Ectopic expression of either the Drosophila
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... of the reinforcing agent (e.g., cocaine). Considering that anticipatory responses were not altered by dopamine receptor antagonists, this initiation mechanism may not be mediated by dopamine transmission but rather may derive from signals carried by other afferents to the NAS. (2) The NAS may play a ...
... of the reinforcing agent (e.g., cocaine). Considering that anticipatory responses were not altered by dopamine receptor antagonists, this initiation mechanism may not be mediated by dopamine transmission but rather may derive from signals carried by other afferents to the NAS. (2) The NAS may play a ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... Brunel and Wang, 2001), though not very robustly. However, these models do not account for the high irregularity shown in the experiments. While high irregularity can be obtained robustly in the baseline period, provided inhibition is sufficiently strong, because neurons receive synaptic inputs that ...
... Brunel and Wang, 2001), though not very robustly. However, these models do not account for the high irregularity shown in the experiments. While high irregularity can be obtained robustly in the baseline period, provided inhibition is sufficiently strong, because neurons receive synaptic inputs that ...
Table of Contents
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
mbe.oxfordjournals.org - Oxford Academic
... Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Hamburg University, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany Proteomic analyses of the nucleolus have revealed almost 700 functionally diverse proteins implicated in ribosome biogenesis, nucleolar assembly, and regulation of vital cellular proces ...
... Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Hamburg University, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany Proteomic analyses of the nucleolus have revealed almost 700 functionally diverse proteins implicated in ribosome biogenesis, nucleolar assembly, and regulation of vital cellular proces ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... hence has a positive value, and the other that predicts punishment and has a negative value. The delivery of reward or punishment resets the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The ...
... hence has a positive value, and the other that predicts punishment and has a negative value. The delivery of reward or punishment resets the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... Control of the timing of the inspiratory/expiratory (IE) phase transition is a hallmark of respiratory pattern formation. In principle, sensory feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors (Breuer– Hering reflex, BHR) is seen as the major controller for the IE phase transition, while pontine-based cont ...
... Control of the timing of the inspiratory/expiratory (IE) phase transition is a hallmark of respiratory pattern formation. In principle, sensory feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors (Breuer– Hering reflex, BHR) is seen as the major controller for the IE phase transition, while pontine-based cont ...
Neurogenesis from Neural Stem Cells, Ependymal Cells and
... stroke-induced neurogenesis. Transplantation of neurons generated from different sources such as fetal brain, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are associated with ethical issues and carry the risk of immune rejection and tumorigenicity. Direct conversion of patient’s own skin ...
... stroke-induced neurogenesis. Transplantation of neurons generated from different sources such as fetal brain, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are associated with ethical issues and carry the risk of immune rejection and tumorigenicity. Direct conversion of patient’s own skin ...
absorption promoter: an overview
... skin is stratum corneum and it is main barrier for penetration of drug through skin and causes reduction in bioavailability of drug. Most of the drugs don’t have ability to cross the stratum corneum for that purpose skin penetration enhancers are developed to improve bioavailability of drug and incr ...
... skin is stratum corneum and it is main barrier for penetration of drug through skin and causes reduction in bioavailability of drug. Most of the drugs don’t have ability to cross the stratum corneum for that purpose skin penetration enhancers are developed to improve bioavailability of drug and incr ...
Copy of the full paper
... Networks (SNN), and take into account the timing of input signals by precisely computing the neurons’ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to r ...
... Networks (SNN), and take into account the timing of input signals by precisely computing the neurons’ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to r ...
Golgi: a life in science - Oxford Academic
... spinal cord had greatly increased. The nerve cell, or neuron, had been identified as the fundamental unit of the nervous system. The new discoveries had helped to understand the normal functions of the brain and spinal cord and to interpret the causes of neurological disease. The work of two men had ...
... spinal cord had greatly increased. The nerve cell, or neuron, had been identified as the fundamental unit of the nervous system. The new discoveries had helped to understand the normal functions of the brain and spinal cord and to interpret the causes of neurological disease. The work of two men had ...
Central Role of Glutamate Metabolism in the Maintenance of
... Abstract: Glutamate is present in the brain at an average concentration—typically 10–12 mM—far in excess of those of other amino acids. In glutamate-containing vesicles in the brain, the concentration of glutamate may even exceed 100 mM. Yet because glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, ...
... Abstract: Glutamate is present in the brain at an average concentration—typically 10–12 mM—far in excess of those of other amino acids. In glutamate-containing vesicles in the brain, the concentration of glutamate may even exceed 100 mM. Yet because glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, ...
PLoS ONE-3
... of irradiated rats was significantly (t = 2.34, df = 38.1, p = 0.025) lower than that of control rats. Furthermore, locomotor activity after administration of methamphetamine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) to irradiated rats was significantly (t = 22.26, df = 32, p = 0.031) higher than that of control (sham-irra ...
... of irradiated rats was significantly (t = 2.34, df = 38.1, p = 0.025) lower than that of control rats. Furthermore, locomotor activity after administration of methamphetamine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) to irradiated rats was significantly (t = 22.26, df = 32, p = 0.031) higher than that of control (sham-irra ...
Lecture Chapter 2
... Neurons: Basic Cells of the Nervous System Synapses must be cleared, and cleared rapidly, before additional ...
... Neurons: Basic Cells of the Nervous System Synapses must be cleared, and cleared rapidly, before additional ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... downstream circuitry in the brain and thus their contribution to visual processing has remained unclear. In mice, several different types of DSGCs connect to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)4–6, the visual thalamic structure that harbours cortical relay neurons. Whether direction-selecti ...
... downstream circuitry in the brain and thus their contribution to visual processing has remained unclear. In mice, several different types of DSGCs connect to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)4–6, the visual thalamic structure that harbours cortical relay neurons. Whether direction-selecti ...
CS790 – Introduction to Bioinformatics
... (erythrocytes) responsible for binding oxygen. The mutation E6V in the chain places a hydrophobic Val on the surface of hemoglobin The resulting “sticky patch” causes hemoglobin S to agglutinate (stick together) and form fibers which deform the red blood cell and do not carry oxygen efficient ...
... (erythrocytes) responsible for binding oxygen. The mutation E6V in the chain places a hydrophobic Val on the surface of hemoglobin The resulting “sticky patch” causes hemoglobin S to agglutinate (stick together) and form fibers which deform the red blood cell and do not carry oxygen efficient ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... Yale E. Cohen* and Richard A. Andersen‡ Orchestrating a movement towards a sensory target requires many computational processes, including a transformation between reference frames. This transformation is important because the reference frames in which sensory stimuli are encoded often differ from t ...
... Yale E. Cohen* and Richard A. Andersen‡ Orchestrating a movement towards a sensory target requires many computational processes, including a transformation between reference frames. This transformation is important because the reference frames in which sensory stimuli are encoded often differ from t ...
The Number of Cortical Neurons Used to See
... exhibitory region surrounded by a rectangular inhibitory region. Thus simple cells have distinct exhibitory and inhibitory regions, and respond to temporal modulation of grating patterns, at the same frequency (Tao et. al., 2003). Thus they have a greater sensitivity to location, orientation and sp ...
... exhibitory region surrounded by a rectangular inhibitory region. Thus simple cells have distinct exhibitory and inhibitory regions, and respond to temporal modulation of grating patterns, at the same frequency (Tao et. al., 2003). Thus they have a greater sensitivity to location, orientation and sp ...
CS790 – Introduction to Bioinformatics
... Hemoglobin A is the protein in red blood cells (erythrocytes) responsible for binding oxygen. The mutation E6V in the chain places a hydrophobic Val on the surface of hemoglobin The resulting “sticky patch” causes hemoglobin S to agglutinate (stick together) and form fibers which deform the ...
... Hemoglobin A is the protein in red blood cells (erythrocytes) responsible for binding oxygen. The mutation E6V in the chain places a hydrophobic Val on the surface of hemoglobin The resulting “sticky patch” causes hemoglobin S to agglutinate (stick together) and form fibers which deform the ...
L3-ANS LECTURE Sulta..
... Acetylcholine activates mainly two types of receptors. They are called muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarine activates only muscarinic receptors whereas nicotine activates only nicotinic receptors; acetylcholine activates both of them. Muscarinic receptors are found on all effector cells tha ...
... Acetylcholine activates mainly two types of receptors. They are called muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarine activates only muscarinic receptors whereas nicotine activates only nicotinic receptors; acetylcholine activates both of them. Muscarinic receptors are found on all effector cells tha ...
Optical recording of electrical activity in intact neuronal networks
... current techniques for several reasons. Generally, the more precise the method of neuronal recording is (e.g. patch-clamp), the more limited the number of simultaneously recorded neurons becomes. Conversely, global recordings (e.g. field recordings) collect activity from many neurons but lose inform ...
... current techniques for several reasons. Generally, the more precise the method of neuronal recording is (e.g. patch-clamp), the more limited the number of simultaneously recorded neurons becomes. Conversely, global recordings (e.g. field recordings) collect activity from many neurons but lose inform ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... 12). That region was significantly less active when objects were encoded and recognized within the same modality (visual, tactile). L, left; R, right; A, anterior; P, posterior; pocs, postcentral sulcus; other abbreviations as in Fig. 1. (Adapted from Grefkes et al. 2002, with permission.) ...
... 12). That region was significantly less active when objects were encoded and recognized within the same modality (visual, tactile). L, left; R, right; A, anterior; P, posterior; pocs, postcentral sulcus; other abbreviations as in Fig. 1. (Adapted from Grefkes et al. 2002, with permission.) ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... Current technology available for clinical populations ranges from simple devices that stabilize a shaking hand (Popović Maneski et al., 2011; Grimaldi et al., 2013), to devices that augment the ability of a patient with locked-in syndrome to communicate with others (Holz et al., 2015). While these ...
... Current technology available for clinical populations ranges from simple devices that stabilize a shaking hand (Popović Maneski et al., 2011; Grimaldi et al., 2013), to devices that augment the ability of a patient with locked-in syndrome to communicate with others (Holz et al., 2015). While these ...
Friedreich`s ataxia: Pathology, pathogenesis, and
... From among the 30 FRDA patients shown in Table 2, three (FRDA 13, FRDA 19, and FRDA 27) had received continuous intrathecal baclofen injections for the control of leg spasticity. Nearly all patients become paraplegic and require wheelchairs. Harding [16] estimated that over half of her patients were ...
... From among the 30 FRDA patients shown in Table 2, three (FRDA 13, FRDA 19, and FRDA 27) had received continuous intrathecal baclofen injections for the control of leg spasticity. Nearly all patients become paraplegic and require wheelchairs. Harding [16] estimated that over half of her patients were ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.