Glia cells, lipid metabolism and Alzheimer`s disease
... cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis and is present in amyloid-β peptide plaques in the cerebral cortex that characterizes AD. Subjects with the ApoE4 allele also show greater plaque formation irrespective of having dementia or not. Cholesterol levels can influence amyloid-β peptide synthesis, but ...
... cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis and is present in amyloid-β peptide plaques in the cerebral cortex that characterizes AD. Subjects with the ApoE4 allele also show greater plaque formation irrespective of having dementia or not. Cholesterol levels can influence amyloid-β peptide synthesis, but ...
Electrolytic lesion of globus pallidus ameliorates the behavioral and
... 0006-8993r98r$19.00 q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII S 0 0 0 6 - 8 9 9 3 Ž 9 7 . 0 1 4 2 8 - 5 ...
... 0006-8993r98r$19.00 q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII S 0 0 0 6 - 8 9 9 3 Ž 9 7 . 0 1 4 2 8 - 5 ...
MS-SCI-LS-Unit 4 -- Chapter 15- Nervous System
... body that contains the nucleus, threadlike extensions called dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites carry impulses toward the neuron's cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Find the dendrites and axon in Figure 2. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, next move toward the cell b ...
... body that contains the nucleus, threadlike extensions called dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites carry impulses toward the neuron's cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Find the dendrites and axon in Figure 2. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, next move toward the cell b ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... compare the strategy evolved by the olfactory system with that of other chemosensory systems. This section includes a note on potential shortcomings of a widely cited theoretical method to estimate neural information and compute the optimal sparseness of neural representations. I then describe the s ...
... compare the strategy evolved by the olfactory system with that of other chemosensory systems. This section includes a note on potential shortcomings of a widely cited theoretical method to estimate neural information and compute the optimal sparseness of neural representations. I then describe the s ...
Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus
... Twin studies have demonstrated that brain structure is under significant genetic influence,7 with cortical thickness showing high heritability in children1,8 and adults.9,10 Differences in heritability are nonetheless notable. First, comparison of estimates of genetic effects in the left and right hem ...
... Twin studies have demonstrated that brain structure is under significant genetic influence,7 with cortical thickness showing high heritability in children1,8 and adults.9,10 Differences in heritability are nonetheless notable. First, comparison of estimates of genetic effects in the left and right hem ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
Lecture 2: The Spinal Cord
... The reticular formation is recognized as the extensive area outside the more conspicuous fiber bundles and nuclei of the brain stem, in which the grey were intermingled with whiter matter. Its major function may sum up as follows: ...
... The reticular formation is recognized as the extensive area outside the more conspicuous fiber bundles and nuclei of the brain stem, in which the grey were intermingled with whiter matter. Its major function may sum up as follows: ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... distinguish between feedforward and feedback connections in the visual cortex, and thus arrive at a hierarchical organization of areas [7]. V1 is at the bottom of such a hierarchy, receiving its main feedforward input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). From V1, several partially segregated p ...
... distinguish between feedforward and feedback connections in the visual cortex, and thus arrive at a hierarchical organization of areas [7]. V1 is at the bottom of such a hierarchy, receiving its main feedforward input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). From V1, several partially segregated p ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... same category (Fig. 2). The trial began when the monkey grasped a metal bar and fixated a small (0.3°) white spot at the center of a CRT screen. They were required to maintain gaze within a ⫾2° square window around the fixation spot for the entire trial. After the initial 500 ms of fixation, a sampl ...
... same category (Fig. 2). The trial began when the monkey grasped a metal bar and fixated a small (0.3°) white spot at the center of a CRT screen. They were required to maintain gaze within a ⫾2° square window around the fixation spot for the entire trial. After the initial 500 ms of fixation, a sampl ...
Full Text - Anesth Pain Med
... when a clinical study in which implantation of stimulating electrodes in the PAG of 175 intractable pain patients resulted in short-lasting (12 patients) or long-lasting (3 patients) post-operative migraine-like headache (59). However, it should be noted that electrical stimulation of the PAG did no ...
... when a clinical study in which implantation of stimulating electrodes in the PAG of 175 intractable pain patients resulted in short-lasting (12 patients) or long-lasting (3 patients) post-operative migraine-like headache (59). However, it should be noted that electrical stimulation of the PAG did no ...
Cerebellum
... Because both the ascending fibers from the cerebellum to the motor cortex and the descending fibers from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord are crossed, the deficits produced by the lesions of the intermediate zone affects limbs on the same side of the lesion. The spinocerebellum controls the ex ...
... Because both the ascending fibers from the cerebellum to the motor cortex and the descending fibers from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord are crossed, the deficits produced by the lesions of the intermediate zone affects limbs on the same side of the lesion. The spinocerebellum controls the ex ...
Executive Functions: Eye Movements and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
... compensatory eye movements during self-motion (locomotion) or head movement, images of the visual world would blur and slip across the retina with each movement. Two classes of eye movements, vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes, evolved to stabilize images on the retina during such head and bo ...
... compensatory eye movements during self-motion (locomotion) or head movement, images of the visual world would blur and slip across the retina with each movement. Two classes of eye movements, vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes, evolved to stabilize images on the retina during such head and bo ...
Introduction - MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
... GLYCOLYTIC FLUX PER2::LUC Bioluminescence ...
... GLYCOLYTIC FLUX PER2::LUC Bioluminescence ...
PDF
... Ryugo and Weinberger 1978). Perhaps the initiation of the nonlemniscal pathway begins at the earliest level of the ascending auditory pathway in the GCD of the cochlear nucleus. ...
... Ryugo and Weinberger 1978). Perhaps the initiation of the nonlemniscal pathway begins at the earliest level of the ascending auditory pathway in the GCD of the cochlear nucleus. ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... effect on AHN, and aged rodents display impaired learning and memory abilities (reviewed in [55]). Stress is also a major negative regulator of AHN, inducing depressive behaviour (reviewed in [79]). Sleep has recently appeared as another important regulator of AHN. Whilst disruption of sleep for a p ...
... effect on AHN, and aged rodents display impaired learning and memory abilities (reviewed in [55]). Stress is also a major negative regulator of AHN, inducing depressive behaviour (reviewed in [79]). Sleep has recently appeared as another important regulator of AHN. Whilst disruption of sleep for a p ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... Spike potentials were monitored on a variable persistence storage oscilloscope. Units were discriminated on-line by their spike shape using a custom-built, two-channel, time ⫹ amplitude window discriminator. The discriminator output pulse was used to trigger the stimulator for antidromic activation ...
... Spike potentials were monitored on a variable persistence storage oscilloscope. Units were discriminated on-line by their spike shape using a custom-built, two-channel, time ⫹ amplitude window discriminator. The discriminator output pulse was used to trigger the stimulator for antidromic activation ...
The Role of Spasticity in Functional Neurorehabilitation
... There are five major descending motor pathways in the motor system of the human biped and the quadruped animal, the corticospinal tract (CST), the rubrospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract (RST), the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and the tectospinal tract [15]. The CST is the only tract that origina ...
... There are five major descending motor pathways in the motor system of the human biped and the quadruped animal, the corticospinal tract (CST), the rubrospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract (RST), the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and the tectospinal tract [15]. The CST is the only tract that origina ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
The human medial geniculate body
... might occur in both. The present study describes several nuclei and types of neurons which could be homologous on the bases of structure and position, and a pattern of neuropil organization whose ...
... might occur in both. The present study describes several nuclei and types of neurons which could be homologous on the bases of structure and position, and a pattern of neuropil organization whose ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neuroscientific Probe of
... can be activated through transsynaptic action from stimulation of superficial cortical structures. A strength of TMS is that it can help establish causality, whereas other functional imaging and physiology methods only provide correlational data. However, it is important to note that the absence of ...
... can be activated through transsynaptic action from stimulation of superficial cortical structures. A strength of TMS is that it can help establish causality, whereas other functional imaging and physiology methods only provide correlational data. However, it is important to note that the absence of ...
Appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct
... water except when otherwise noted. The colony room was maintained at 21 °C on a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on 06:00) and all behavioral testing was conducted during the light phase of the cycle. Rats were given 1 week to acclimate to the colony room during which time they were handled and weighed ...
... water except when otherwise noted. The colony room was maintained at 21 °C on a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on 06:00) and all behavioral testing was conducted during the light phase of the cycle. Rats were given 1 week to acclimate to the colony room during which time they were handled and weighed ...
The epistemic value of brain-machine systems for the study of the
... In what follows I assume that mechanistic models describe the regular behaviour of system components by means of generalizations (Glennan, 2005; Woodward, 2002). The term “model” is used to emphasize the fact that mechanism descriptions may be more or less abstract in the sense clarified by Suppe (1 ...
... In what follows I assume that mechanistic models describe the regular behaviour of system components by means of generalizations (Glennan, 2005; Woodward, 2002). The term “model” is used to emphasize the fact that mechanism descriptions may be more or less abstract in the sense clarified by Suppe (1 ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... number. One is “congruent" cells, whose preferred heading directions are similar in response to visual and vestibular cues; and the other is “opposite" cells, whose preferred heading directions are nearly “opposite" (with an offset of 180◦ ) in response to visual vs. vestibular cues. Congruent neuro ...
... number. One is “congruent" cells, whose preferred heading directions are similar in response to visual and vestibular cues; and the other is “opposite" cells, whose preferred heading directions are nearly “opposite" (with an offset of 180◦ ) in response to visual vs. vestibular cues. Congruent neuro ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... fear in their minds deeply might fall into fear-related disorders in future. Fear is a conserved emotion in response to danger and triggers some defensive mechanisms for adapting to threatening events for survival. Moreover, fear can lead to a number of anxiety disorders when aberrantly expressed. D ...
... fear in their minds deeply might fall into fear-related disorders in future. Fear is a conserved emotion in response to danger and triggers some defensive mechanisms for adapting to threatening events for survival. Moreover, fear can lead to a number of anxiety disorders when aberrantly expressed. D ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.