Species, concepts of. In Levin, S.A.
... In January 1904, E. B. Poulton read his famous presidential address—‘‘What is a species?’’—to the Entomological Society in London (see historical analysis by Mallet, 2004). Following up some ideas raised (but immediately dismissed) by Wallace (1865), Poulton proposed ‘‘syngamy’’ (i.e., interbreeding ...
... In January 1904, E. B. Poulton read his famous presidential address—‘‘What is a species?’’—to the Entomological Society in London (see historical analysis by Mallet, 2004). Following up some ideas raised (but immediately dismissed) by Wallace (1865), Poulton proposed ‘‘syngamy’’ (i.e., interbreeding ...
Does eutrophication-driven evolution change aquatic ecosystems?
... dynamics, particularly with respect to changing selection pressures and the underlying fitness landscape. The direct effect of increasing nutrients in aquatic systems is to increase growth rates of primary producers. Increasing productivity generally corresponds with a shift among groups of primary ...
... dynamics, particularly with respect to changing selection pressures and the underlying fitness landscape. The direct effect of increasing nutrients in aquatic systems is to increase growth rates of primary producers. Increasing productivity generally corresponds with a shift among groups of primary ...
Divergence of above- and belowground C and N
... each quadrat, all living biomass was harvested, separated into species and oven-dried at 70 ◦ C for ≥ 24 h to constant mass before they were weighed. For each species, cover %, height and number of individuals were also measured within each quadrat at the same time. Leaves of S. grandis in NECT and ...
... each quadrat, all living biomass was harvested, separated into species and oven-dried at 70 ◦ C for ≥ 24 h to constant mass before they were weighed. For each species, cover %, height and number of individuals were also measured within each quadrat at the same time. Leaves of S. grandis in NECT and ...
Maternal provisioning of eggs of the starlet sea anemone
... Ornamental fisheries are increasing in importance due to their profitability from the aquarium trade, and in some cases, as they also become food fisheries. This has led to overexploitation and overfishing of ornamental species in many regions of the world. Sea cucumbers in particular have been o ...
... Ornamental fisheries are increasing in importance due to their profitability from the aquarium trade, and in some cases, as they also become food fisheries. This has led to overexploitation and overfishing of ornamental species in many regions of the world. Sea cucumbers in particular have been o ...
Newly rare or newly common: evolutionary
... that despite the fact that it has been difficult to find generalizable trait differences between high- and low-density species (the vast majority of these studies involve comparisons between species, rather than genotypes), the most basic prediction of MacArthur and Wilson’s initial theory is still ...
... that despite the fact that it has been difficult to find generalizable trait differences between high- and low-density species (the vast majority of these studies involve comparisons between species, rather than genotypes), the most basic prediction of MacArthur and Wilson’s initial theory is still ...
Orconectes rusticus_Govas_2011
... Survey of non-native crayfish records in the Pacific Northwest (University of Washington): ...
... Survey of non-native crayfish records in the Pacific Northwest (University of Washington): ...
Condition index monitoring supports conservation priorities for the
... and corticosterone concentrations during moult (seasonal pattern similar to Gouldian finches), haematocrit values did not differ among populations in a predictable way. Star and black-throated finch populations, which were predicted to be vulnerable to decline, showed evidence of poor condition duri ...
... and corticosterone concentrations during moult (seasonal pattern similar to Gouldian finches), haematocrit values did not differ among populations in a predictable way. Star and black-throated finch populations, which were predicted to be vulnerable to decline, showed evidence of poor condition duri ...
File - Pedersen Science
... • Introduced species are those that humans move from native locations to new geographic regions. • Without their native predators, parasites, and pathogens, introduced species may spread rapidly. • Introduced species that gain a foothold in a new habitat usually disrupt their adopted community. • So ...
... • Introduced species are those that humans move from native locations to new geographic regions. • Without their native predators, parasites, and pathogens, introduced species may spread rapidly. • Introduced species that gain a foothold in a new habitat usually disrupt their adopted community. • So ...
... Abstract – Tributaries of the Colorado River Basin, historically home to a complex of endemic omnivores collectively referred to as the ‘three species’; flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (C. discobolus) and roundtail chub (Gila robusta), have experienced the establishment ...
IBAs in Danger - Birdlife Australia
... managers within the range of the Plainswanderer to manage habitat for the species. 7. The NSW and Australian Governments and Cessnock City Council to permanently protect the important breeding habitat of the Critically Endangered Regent Honeyeater from imminent destruction by development of the Hunt ...
... managers within the range of the Plainswanderer to manage habitat for the species. 7. The NSW and Australian Governments and Cessnock City Council to permanently protect the important breeding habitat of the Critically Endangered Regent Honeyeater from imminent destruction by development of the Hunt ...
Armadillos
... smell, which may be used in the detection of both predators and prey. Olfaction may also be employed to determine the identity (and, during the breeding season, the reproductive condition) of other armadillos. The yellow armadillo and species in the genus Chaetophractus have 3–4 gland pits located o ...
... smell, which may be used in the detection of both predators and prey. Olfaction may also be employed to determine the identity (and, during the breeding season, the reproductive condition) of other armadillos. The yellow armadillo and species in the genus Chaetophractus have 3–4 gland pits located o ...
global strategy on invasive alien species
... is required in a time of increasing human impact. This Strategy is one product of Phase I of GISP and is designed to define the invasive alien species problem, describe its dimensions, discuss its implications, identify those economic sectors that should be involved in action, suggest approaches to ...
... is required in a time of increasing human impact. This Strategy is one product of Phase I of GISP and is designed to define the invasive alien species problem, describe its dimensions, discuss its implications, identify those economic sectors that should be involved in action, suggest approaches to ...
The community of an individual: implications for the community
... Therefore, each individual potentially has a continuously changing set of individuals with which it interacts at different time periods. Organisms that substantially change size may also increase in the number of individuals with which they simultaneously interact. For a focal individual, therefore, ...
... Therefore, each individual potentially has a continuously changing set of individuals with which it interacts at different time periods. Organisms that substantially change size may also increase in the number of individuals with which they simultaneously interact. For a focal individual, therefore, ...
(Pilosa, Myrmecophagidae) REGARDING THE TERMITE DEFENSE
... tubular mouth and long sticky tongue to capture these insects inside their galleries and tunnels (MEDRI et al., 2006). Termites and ants together compose only 2% of insect species; however, they are the most abundant animals on earth (KORB, 2008) and ...
... tubular mouth and long sticky tongue to capture these insects inside their galleries and tunnels (MEDRI et al., 2006). Termites and ants together compose only 2% of insect species; however, they are the most abundant animals on earth (KORB, 2008) and ...
Ecology and conservation of small carnivores in tropical rainforests
... animal prey such as small mammals and invertebrates during seasons of fruit scarcity [11]. It suggested that in tropical forests marked by year-round fruit availability, fruits would remain dominant in the diet through the year [11]. Apart from the abundance of resources, diet choice may also depend ...
... animal prey such as small mammals and invertebrates during seasons of fruit scarcity [11]. It suggested that in tropical forests marked by year-round fruit availability, fruits would remain dominant in the diet through the year [11]. Apart from the abundance of resources, diet choice may also depend ...
Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin
... interpreted as body size reduction associated with initial domestication can now be attributed to differences in the culling strategies of herders as opposed to hunters. In most prey species, hunters focus on large adult animals (particularly males) to maximize return, and the bones of these larger ...
... interpreted as body size reduction associated with initial domestication can now be attributed to differences in the culling strategies of herders as opposed to hunters. In most prey species, hunters focus on large adult animals (particularly males) to maximize return, and the bones of these larger ...
Population structure and species dynamics of Spisula
... coarser sands started from about 7 m deep until 25.7 m deep, where very coarse sands appeared (Fig. 2A, D, G). In the winter (February 2002), coarser sands started from about 5 m deep until 20 m, where fine sands appeared and afterwards a bare rock line was detected at 25.6 m depth; from this depth ...
... coarser sands started from about 7 m deep until 25.7 m deep, where very coarse sands appeared (Fig. 2A, D, G). In the winter (February 2002), coarser sands started from about 5 m deep until 20 m, where fine sands appeared and afterwards a bare rock line was detected at 25.6 m depth; from this depth ...
The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate
... of 20-40 K non-lichenized and 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes world-wide; i.e. 40-70 K ascomycetes overall. However, Aptroot's (1997) estimate of 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes appeared high as despite large numbers of newly described species, especially from the tropics, the total summed from the Di ...
... of 20-40 K non-lichenized and 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes world-wide; i.e. 40-70 K ascomycetes overall. However, Aptroot's (1997) estimate of 20-30 K lichenized ascomycetes appeared high as despite large numbers of newly described species, especially from the tropics, the total summed from the Di ...
Scaling up keystone effects from simple to complex
... 32 species generally buffer distant influences such that variation in keystone effects is well predicted by surprisingly local Ôtop-downÕ, Ôbottom-upÕ, and ÔhorizontalÔ constraints acting within two links of the keystone subsystem. These results demonstrate that: (1) strong suppression of the compet ...
... 32 species generally buffer distant influences such that variation in keystone effects is well predicted by surprisingly local Ôtop-downÕ, Ôbottom-upÕ, and ÔhorizontalÔ constraints acting within two links of the keystone subsystem. These results demonstrate that: (1) strong suppression of the compet ...
Eleutherodactylus Frog Introductions to Hawaii
... result in the frogs serving as nutrient sinks (cf, Burton and Likens 1975) in the communities into which they insert themselves or, more likely, serving to enhance already large populations of introduced predators, such as rats and mongooses, which in turn will further increase predation pressure on ...
... result in the frogs serving as nutrient sinks (cf, Burton and Likens 1975) in the communities into which they insert themselves or, more likely, serving to enhance already large populations of introduced predators, such as rats and mongooses, which in turn will further increase predation pressure on ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.