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TEENS & Drugs
Alcohol- MarijuanaRave/club drugs
Topics
• Teens & alcohol
• Marijuana
• Rave drugs
• Methamphetamines
ALCOHOL & TEENS
• Chemical – ethyl alcohol – depressant.
• Illegal until 21 years of age.
• It is the most abused drug because it is
legal.
• Ten percent of those adults who drink
have a severe alcohol problem.
ALCOHOL & CRIME
• Alcohol is involved in almost 90% of all
highway accidents.
• 50 to 55% of fatal accidents.
• The leading cause of death for ages 550 is drunk driving.
• 41% of assaults, 64% homicides, 35%
of rapes, 60% child abuse, 68% family
violence, and 1/3 0f all suicides.
HOW ALCOHOL ENTERS THE
SYSTEM
• 20% Is absorbed directly into the
stomach.
• 70 to 80% is absorbed into the first
several inches of the small intestines.
Once in the bloodstream, it penetrates
through all body tissue.
HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH?
•
•
•
•
1 drink = 12oz. Beer (3-6%)
6 oz. Wine (12-14%)
1 0z. Liquor (40-50%) = 80 to 100 proof
Average adult male, 150 lbs. = .02 BAC per
drink.
• 4 drinks in 1 hr. =.08 (per se limit in N.C.
• Liver can only detoxify at a rate of ¾ oz.
Per hr.
The higher the body weight, the more
water to dilute the alcohol, i.e.: 15 year
old girl and a 2 year old boy.
BEHAVIOR
• .01-.05 Lowered alertness, “the good feeling,”
extrovert, thought and judgment impaired
• .06 -.10 decreased reaction time, depth perception,
distance, peripheral vision, glare recovery, all
impaired.
• .11-.15 depression in motor capability, emotions
demonstrative of anger/joy weeping/shouting.
BEHAVIOR CONT.
• .16-.20- Groggy/ semi alert.
• .21-.25- Severe motor problems –
staggering, blurred vision
• .26-.30- Semi stupor
• .31-.35-minimum level to cause death
• .36-.40-comatose
• .41-.50-breathing and heart stops
What Causes Changes As BAC
Rises?
As the blood circulates the alcohol through the body
It permeates the nervous system. Alcohol first affects
the lower part of the brain, which then affects the higher
Portions (cerebral cortex). Complex, abstract, poorly learned
Behaviors are disrupted first. As a person drinks more and at
A faster rate than can be detoxified (3/4 oz.per hr.) alcohol
Accumulates in the blood and the BAC gets higher and higher
Other Factors Affecting BAC
• Food in stomach- delays absorption time.
• Sex- females have less body water contentmore fat which does not dilute.
• How much is drunk, over time- fast
drinking = higher BAC, sipper= lower
BAC.
• The content of alcohol in the beverage.
Continued
• Carbonation and temperature-carbonation will
raise BAC faster because the carbon dioxide gas
causes pressure in the stomach and moves the
alcohol faster into the system. Warm drinks
absorbed faster than cold ones.
• Condition of the stomach.
• Stress- because of vitamin depletion will cause
more disruption of behavior at lower BAC level.
Continued
• Other drugs can enhance the affects of
alcohol.
• Sleep- not enough sleep is a stressor.
• Physical make up – genetics is also a
factor.
Alcohol And The Body
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
Small amounts of alcohol causes stimulation
and excitement to the nervous system. As
BAC rises, depression occurs. The central
nervous system contains 10-12 billion
neurons, having many different functions.
Alcohol affects all neurons it comes into
contact with.
Circulatory System
Blood-alcohol produces a substance that makes red
blood cells clump together(blood sludging) which
causes the redness in the eyes. It also causes
decreased blood flow to the muscles, including the
heart. Over time, with heavy drinking, it causes
sluggish heart, irregular heart beat, enlarged and
weakened heart heart failure, raises blood pressure
which causes heart attack and stroke.
The Path of
Alcohol in the
Body
1.Mouth: alcohol enters the body.
2.Stomach: some alcohol gets into the
bloodstream in the stomach, but most goes on
to the small intestine.
3.Small Intestine: alcohol enters the
bloodstream through the walls of the small
intestine.
4.Heart: pumps alcohol throughout the body.
5.Brain: alcohol reaches the brain.
6.Liver: alcohol is oxidized by the liver at a rate
of about 0.5 oz per hour. Alcohol is converted
into water, carbon dioxide and energy.
Digestive System
• Gastritis: inflammation of the lining of the
stomach; nausea, vomiting, headaches, stomach
pain.
• Ulcers: eating away at the lining of the stomach.
Can eat through the lining; acute pain and
bleeding.
• Pancreas: inflammation and bleeding over period
of time; lowers insulin causing diabetes, low blood
sugar, hypoglycemia.
Liver: where alcohol is first broken down. Cirrhosis
Of the liver ( liver is dying) Hepatitis – infection.
Fatty liver – liver uses hydrogen from alcohol for
fuel instead of fat and accumulates the fat in the liver.
The liver no longer cleans the body which is the
chemical waste plant and is essential for life.
CANCERS ASOCIATED WITH
ALCOHOL
1. ESOPHAGUS
2. PANCREAS
3. LIVER
DANGEROUS MIXES
Warning: the effects listed here can be altered
dramatically by such factors as past
drinking habits, the amount of alcohol
already consumed, as well as chronic
ailments.
• Alcohol +Antihistamine = increased central
nervous system depression e.g., drowsiness.
• Alcohol +Aspirin = stomach and intestinal
bleeding.
Dangerous Mixes Cont.
• Alcohol = Narcotics= increased central
nervous depression with acute intoxication;
possible respiratory arrest.
• Alcohol + Non narcotic = stomach and
intestine irritation and possible bleeding.
• Alcohol + Antabuse(an anti-alcohol
medication) = flushing, hyperventilation,
vomiting, drowsiness.
Dangerous Mixes Cont.
• Alcohol + High blood pressure meds.=
increased effect; in some cases blood
pressure can be lowered to dangerous
levels.
• Alcohol + Oral antidiabetic Drugs= a
reaction similar to the interaction of
antabuse and alcohol; decreased antidiabetic
effect.
Dangerous Mixes Cont.
• Alcohol + Oral Anticoagulants= increased
anticoagulant effect initially; decreased
effect in chronic drinkers.
• Alcohol + Antibiotics= a reaction similar to
the reaction of antabuse and alcohol.
• Alcohol + Sedatives and Tranquilizers=
increased central nervous system
depression.
MARIJUANA
Marijuana Facts
There are over 25,000 different types, sizes,
and colors of drugs.
Some are legal and some are illegal; some are
natural and some are synthetic( man made)
• Alcohol is water soluble; marijuana is fat
soluble.
•Alcohol is processed out of the body in hours
•Marijuana has a half life of 5-7 days, it takes
30-45 days to be eliminated from the body.
Marijuana Facts Cont.
• THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is the chemical
that causes the high.
• In the 1960’s the THC levels was less than
1% now it is 14% and higher.
• Marijuana contains 435 chemicals 50 of
which are cancer causing tobacco has 7.
Marijuana Facts Cont.
• Concentrates in fatty tissue-brain, adrenal
glands, ovaries, testes, fetus of pregnant
women.
• Not all who use alcohol get intoxicated;
marijuana users do.
Effects On The Body
• Central nervous system- effects would be
similar to heavy use of alcohol.
• Reticular( memory, sorts and filters
messages) short term memory loss.
Effects On The Body
• Cerebral cortex( receives messages,
analyzes, initiates thought) poor judgment
short attention span, learning problems.
• Limbic system (emotions) apathy “no care
syndrome” loss of motivation, loss of
interest, long term use may actually produce
damage to tissue of the brain.
Respiration – Heart Rate Increases and
Decrease of Blood Supply.
Lungs
More Tar and Carbon Monoxide and
Cancer Causing Agents Than Tobacco.
Seven Known Carcinogens in Tobacco 50
in Marijuana.
Because of These Facts and by the Way It
Is Smoked(very Deeply and Held), 1
Joint= 22 Cigarettes As Far As Damage to
the Lungs.
Much More Likely to Develop Cancer,
Emphysema, or Bronchitis. Also Breaks
Down the Immune System.
Reproductive System
• Because of the effect of the pituitary gland
and hormones, it may impair sexual
development, function, and fertility.
• MEN- Decrease of male hormone
testosterone by as much as 44%( may cause
more effeminate characteristics.
• Decrease of sperm production.
• Increase in production of abnormal sperm.
Reproductive System
• WOMEN- increase menstrual irregularity.
• Interferes with ovulation.
• Increase in miscarriages.
Pregnant Women
May produce similar development
to fetal alcohol syndrome,
offspring grow slower, learning
problems, babies are smaller,
more stillborn.
The Bong
RAVE/ CLUB DRUGS
Is The Club Drug
Problem An Important
Issue?
CLUB DRUGS
Sometimes Referred To As:
RAVE DRUGS
DESIGNER DRUGS
CLUB DRUGS-DEFINITION
Refers to drugs being used by young adults at
dance clubs, bars, and all night dance parties
known as “RAVES”. The club or rave
experience revolves around music, dancing,
socializing and usually lasts all night. The high
sought by using these drugs is characterized
by increased energy and alertness, feelings of
euphoria and disinhibition, heightened
sensory perception, and sometimes
hallucinogenic effects.
Because these drugs are manufactured by criminals not
pharmaceutical companies, users never know what they are
getting.
When the criminal runs out of a certain drug, they often
substitute another drug in its place.
These drugs are often made in clandestine laboratories
under filthy conditions.
DESIGNER DRUGS -
New Drug Differing Slightly Yet Mimicking
An Illegal Drug, Often with Improved
Effects.
RAVE PARTIES
Europe experienced the rave phenomenon in the
early to mid 90’s and is currently inundated with it.
The east coast of the U.S experienced the rave
phenomenon after the European experience.
Rave parties are unique because they are often of a
clandestine nature and include drugs. These parties,
often times do not include alcohol (ie., teen dance
clubs).
RAVE PARTY
GHB- Central nervous system depressant-effects are euphoric feelings
and intoxication. Primarily seen as a liquid. Date rape drug.
KETAMINE-Effects are hallucinations and out of body experiences.
Normally in liquid or powder form. It is an anesthetic for animals and
humans.
ROHYPNOL-Effects are intoxication with no hangover. Seen in pill
and liquid form. Causes amnesia/date rape drug.
ECSTASY/MDMA- Amphetamine-mild hallucinogen-effects are
euphoric feeling, very sensitive to touch. Normally in tablet form. Most
popular club drug.
PMA-HallucinagenAmphetamine-effects include hallucinations and a
racing pulse and elevated body temperature. Seen in pill form.
ALL OF THE DRUGS LISTED ABOVE ARE ILLEGAL AND IT IS A
FELONY TO POSSESS THEM.
POPULAR CLUB DRUGS SEEN IN THE
LARGER CITY AREAS ARE NOW SEEN
EVERY WHERE
ATTITUDE OF ACCEPTANCE
Users feel that rave drugs are not addictive or
dangerous as traditional illegal drugs such as
heroin and cocaine.
Similar perception existed about cocaine in the
late 70’s /early 80’s
Users also feel that it does not have the
hangover of alcohol nor the weight gain
WHY IS THERE CONCERN FOR RAVE/
CLUB/DESIGNER DRUGS?
Judging by what has happened in Europe and parts of
the U.S., these drugs may become more popular in
Smaller towns than traditional illegal drugs such as
heroin and cocaine, which each create their own
unique problems in society such as crime, healthcare
and mental health issues.
It may also create more illegal drug users, not merely
drug users who switch from heroin to ecstasy.
As a result of the attitude of acceptance, additional
individuals will use RAVE DRUGS who would not
have used illegal drugs (ie., cocaine/heroin)
GHB
GAMMA-HYDROXY-BUTYRATE
GHB USAGE & EFFECTS
Very narrow dose window: 1-3 g,
Tolerant users use 4-5 g,
High lasts 1 ½ hours down in 3 hours,
Low dose effects same as alcohol,
Low pulse rate < 36 bpm,
High dose vomiting, convulsions, coma,
Suffocation is common cause of death.
GHB-Paraphernalia
Visine Eye Drops,
Spring Water,
Child’s Bubbles,
Windshield Washer
Fluid.
“SPECIAL K “ Ketamine
Often used as a chemical date-rape substance.
“SPECIAL K “ Ketamine Analog of PCP mostly used as a Veterinary
Animal Tranquilizer,
1/2 oz Can Tranquilize a Horse,
Smoked, Snorted or Dissolved in Water, Often
Mixed with Heroin,
Serious users shoot 25-125 mg
Clubbers snort 15-200 mg powder,
$25-$50 per gram, less in bulk.
Special K-
“SPECIAL K “
Physical Effects Intoxicated look: stumbling, “robotic movements,”
anesthetic,
Dreamy look, out of body experiences,
Compelling hallucinations,
High Doses: difficulty moving, vertigo, vomiting,
blackouts, seizures,
Most addictive of the hallucinatory drugs.
ROHYPNOL-”ROPHIES”
Quaalude of the ‘90s” per DEA,
White Double Scored Pill,
Roche Imprinted,
Soothing, Long-Lasting High,
Removes Inhibitions, Causes Blackouts and Memory
Loss with Alcohol,
Ten Times the Power of Valium.
Rohyphnol by Roche Slang: “Landing Gear”
Single score is 1 mg
Double score is 2 mg
MDMA (ECSTASY)
METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE
MDMA – Ecstasy Tablets
ECSTASY PILLS
ECSTASY
•Found in pill form with various logos
•Described as a hallucinogenic stimulant
•First synthesized in early 1900’s by a German company
•Known as the “Hug Drug”
•Stimulates the release of serotonin from brain neurons, which
enhance sense of pleasure and touch
•User often experiences a rush of energy which lasts two to three
hours, then tapers off with fatigue at approximately six hours
•Takes effect 30 minutes after ingestion and lasts 4-6 hours
•Positive effects are feeling of peacefulness, acceptance, self
confidence and empathy
ECSTASY- Effects:
Entactogenic- Total peace, understanding
Empathogenic- Emotionally close to people around
them,
Enhancement of all senses; touch, vision, smell, taste,
sound.
MDMA – Ecstasy Facts
Produced in the Netherlands, raw materials
from Poland, China, India,
Production likely to move to Mexico
resulting in lower prices and larger
availability,
Demand causing look-alike drug sales.
•Negative effects are hallucinations, depression,
paranoid thinking, panic attacks, irrational
behavior and violence
•Gained prominence as a drug used by
psychotherapists with treatment for patients who
are reluctant to open up in therapy
•Research is very limited as to any medical/health
risks. In laboratory rats, serotonin production was
reduced. Unknown what effects reduced serotonin
production has on the human body.
ECSTASY LOWERS INHIBITIONS
AND ENHANCES USER’S SENSE OF
TOUCH
Sexual Acting Out,
Hugging, Touching,
Rubbing.
THE BELOW STATISTICS DEMONSTRATE THE
UPSWING IN POPULARITY OF ECSTASY
ECSTASY SEIZURES
1993-------------196
1994-------------11,722
1995-------------27,759
1996-------------11,912
1997-------------79,599
1998-------------143,612
1999-------------954,878
(SOURCE: DEA ADS-STRIDE)
IT IS ESTIMATED THAT IT COSTS 25 CENTS TO
MANUFACTURE EACH ECSTASY PILL.
ECSTASY PILLS HAVE BEEN SELLING FOR
APPROXIMATELY $20-25 A PILL.
“SIGNS” OF ECSTASY USE
•
Baby pacifier candy suckers
•
Vicks Vapor Rub and nasal inhalers
•
Glow sticks
•
Returning home very late
•
Irritability in the days after suspected use
IN NO WAY ARE WE SAYING THAT ALL PEOPLE
WHO EXHIBIT SOME OF THESE BEHAVIORS OR
POSSESS THE ABOVE ITEMS, ARE ECSTASY
USERS.
MDMA (ECSTASY) Paraphernalia
Vick’s Inhaler,
Infant Pacifier,
Dust Mask,
Blow Pops,
Tampon Tube.
Glow Stick.
GLOW STICK
TRACERS
APPEALS TO ECSTASY
USERS ENHANCED
SENSES
ECSTASY/MILD
HALLUCINAGEN
MDMA User Recognition
Vick’s Vapo- Rub In Dust
Mask,
Vicks Nasal Inhaler,
Tampon Tubes with
Vicks.
RECENT DEATHS
in Naperville, Lisle and McHenry were caused by users who thought
they were taking ecstasy but the pills that they took were PMA, a
dangerous hallucinogen that is much more potent than ecstasy. The
pills looked identical to ecstasy pills that were being sold in the area.
Users never know what they are getting because ecstasy is not a
commercially produced drug.
Although the D.E.A. has logged numerous deaths caused by ecstasy,
it is this substitution of drugs that makes ecstasy so deadly and
dangerous.
PMA Effects Sudden blood pressure rise (> 55mm),
Hyperthermia usual cause of death,
Brain hemorrhage can occur,
Does NOT produce the pleasant Ecstasy effects
so users take more causing an overdose.
No hospital tests available for PMA.
Street Terms for Club Drugs
GHB
MDMA
Rohypnoll
Ketamine
Soap
XTC
R-2
Jet
Scoop
Go
Mexican Valium
Super Acid
Max
Ecstasy
Rophies
Special "K"
Liquid Ecstasy
Disco Biscuit
Rope
Honey Oil
Grievous Bodily Harm
Cristal
Roofies
Green
Goop
X
Roaches
K
Georgia Home Boy
Adam
Forget Me Drug
Cat Valium
Easy Lay
Hug Drug
Circles
Super C
ANY QUESTIONS ?
OR COMMENTS ?