the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content of the stimuli. Neurons responding specifically to action sounds were dubbed “aud ...
... responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content of the stimuli. Neurons responding specifically to action sounds were dubbed “aud ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... flow. Increased neuronal activity leads to higher cell metabolism, which in turn leads to an increased cerebral blood flow in the activated area. fMRI can spatially pinpoint a rise in blood flow to precisions of up to a mm (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Since it has a good spatial resolution, it ...
... flow. Increased neuronal activity leads to higher cell metabolism, which in turn leads to an increased cerebral blood flow in the activated area. fMRI can spatially pinpoint a rise in blood flow to precisions of up to a mm (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Since it has a good spatial resolution, it ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... As in other neocortical areas, the motor cortex contains pyramidal neurons with highly variable morphologies (Chen et al., 1996; Franceschetti et al., 1998). Corticospinal neurons (PTN) in layer V of cat motor cortex not only have unique morphologic features that correlate with their conduction velo ...
... As in other neocortical areas, the motor cortex contains pyramidal neurons with highly variable morphologies (Chen et al., 1996; Franceschetti et al., 1998). Corticospinal neurons (PTN) in layer V of cat motor cortex not only have unique morphologic features that correlate with their conduction velo ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... conserve heat in the body core, piloerection, non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. For example, a functional neuroanatomical model of the core pathways providing the thermoregulatory control of CVC, BAT and shivering thermogenesis ...
... conserve heat in the body core, piloerection, non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. For example, a functional neuroanatomical model of the core pathways providing the thermoregulatory control of CVC, BAT and shivering thermogenesis ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... were chosen because of their comparability with our previous studies, and because they are in a sensitive part of the dose–response curve. The monkey’s mouth was rinsed with distilled water during the intertrial interval (which lasted at least 30 s, or until neuronal activity returned to baseline le ...
... were chosen because of their comparability with our previous studies, and because they are in a sensitive part of the dose–response curve. The monkey’s mouth was rinsed with distilled water during the intertrial interval (which lasted at least 30 s, or until neuronal activity returned to baseline le ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content of the stimuli. Neurons responding specifically to action sounds were dubbed “aud ...
... responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content of the stimuli. Neurons responding specifically to action sounds were dubbed “aud ...
In LHRH neurons
... multiple unit activity (in ME) occur in close association with LHRH pulses and can be suppressed with α-adrenergic blockers phentolamine and prazosin (α1-specific). ...
... multiple unit activity (in ME) occur in close association with LHRH pulses and can be suppressed with α-adrenergic blockers phentolamine and prazosin (α1-specific). ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... notable risk factor for hearing impairment that affected neonates and can also affect the brainstem [26, 27]. The brainstem auditory pathway has been shown to be very sensitive to low blood oxygen concentrations with the consequent damage in the Organ of Corti or loss of brainstem neurons, such as c ...
... notable risk factor for hearing impairment that affected neonates and can also affect the brainstem [26, 27]. The brainstem auditory pathway has been shown to be very sensitive to low blood oxygen concentrations with the consequent damage in the Organ of Corti or loss of brainstem neurons, such as c ...
Collateral projections from the median raphe nucleus to the medial
... MS and CA1. Values represent averages over three rostral-caudal levels of MR/DR. The mean number of single-labeled cells/section in MR was 50.6 ⫾ 17.26 with MS (FR) injections and 52.6 ⫾ 14.54 with CA1 (FG) injections. The mean number of singlelabeled cells/section in DR was 13.33 ⫾ 7.86 with MS inj ...
... MS and CA1. Values represent averages over three rostral-caudal levels of MR/DR. The mean number of single-labeled cells/section in MR was 50.6 ⫾ 17.26 with MS (FR) injections and 52.6 ⫾ 14.54 with CA1 (FG) injections. The mean number of singlelabeled cells/section in DR was 13.33 ⫾ 7.86 with MS inj ...
NITROGEN METABOLISM: An Overview
... removal of excess Ammonia can deplete TCA cycle Intermediates and affects energy supply to the cerebral tissue, unless mechanisms to replenishing TCA-cycle intermediates are available; • Mechanism include Anaplerotic reactions to replace the depleted intermediates in TCA-cycle; ...
... removal of excess Ammonia can deplete TCA cycle Intermediates and affects energy supply to the cerebral tissue, unless mechanisms to replenishing TCA-cycle intermediates are available; • Mechanism include Anaplerotic reactions to replace the depleted intermediates in TCA-cycle; ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... Fig. 2. CXCR4 is phosphorylated in midbrain DA neuroblasts and neurons. CXCR4 protein was detected by immunohistofluorescence staining with a dephospho CXCR4 antibody (UMB-2) on mouse midbrain sections at rostrocaudal intermediate levels from E10.5, E11.5, E12.5, E13.5 and E14.5 (A-E, respectively). ...
... Fig. 2. CXCR4 is phosphorylated in midbrain DA neuroblasts and neurons. CXCR4 protein was detected by immunohistofluorescence staining with a dephospho CXCR4 antibody (UMB-2) on mouse midbrain sections at rostrocaudal intermediate levels from E10.5, E11.5, E12.5, E13.5 and E14.5 (A-E, respectively). ...
CITRIN DEFICIENCY
... clotting factors, hemolytic anemia and/or hypoglycemia. Equinocitosis (red blood cells with short spicules evenly distributed over the entire surface) is present in a group of children with more severe biochemical alterations. Although NICCD form is usually not severe and the symptoms are generally ...
... clotting factors, hemolytic anemia and/or hypoglycemia. Equinocitosis (red blood cells with short spicules evenly distributed over the entire surface) is present in a group of children with more severe biochemical alterations. Although NICCD form is usually not severe and the symptoms are generally ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... Afrotheria contains many neural plesiomorphies in comparison with other placental mammal species (Sherwood et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides dat ...
... Afrotheria contains many neural plesiomorphies in comparison with other placental mammal species (Sherwood et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides dat ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... Scott V. Dindot1, Barbara A. Antalffy1,2, Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee2 and Arthur L. Beaudet1, ...
... Scott V. Dindot1, Barbara A. Antalffy1,2, Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee2 and Arthur L. Beaudet1, ...
PAX: A mixed hardware/software simulation platform for
... phenomena in spiking neural networks; (ii) develop the hybrid technique, which connects silicon and biological neurons in real time. The system presented in this paper belongs to the first category, although it may be quite simply adapted for hybrid configurations. This platform was specifically des ...
... phenomena in spiking neural networks; (ii) develop the hybrid technique, which connects silicon and biological neurons in real time. The system presented in this paper belongs to the first category, although it may be quite simply adapted for hybrid configurations. This platform was specifically des ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... Decision making is a complex process by which an organism must weigh multiple possible outcomes against current and long term goals before deciding on a course of action. Possible outcomes can be grouped into the probability of obtaining something rewarding or avoiding an outcome that is negative or ...
... Decision making is a complex process by which an organism must weigh multiple possible outcomes against current and long term goals before deciding on a course of action. Possible outcomes can be grouped into the probability of obtaining something rewarding or avoiding an outcome that is negative or ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... three types of morphologically distinct neurons. Neurons projecting into the γ lobe of the adult MB are born first, prior to the mid-3rd instar larval stage. Neurons projecting into the α′ and β′ lobes are born between the mid-3rd instar larval stage and puparium formation. Finally, neurons projecti ...
... three types of morphologically distinct neurons. Neurons projecting into the γ lobe of the adult MB are born first, prior to the mid-3rd instar larval stage. Neurons projecting into the α′ and β′ lobes are born between the mid-3rd instar larval stage and puparium formation. Finally, neurons projecti ...
ASCENDING WHITE MATTER TRACTS
... At s/c, rubrospinal fibers are next to lateral cortico-spinal tract ...
... At s/c, rubrospinal fibers are next to lateral cortico-spinal tract ...
Poster
... carriers of the disorder (Families of SMA, 2014). There are four grades of the disease, and children who have grade one will often die before reaching age two. SMA is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spine, but research has been unable to find the exact reason the spinal cor ...
... carriers of the disorder (Families of SMA, 2014). There are four grades of the disease, and children who have grade one will often die before reaching age two. SMA is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spine, but research has been unable to find the exact reason the spinal cor ...
Rhythmicity, randomness and synchrony in climbing fiber signals
... The role of the climbing fiber input to the cerebellum has been enigmatic, with recent studies focusing on its temporal and spatial firing patterns. Debate remains as to whether climbing fibers provide a periodic clock for coordinating movements or lead to long-term modification of Purkinje cell act ...
... The role of the climbing fiber input to the cerebellum has been enigmatic, with recent studies focusing on its temporal and spatial firing patterns. Debate remains as to whether climbing fibers provide a periodic clock for coordinating movements or lead to long-term modification of Purkinje cell act ...
PDF version - UTRGV Faculty Web
... Figure 1. Innervation of muscles in reptantian decapod crustaceans (reductor excitatory innervation: (Wiens 1993); excitatory innervation of remaining distal muscles: (Wiersma & Ripley 1952); inhibitory innervation: (Wiens 1989); accessory bender: (Vidal-Gadea & Belanger 2009); excitatory innervatio ...
... Figure 1. Innervation of muscles in reptantian decapod crustaceans (reductor excitatory innervation: (Wiens 1993); excitatory innervation of remaining distal muscles: (Wiersma & Ripley 1952); inhibitory innervation: (Wiens 1989); accessory bender: (Vidal-Gadea & Belanger 2009); excitatory innervatio ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... behavior after a visual stimulus, and sniffing and consummatory behavior after olfactory stimulation. All stimuli produced an ACh increase of the same size in the hippocampus, whereas in the cortex, the tactile stimulation produced a larger increase than the other stimuli. It appears therefore that ...
... behavior after a visual stimulus, and sniffing and consummatory behavior after olfactory stimulation. All stimuli produced an ACh increase of the same size in the hippocampus, whereas in the cortex, the tactile stimulation produced a larger increase than the other stimuli. It appears therefore that ...
Distribution of Androgen and Estrogen Receptor mRNA in the Brain
... affected by an interaction between gonadal sex and incubation temperature (Rhen and Crews, 1999, 2000). Females from the female-biased (i.e., 30°C) or male-biased (i.e., 32.5°C) incubation temperatures do not mount other females or scent mark even when they are treated with androgens that activate t ...
... affected by an interaction between gonadal sex and incubation temperature (Rhen and Crews, 1999, 2000). Females from the female-biased (i.e., 30°C) or male-biased (i.e., 32.5°C) incubation temperatures do not mount other females or scent mark even when they are treated with androgens that activate t ...
Diencephalon: Thalamus
... • Light: daylength and photoperiod for regulating circadian and seasonal rhythms (Biological clock: Suprachiasmatic nucleus) • Olfactory stimuli, including pheromones (Mammilary, Habenular nuclei ) • Steroids, including gonadal steroids and corticosteroids • Neurally transmitted information arising ...
... • Light: daylength and photoperiod for regulating circadian and seasonal rhythms (Biological clock: Suprachiasmatic nucleus) • Olfactory stimuli, including pheromones (Mammilary, Habenular nuclei ) • Steroids, including gonadal steroids and corticosteroids • Neurally transmitted information arising ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... both types of receptor neurons mainly respond to small water-soluble molecules such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory l ...
... both types of receptor neurons mainly respond to small water-soluble molecules such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory l ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.