; Crooks, 2002; Logan et al., 2015). Moreover, they are top predators, so their extinction can seriously affect food webs and ecosystem dynamics (Crooks, 2002). The effects of anthropogenic activities in Madagascar and their impact on carnivore populations are poorly understood (Gerber et al., 2 ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... 1. Methods that examine the extent of the difference between two or more areas of α diversity relative to γ diversity, where γ diversity is measured as total species richness. These measures were originally and explicitly proposed as the measures of β diversity. Alpha diversity is averaged across al ...
... 1. Methods that examine the extent of the difference between two or more areas of α diversity relative to γ diversity, where γ diversity is measured as total species richness. These measures were originally and explicitly proposed as the measures of β diversity. Alpha diversity is averaged across al ...
DEFYING EXTINCTION - Global Environment Facility
... investments by the GEF and other organizations in the wider tiger landscapes, sometimes referred to as the “coarse filter approach,” have certainly resulted in many benefits, as measured by the forests conserved and the wealth of other species they harbor. But we wouldn’t be meeting our goal if, in ...
... investments by the GEF and other organizations in the wider tiger landscapes, sometimes referred to as the “coarse filter approach,” have certainly resulted in many benefits, as measured by the forests conserved and the wealth of other species they harbor. But we wouldn’t be meeting our goal if, in ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.