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Key Transmitters - Sinauer Associates
... activates two types of postsynaptic ionotropic receptors: fast-opening α-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and slower-opening N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptors (see Figure 11.12) The AMPA receptors are responsible for normal fast transmission. They are made up of ...
... activates two types of postsynaptic ionotropic receptors: fast-opening α-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and slower-opening N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptors (see Figure 11.12) The AMPA receptors are responsible for normal fast transmission. They are made up of ...
Psychology Lecture 02 - Biological Basis
... Pain Sensation Nocioceptors: Pain sensory neurons found in every bodily tissue except the brain. Analgesia: The relief of pain. ...
... Pain Sensation Nocioceptors: Pain sensory neurons found in every bodily tissue except the brain. Analgesia: The relief of pain. ...
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
... Treatment Serotonin's involvement in impulse control via orbitofrontal cortex and basil ganglia (both receive SE input) • SSRIs are most effective • Serotonin antagonists worsen symptoms ...
... Treatment Serotonin's involvement in impulse control via orbitofrontal cortex and basil ganglia (both receive SE input) • SSRIs are most effective • Serotonin antagonists worsen symptoms ...
the autonomic nervous system
... CELLS OF SYMPATHETICALLY INNERVATED ORGANS • ALPHA-2: PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS OF CHOLINERGIC ...
... CELLS OF SYMPATHETICALLY INNERVATED ORGANS • ALPHA-2: PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS OF CHOLINERGIC ...
too low levels
... Unfortunately, drugs used to increase acetylcholine to help restore normal levels appear to have small effects on improving memory ...
... Unfortunately, drugs used to increase acetylcholine to help restore normal levels appear to have small effects on improving memory ...
Neurons, Synapses and Long-term Potentiation
... Changes at the Cellular Level Bring About Synaptic Plasticity • Synaptic plasticity: alterations of synaptic connections between neurons, which subserves learning and memory • Neuron to neuron communications are made possible by synapses • At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released in response ...
... Changes at the Cellular Level Bring About Synaptic Plasticity • Synaptic plasticity: alterations of synaptic connections between neurons, which subserves learning and memory • Neuron to neuron communications are made possible by synapses • At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released in response ...
chapter29_Sections 6
... can interfere with fine motor control • Nicotine blocks brain receptors for ACh • Caffeine blocks receptors for adenosine • Cocaine prevents reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine from synaptic clefts • Amphetamines increase secretion of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the br ...
... can interfere with fine motor control • Nicotine blocks brain receptors for ACh • Caffeine blocks receptors for adenosine • Cocaine prevents reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine from synaptic clefts • Amphetamines increase secretion of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the br ...
Central Sensitization
... synaptic cleft by the second order neurons exciting first order neurons which then release more glutamate and aspartate (excitatory neurotransmitters) The CNS plasticity in neuronal and synaptic function, rather than being simply a passive relay, mean previously innocuous stimulus can now be now per ...
... synaptic cleft by the second order neurons exciting first order neurons which then release more glutamate and aspartate (excitatory neurotransmitters) The CNS plasticity in neuronal and synaptic function, rather than being simply a passive relay, mean previously innocuous stimulus can now be now per ...
邵吉民_Signal_and_dis
... • Receptors down-regulation/desensitization: decreased quantity, binding affinity, inhibitory Ab, cofactor disorders, function loss, etc. • Defects in Adaptors, Signal transducers, TFs, other Effectors, etc. Up-regulation / over-activation of signaling ...
... • Receptors down-regulation/desensitization: decreased quantity, binding affinity, inhibitory Ab, cofactor disorders, function loss, etc. • Defects in Adaptors, Signal transducers, TFs, other Effectors, etc. Up-regulation / over-activation of signaling ...
drugs and neuronal plasticity summary
... Abused drugs can also modulate long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in neuronal circuits associated with the addiction process, suggesting a way for the behavioral consequences of drug-taking to become reinforced by learning mechanisms. Addicted features of drugs suggest that ...
... Abused drugs can also modulate long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in neuronal circuits associated with the addiction process, suggesting a way for the behavioral consequences of drug-taking to become reinforced by learning mechanisms. Addicted features of drugs suggest that ...
“Definitions” section of your binder Central nervous system
... *transmit information from the organs to the CNS and vice versa -All nerves are protected ->brain by the skull and sheathing ->spinal cord by vertebrae -> PNS by sheathing ...
... *transmit information from the organs to the CNS and vice versa -All nerves are protected ->brain by the skull and sheathing ->spinal cord by vertebrae -> PNS by sheathing ...
Biological Psychology Modules 3 & 4
... – Unfortunately, drugs used to increase acetylcholine to help restore normal levels appear to have small effects on improving memory ...
... – Unfortunately, drugs used to increase acetylcholine to help restore normal levels appear to have small effects on improving memory ...
Parkinson`s Disease
... History of Treatment of PD • Carlsson then showed that giving animals the drug reserpine caused a decrease in dopamine levels and a loss of movement control. These effects were similar to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. • By administering to these animals L-Dopa, a precursor to dopamine, he co ...
... History of Treatment of PD • Carlsson then showed that giving animals the drug reserpine caused a decrease in dopamine levels and a loss of movement control. These effects were similar to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. • By administering to these animals L-Dopa, a precursor to dopamine, he co ...
Neuron
... activated by anticipated or received awards (i.e., monetary, chocolate). Mouse Party • “Mind on Drugs! • A team at the National Institutes of Mental Health in 2005 saw that the nucleus accumbens responded more in adolescents than in adults when they received a reward (Monastersky, 2007, para ...
... activated by anticipated or received awards (i.e., monetary, chocolate). Mouse Party • “Mind on Drugs! • A team at the National Institutes of Mental Health in 2005 saw that the nucleus accumbens responded more in adolescents than in adults when they received a reward (Monastersky, 2007, para ...
Neurons and Neurotransmission - Milton
... “One-third of humanity has perished from the plague. 2.3 billion people have died, and countless more are quickly moving towards the final stages of the disease. There is reason to believe that in a short time, nearly everyone on Earth will be infected. The virus continues to spread exponentially, a ...
... “One-third of humanity has perished from the plague. 2.3 billion people have died, and countless more are quickly moving towards the final stages of the disease. There is reason to believe that in a short time, nearly everyone on Earth will be infected. The virus continues to spread exponentially, a ...
Module 22
... • Stimulant found in coffee, chocolate, tea, and some soft drinks • Provides user with a sense of increased energy, mental alertness, and forced ...
... • Stimulant found in coffee, chocolate, tea, and some soft drinks • Provides user with a sense of increased energy, mental alertness, and forced ...
Unit 2, the Brain
... from the sending neuron travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential. ...
... from the sending neuron travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential. ...
TECHNIQUES2001
... • Computer combines a series of contrast XRays taken from circling around head to create a CT scan of one 2-D horizontal section of the brain. • 1 regular X-RAY would not work. ...
... • Computer combines a series of contrast XRays taken from circling around head to create a CT scan of one 2-D horizontal section of the brain. • 1 regular X-RAY would not work. ...
Option A Cerebral Cortex and Senses
... • Broca’s area- speech and language – Broca’s aphasia- occurs when area is damaged, difficulty in language production ...
... • Broca’s area- speech and language – Broca’s aphasia- occurs when area is damaged, difficulty in language production ...
Addiction as a Disease
... American Psychiatric Assoc. uses the term disease to describe alcoholism in 1965. American Medical Assoc. follows in 1966. ...
... American Psychiatric Assoc. uses the term disease to describe alcoholism in 1965. American Medical Assoc. follows in 1966. ...
The Teenage Brain - Welcome to Senior Biology
... with ADHD were twice as likely to have abused alcohol within the past 6 months. They also found that teens with ADHD were likely to abuse drugs and three times more likely to abuse drugs other than marijuana.” WebMD.com • ADHD teenagers are 400% more likely to have an automobile accident ...
... with ADHD were twice as likely to have abused alcohol within the past 6 months. They also found that teens with ADHD were likely to abuse drugs and three times more likely to abuse drugs other than marijuana.” WebMD.com • ADHD teenagers are 400% more likely to have an automobile accident ...
Excitatory amino acid receptors
... •Group I = mGluR 1&5 linked to PLC •Group II = mGluR 2&3 linked to adenylate cyclase •Group III = mGluR 4&6-8 linked to adenylate cyclase ...
... •Group I = mGluR 1&5 linked to PLC •Group II = mGluR 2&3 linked to adenylate cyclase •Group III = mGluR 4&6-8 linked to adenylate cyclase ...
Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Behavior
... BUT cause a depletion over time Acetylcholine triggers muscle contraction important role in arousal and attention Loss = linked to Alzheimer’s Disease ...
... BUT cause a depletion over time Acetylcholine triggers muscle contraction important role in arousal and attention Loss = linked to Alzheimer’s Disease ...
Clinical neurochemistry
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neuron_with_mHtt_inclusion.jpg?width=300)
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.