CATEGORIES IN THE PIGEON BRAIN - Ruhr-Universität
... information is represented on a neural level in humans’ and monkeys’ IT—even without the need to perform a behavioral categorization task. The possibility of using such a method is not restricted to the visual association cortices, but can also be applied to frontal areas for an analysis of segregat ...
... information is represented on a neural level in humans’ and monkeys’ IT—even without the need to perform a behavioral categorization task. The possibility of using such a method is not restricted to the visual association cortices, but can also be applied to frontal areas for an analysis of segregat ...
Emergence of Mirror Neurons in a Model of Gaze Following
... in layer 9 share many characteristics with classical mirror neurons. First, a unit in this layer will usually be active during the execution of a gaze shift to a certain location in space. This is because the probability of performing such a gaze shift is directly related to the activation of the un ...
... in layer 9 share many characteristics with classical mirror neurons. First, a unit in this layer will usually be active during the execution of a gaze shift to a certain location in space. This is because the probability of performing such a gaze shift is directly related to the activation of the un ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... The vast majority of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are late onset with progressive synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Although the amyloid hypothesis has generated great insights into the disease mechanism, several lines of evidence indicate that other risk factors might precondition the brain to ...
... The vast majority of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are late onset with progressive synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Although the amyloid hypothesis has generated great insights into the disease mechanism, several lines of evidence indicate that other risk factors might precondition the brain to ...
Sensory receptors
... Overview: Sensing and Acting • Bats use sonar to detect their prey • Moths, a common prey for bats, can detect the bat’s sonar and attempt to flee • Both organisms have complex sensory systems that facilitate survival • These systems include diverse mechanisms that sense stimuli and generate ap ...
... Overview: Sensing and Acting • Bats use sonar to detect their prey • Moths, a common prey for bats, can detect the bat’s sonar and attempt to flee • Both organisms have complex sensory systems that facilitate survival • These systems include diverse mechanisms that sense stimuli and generate ap ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
... might reflect long-lasting changes in dopamine cell activity. Consistent with the in vivo findings of others,23,24,26 Wilson et al25 observed abnormally low postmortem striatal dopamine transporter protein levels and abnormally low dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the presence of normal l ...
... might reflect long-lasting changes in dopamine cell activity. Consistent with the in vivo findings of others,23,24,26 Wilson et al25 observed abnormally low postmortem striatal dopamine transporter protein levels and abnormally low dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the presence of normal l ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... Neurons located rostrally and caudally to the clusters region have, on average, larger peripheral receptive fields.24. and 26. It is well known that the cuneate neurons responding to cutaneous stimulation tend to discharge in high-frequency bursts of two to five spikes4. and 43. increasing their eff ...
... Neurons located rostrally and caudally to the clusters region have, on average, larger peripheral receptive fields.24. and 26. It is well known that the cuneate neurons responding to cutaneous stimulation tend to discharge in high-frequency bursts of two to five spikes4. and 43. increasing their eff ...
neuropharmacology of spasticity
... No reflex activity in response to muscle stretch in a relaxed normal person Mediated via 1a afferents from muscle ...
... No reflex activity in response to muscle stretch in a relaxed normal person Mediated via 1a afferents from muscle ...
Impaired synaptic transmission was also observed in the DG in
... of assessing the possibility of neurological impairments after treatment with CORT in patients with moderate or severe hyponatremia accompanying adrenal insufficiency and that memantine may represent a beneficial therapeutic strategy to prevent neurological impairments in such patients. Research Bac ...
... of assessing the possibility of neurological impairments after treatment with CORT in patients with moderate or severe hyponatremia accompanying adrenal insufficiency and that memantine may represent a beneficial therapeutic strategy to prevent neurological impairments in such patients. Research Bac ...
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in Four Extrastriate Visual
... series was run on a total of 480 cells, 56 in M, 89 in DM, 80 in DL, 129 in MT, and 126 that could not be assigned to a particular area. A neuron’s spontaneous firing rate was subtracted from the mean firing rate during the stimulus presentation to obtain response rates, which were averaged for the ...
... series was run on a total of 480 cells, 56 in M, 89 in DM, 80 in DL, 129 in MT, and 126 that could not be assigned to a particular area. A neuron’s spontaneous firing rate was subtracted from the mean firing rate during the stimulus presentation to obtain response rates, which were averaged for the ...
Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... their long leading processes to the pia through Reelin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion (Sekine et al., 2012) and subsequently shorten them to move their cell bodies to their final positions and detach from the pia to terminate migration (Dulabon et al., 2000). Notably, as the cortical plate is suffici ...
... their long leading processes to the pia through Reelin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion (Sekine et al., 2012) and subsequently shorten them to move their cell bodies to their final positions and detach from the pia to terminate migration (Dulabon et al., 2000). Notably, as the cortical plate is suffici ...
α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit
... dihydrolipoamide succinyl transferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). α-KGDH converts α-ketoglutarate into succinylCoA in the presence of NAD and CoA. It is highly regulated by intracellular ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD ratios and calcium. In humans, decreased KGDH activity can lead to neurode ...
... dihydrolipoamide succinyl transferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). α-KGDH converts α-ketoglutarate into succinylCoA in the presence of NAD and CoA. It is highly regulated by intracellular ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD ratios and calcium. In humans, decreased KGDH activity can lead to neurode ...
sample - Testbankonline.Com
... This is one of the main points Crew and Nixon make: “Interesting, genetics and specific environmental factors play an important role in regulating neurogenesis, and these same environmental factors … are key factors in the risk of developing alcoholism.” Discussion Points: ...
... This is one of the main points Crew and Nixon make: “Interesting, genetics and specific environmental factors play an important role in regulating neurogenesis, and these same environmental factors … are key factors in the risk of developing alcoholism.” Discussion Points: ...
Endogenous Stem Cells in the Adult Murine Spinal Cord
... Neural stem cell culture: Spinal cords were isolated from either 5-7 week old adult or 12.5 days gestation embryonic C57BL/6J animals, dissociated with papain, and plated in neurobasal medium, N2 supplement, 20 ng/ml bFGF, 10 ng/ml EGF (Invitrogen), and 2 µg/ml heparin (Sigma). Neurospheres were exp ...
... Neural stem cell culture: Spinal cords were isolated from either 5-7 week old adult or 12.5 days gestation embryonic C57BL/6J animals, dissociated with papain, and plated in neurobasal medium, N2 supplement, 20 ng/ml bFGF, 10 ng/ml EGF (Invitrogen), and 2 µg/ml heparin (Sigma). Neurospheres were exp ...
PDF
... (L5 and L6) and subplate (SP; see Glossary, Box 1) neurons, whereas upper-layer (L2-L4) neurons project within the cortex, either intra-hemispherically or contralaterally, mostly via the corpus callosum (see Glossary, Box 1). In addition to projection neurons, interneurons of distinct lineages and m ...
... (L5 and L6) and subplate (SP; see Glossary, Box 1) neurons, whereas upper-layer (L2-L4) neurons project within the cortex, either intra-hemispherically or contralaterally, mostly via the corpus callosum (see Glossary, Box 1). In addition to projection neurons, interneurons of distinct lineages and m ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... GABA-ir neurons at postnatal day (P) 60. This occurred long after the cortical layers were in place, and near the close of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Chapman et al., 1996; Ruthazer et al., 1999). One aim of this study was to characterize further the neurons involved in the ...
... GABA-ir neurons at postnatal day (P) 60. This occurred long after the cortical layers were in place, and near the close of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Chapman et al., 1996; Ruthazer et al., 1999). One aim of this study was to characterize further the neurons involved in the ...
autonomic nervous system
... • The autonomic nervous system of the PNS affects our organs and glands in ways that regulate bodily functioning. • Because the autonomic nervous system operates without our conscious awareness, it is described as an automatic, or involuntary, system. • The autonomic nervous system has two main comp ...
... • The autonomic nervous system of the PNS affects our organs and glands in ways that regulate bodily functioning. • Because the autonomic nervous system operates without our conscious awareness, it is described as an automatic, or involuntary, system. • The autonomic nervous system has two main comp ...
Methods for reducing interference in the Complementary Learning
... & O’Reilly, 2003; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000) adjust synapses more than is necessary and, as such, show unacceptably high levels of interference. Other learning rules that have been used in CLS implementations (e.g. Leabra; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000) are less prone to this problem, but have other pro ...
... & O’Reilly, 2003; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000) adjust synapses more than is necessary and, as such, show unacceptably high levels of interference. Other learning rules that have been used in CLS implementations (e.g. Leabra; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000) are less prone to this problem, but have other pro ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... reported that cocaine abuse is associated with cerebrovascular events with infarction in the anterior spinal artery distribution and lower motor neuron injury spasticity of the lower extremities. Also Yan et al (12) showed that cocaine exposure decreased brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) funct ...
... reported that cocaine abuse is associated with cerebrovascular events with infarction in the anterior spinal artery distribution and lower motor neuron injury spasticity of the lower extremities. Also Yan et al (12) showed that cocaine exposure decreased brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) funct ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... from the modulatory effects of norepinephrine on cellular physiology. A number of cellular effects of norepinephrine could contribute to this change in dynamics. Here we focus on the role of the noradrenergic suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission. Studies of the effect of norepinephrine on ...
... from the modulatory effects of norepinephrine on cellular physiology. A number of cellular effects of norepinephrine could contribute to this change in dynamics. Here we focus on the role of the noradrenergic suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission. Studies of the effect of norepinephrine on ...
Sequence-Specific Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Recognition by
... Fig. 1. Analysis of the Protein and Nucleotide Sequences Used in this Study A, Amino acid sequence corresponding to the Cys4-Cys4 zinc finger DBD of mouse SF1. The locations of the highly conserved core DBD shared by NRs as well as the FTZ-F1 box unique to the NR5A subfamily are indicated. SF1 resid ...
... Fig. 1. Analysis of the Protein and Nucleotide Sequences Used in this Study A, Amino acid sequence corresponding to the Cys4-Cys4 zinc finger DBD of mouse SF1. The locations of the highly conserved core DBD shared by NRs as well as the FTZ-F1 box unique to the NR5A subfamily are indicated. SF1 resid ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... mistaken impression that second messenger modulation of a single current occurs in isolation. Instead, modulation of membrane currents by second messengers has several important computational consequences (Hille, 2001): (A) Second messenger activation is often associated with amplification. That is, ...
... mistaken impression that second messenger modulation of a single current occurs in isolation. Instead, modulation of membrane currents by second messengers has several important computational consequences (Hille, 2001): (A) Second messenger activation is often associated with amplification. That is, ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... First images: Activity patterns in the mouse visual cortex at eye opening A. KONNERTH, Munich ...
... First images: Activity patterns in the mouse visual cortex at eye opening A. KONNERTH, Munich ...
Sensing the fat: Fatty acid metabolism in the
... 4. Anorectic effects of FAS inhibitors Feeding increases cytoplasmic malonyl-CoA concentration, both by increasing its precursors and cytoplasmic citrate, which is an allosteric activator of ACC. Increased malonylCoA concentration inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1, also carnitine acyl ...
... 4. Anorectic effects of FAS inhibitors Feeding increases cytoplasmic malonyl-CoA concentration, both by increasing its precursors and cytoplasmic citrate, which is an allosteric activator of ACC. Increased malonylCoA concentration inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1, also carnitine acyl ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... in a set of stimuli is calculated, then it is found that the amount of information about individual stimuli can be as high as 1.5–2 bits for some stimuli (usually those which elicit the highest firing rate), and may approach zero for the stimuli in the set which produce responses that are close to t ...
... in a set of stimuli is calculated, then it is found that the amount of information about individual stimuli can be as high as 1.5–2 bits for some stimuli (usually those which elicit the highest firing rate), and may approach zero for the stimuli in the set which produce responses that are close to t ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals f ...
... drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals f ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.