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HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and
HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and

... Based on their mode of action, two families of E3 ligases are distinguished, i.e. the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) and the Homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT) type. Whereas RING type enzymes bring the ubiquitin-E2 complex into the molecular vicinity of the substrate and facilitate ubiquitin ...
Genetics of Lipid Disorders
Genetics of Lipid Disorders

... domains. Mutated alternates in this gene have been linked both with hypercholesterolemia and hypocholesterolemia. “Gain-of-function” is description for mutations that are responsible for hypercholesterolemia because they appear to increase the activity of the PCSK9 protein or to give the protein a n ...
C. elegans Neurology Supplement - Bio-Rad
C. elegans Neurology Supplement - Bio-Rad

... neurons do not transmit signals across large distances, since C. elegans grow to be only about 1 mm long, and thus do not have a need for myelin. The neuronal system is the most complex organ system in the C. elegans, making up just under one third (302 of 959) of the cells of an adult hermaphrodite ...
The Inherited Metabolic Disorders News
The Inherited Metabolic Disorders News

... About one in 200, 000 males is born with a genetic disorder called Menkes disease. In 1962 John Menkes, MD, and his colleagues at Columbia University in New York published a scientific article about 5 male infants with a distinctive genetic syndrome. This syndrome, now known as Menkes kinky hair dis ...
Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA)
Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA)

... The symptoms of the condition vary with the specific type (there are several), and with the individual patient. Generally, a person with ataxia retains full mental capacity but may progressively lose physical control. Treatment and prognosis There is no known cure for spinocerebellar ataxia, which i ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Catecholamine synthesis and release are two separate but related processes that influence the level of catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that is highly homologous to peptide YY (PYY). NPY exerts its various biological effects through at least six cl ...
the brain as a system of aggregation of social, behavioral and
the brain as a system of aggregation of social, behavioral and

... Domains of cortex connected with speech (Vernicke area, Broca's area, etc.) are increasing during maturation in nine times. Motor-speech, speech-hearing, speechvisual associative areas are developing. Brain's areas, which later participate in a semantic analysis of the words (local centers from pref ...
[pdf]
[pdf]

... ‘attention’. A variety of attention-related modulatory effects on neural processing across the visual system have been demonstrated, such as increases in baseline activity [1], increases in response gain of neurons that selectively respond to an attended feature or location [2,3], as well as shifts ...
The Brain
The Brain

... define us as human and distinguish us from other creatures. ...
Harris KD. Neural signatures of cell assembly organization. Nat Rev
Harris KD. Neural signatures of cell assembly organization. Nat Rev

... stays there. A phase sequence, on the other hand, is proposed to consist of a series of semi-stable states, where each assembly is active only transiently before the next takes over. The occurrence of phase sequences would therefore have to rely on features of neural systems not captured in this sim ...
Notes
Notes

... 1. Cell Body: This contains the nucleus and other metabolic structures required to keep the cell alive. 2. Dendrites: This branch out from the cell body to receive electrical signals from other neurons. 3. Axon or Nerve Fibre: A tube filled with fluids that conducts the electrical signal. Many such ...
Nervous system functions
Nervous system functions

... • Process incoming information to ensure appropriate motor response • More than 99% of the incoming information is classified as irrelevant and unimportant Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
The Art and Science of Research Grant Writing
The Art and Science of Research Grant Writing

... Prolactin (PRL) is one of the most versatile hormones of mammalian organisms. Besides its role in lactation, secretion of PRL contributes to a wide range of physiological functions, i.e. adaptation to new environment (22), immune functions (23) osmoregulation (24,25), reproduction (26) and behavior ...
LECTURE NOTES
LECTURE NOTES

... deterioration usually does not occur, but depression is a common response to the disease process. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years after diagnosis as there is no effective treatment available. B. Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's Disease includes progressive changes in the neurons of the brain ...
TEENS & Drugs - SCHOOLinSITES
TEENS & Drugs - SCHOOLinSITES

... Rave parties are unique because they are often of a clandestine nature and include drugs. These parties, often times do not include alcohol (ie., teen dance ...
BIO 154: Exam 2006
BIO 154: Exam 2006

... biological rhythms. After all, you are aware that other circadian genes are necessary for some aspects of wildtype courtship song. Moreover, you know that some fruitless mutants display altered courtship song, and that cad and fruitless are co-expressed in some neurons. You wonder if the two cad phe ...
printed handout sheet
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... involved in  adrenergic signaling and in many other hormonal pathways. cAMP activates protein kinase A, and has numerous effects within cells. 6. Phospholipase C (PLC) is also bound to the plasmalemma where it hydrolyses inositol containing phospholipids to yield the water soluble inositol triphosp ...
Sensory Cortex
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Here
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... If the image is focused at the spot where the optic disk is located, nothing will be seen. This is known as the blind spot. There are no photoreceptors there, as nerves and blood vessels pass through this point. ...
Central Nervous System CNS
Central Nervous System CNS

... masses of neurons accounts for gray matter of the brain – Cerebral Cortex  White Matter - Myelinated neurons gives neurons a white appearance – inner layer of cerebrum ...
THE ELECTRICAL BRAIN
THE ELECTRICAL BRAIN

... them receive a balanced diet of ions, neurotransmitters and growth factors. The astrocytes are themselves coupled to each other through countless thousands of gap junctions, making an intensive exchange of molecules possible. Thus, this network could also distribute the harmful metabolic products re ...
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Spasmodic Dysphonia

... Brin (1991) possibly a link in chromosome ...
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates

... modifying the common genetic programs of neurons to create different synaptic specificities. The precisely defined sets of nerve and muscle cells responsible for locomotion in C. elegans allow genetic and cellular manipulations that provide a unique opportunity for investigating the generation of sp ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Axonal sprouts form connections with neurons in receptive field • Loss of afferent input causes reduced descending inhibitory input from reticular formation in brainstem • Central sensitisation ▫ Expansion of neuronal receptive field, hyper-excitability ▫ Increased NMDA receptor activity – mediate ...
Copyrighted Material
Copyrighted Material

... Following axotomy, there is degeneration of the distal nerve stump, followed by generation of a microenvironment supportive of regeneration. This process proceeds through a sequence of changes involving the distal axon, ensheathing glial cells and the blood nerve barrier. Initially there is a period ...
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Clinical neurochemistry



Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.
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